A growing body of evidence suggests that the spatial and the temporal domains seem to share the same or similar conditions, basic effects, and mechanisms. The blocking, unblocking and overshadowing experiments (and also those of latent... more
A growing body of evidence suggests that the spatial and the temporal domains seem to share the same or similar conditions, basic effects, and mechanisms. The blocking, unblocking and overshadowing experiments (and also those of latent inhibition and perceptual learning reviewed by Prados and Redhead in this issue) show that to exclude associative learning as a basic mechanism responsible for
Studies on members of the crow family using the “Aesop’s Fable” paradigm have revealed remarkable abilities in these birds, and suggested a mechanism by which associative learning and folk physics may interact when learning new problems.... more
Studies on members of the crow family using the “Aesop’s Fable” paradigm have revealed remarkable abilities in these birds, and suggested a mechanism by which associative learning and folk physics may interact when learning new problems. In the present study, children between 4 and 10 years of age were tested on the same tasks as the birds. Overall the performance of the children between 5-7-years was similar to that of the birds, while children from 8-years were able to succeed in all tasks from the first trial. However the pattern of performance across tasks suggested that different learning mechanisms might be being employed by children than by adult birds. Specifically, it is possible that in children, unlike corvids, performance is not affected by counter-intuitive mechanism cues.
Mental imagery improves paired-associate (PA) learning relative to overt rehearsal. The effect might be due to increased reliability of stimulus encoding or to increased relational association produced by imagery. These hypotheses expect... more
Mental imagery improves paired-associate (PA) learning relative to overt rehearsal. The effect might be due to increased reliability of stimulus encoding or to increased relational association produced by imagery. These hypotheses expect different outcomes when imagery and ...
From beverages to consumer electronics, marketers are using color in innovative ways. Despite this, little academic research has investigated the role that color plays in marketing. This paper examines how color affects consumer... more
From beverages to consumer electronics, marketers are using color in innovative ways. Despite this, little academic research has investigated the role that color plays in marketing. This paper examines how color affects consumer perceptions through a series of four studies. The authors provide a framework and empirical evidence that draws on research in aesthetics, color psychology, and associative learning to map hues onto brand personality dimensions (Study 1), as well as examine the roles of saturation and value for amplifying brand personality traits (Study 2). The authors also demonstrate how marketers can strategically use color to alter brand personality and purchase intent (Study 3), and how color influences the likability and familiarity of a brand (Study 4). The results underscore the importance of recognizing the impact of color in forming consumer brand perceptions.
Objectives: It is well established that catastrophic misinterpretations and fear are involved in the suffering and disability of patients with chronic pain. This study investigated whether similar processes explain suffering and... more
Objectives: It is well established that catastrophic misinterpretations and fear are involved in the suffering and disability of patients with chronic pain. This study investigated whether similar processes explain suffering and disability in patients with chronic tinnitus. We hypothesized that patients who catastrophically (mis)interpret their tinnitus would be more fearful of tinnitus, more vigilant toward their tinnitus, and report less quality of life. Moreover, tinnitus-related fear was expected to act as a mediator in reduced quality of life. Design: Sixty-one tinnitus patients from an outpatient ENT department of the University Hospital of Antwerp (Belgium) completed a number of questionnaires about their tinnitus. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to test hypothesized associations and to assess mediation by tinnitus-related fear. Results: Analyses revealed significant associations between catastro-phizing and fear and between catastrophizing and increased attention toward the tinnitus. Furthermore, both tinnitus-related catastrophizing and fear were negatively associated with quality of life; moreover, tinnitus-related fear fully mediated the association between catastroph-izing about the tinnitus and quality of life. Conclusions: The findings confirm earlier suggestions that tinnitus-related concerns and fears are associated with impaired quality of life, which is in line with a cognitive behavioral account of chronic tinnitus. Future research avenues and clinical applications are discussed.
The paper describes the physio-associative temporal sensors integration algorithm which is motivated by the observed function of the thalamus and utilizes signals theory mathematics to model how a human efficiently perceives information... more
The paper describes the physio-associative temporal sensors integration algorithm which is motivated by the observed function of the thalamus and utilizes signals theory mathematics to model how a human efficiently perceives information in the environment. The algorithm is consistent with that of an aircraft pilot; namely, to estimate, filter, and predict sensed afferent signals and produce efferent controls under dynamic
Life as a resource consumer/possessor is a superficial evaluation of people and "things". What carnal sight's misconception is that we're energy crystals belonging to network of energy levels corresponding to our consciousness. There are... more
Life as a resource consumer/possessor is a superficial evaluation of people and "things". What carnal sight's misconception is that we're energy crystals belonging to network of energy levels corresponding to our consciousness. There are energy levels that are less dependent on material sources and more on intangibles of their own mental aesthetic obtained from cognitive associations from the mundane sensory reception subtly directed by subconscious's archive inputs.
As this level's "daily bread" is more versatile and fungible a raw energy than the form-bounded and use-specific physical 'matters' products of equally form constricted social and cultural, provincial paradigms of more dependent tangible forms.
The self-fulfilling and self-justifying paradigms create a matrix of a logic stream of consciousnesses that are a mantra opiate of affirming hypnotic incarcerating placentas on the resulting default caste of existence.
According to the Persuasion Knowledge Model (PKM) the activation of persuasion knowledge and coping skills require awareness or recognition of a persuasive advertising attempt. This conceptual piece asks whether persuasion coping skills... more
According to the Persuasion Knowledge Model (PKM) the activation of persuasion knowledge and coping skills require awareness or recognition of a persuasive advertising attempt. This conceptual piece asks whether persuasion coping skills are activated for advertising or persuasive episodes in which individuals have no a priori knowledge. This manuscript puts forth a conceptual model combining schema theory, associative learning, and PKM, which offer alternative explanations of coping skill activation for embedded advertising episodes like advergames and in-game advertising, which have the appearance and features that distinguish them as distinctly different from traditional advertising.
According to a widely shared interpretation, research employing spontaneous-response false belief tasks demonstrates that infants as young as 15 months attribute (false) beliefs. In contrast with this conclusion, I advance an alternative... more
According to a widely shared interpretation, research employing spontaneous-response false belief tasks demonstrates that infants as young as 15 months attribute (false) beliefs. In contrast with this conclusion, I advance an alternative reading of the empirical data. I argue that infants constantly form and update their expectations about others’ behaviour, and that this ability extends in the course of development to reflect an appreciation of what others can and cannot see. These basic capacities account for infants’ performance in spontaneous-response false belief tasks without the need to assume the existence of a cognitive module specific for mental state attribution. My proposal suggests a plausible explanatory strategy for the problem of the representational format of the information processed in spontaneous-response false belief tasks.
The effects of stressful life experience on learning are pervasive and vary greatly both within and between individuals. It is therefore unlikely that any one mechanism will underlie these complicated processes. Nonetheless, without... more
The effects of stressful life experience on learning are pervasive and vary greatly both within and between individuals. It is therefore unlikely that any one mechanism will underlie these complicated processes. Nonetheless, without identifying the necessary and sufficient circuitry, no complete mechanism or set of mechanisms can be identified. In this review, we provide two anatomical frameworks through which stressful life experience can influence processes related to learning and memory. In the first, stressful experience releases stress hormones, primarily from the adrenals, which directly impact brain areas engaged in learning. In the second, stressful experience indirectly alters the circuits used in learning via intermediary brain regions. Importantly, these intermediary brain regions are not integral to the stress response or learning itself, but rather link the consequences of a stressful experience with circuits used to learn associations. As reviewed, the existing literat...
The past 50 years have seen an accumulation of evidence suggesting that associative learning depends on high-level cognitive processes that give rise to propositional knowledge. Yet, many learning theorists maintain a belief in a learning... more
The past 50 years have seen an accumulation of evidence suggesting that associative learning depends on high-level cognitive processes that give rise to propositional knowledge. Yet, many learning theorists maintain a belief in a learning mechanism in which links between mental representations are formed automatically. We characterize and highlight the differences between the propositional and link approaches, and review the relevant empirical evidence.
