Eva Gyulai
University of Miskolc, History, Faculty Member
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Great-grandmother of the Thökölys: Baroness Susanne Dóczy of Nagylucse (Veľká Lúča) We know that Sebastián Thököly, barely ten years after his ennoblement, married a very young and natural-born baroness, Zuzana Dóczy, who was born in the... more
Great-grandmother of the Thökölys: Baroness Susanne Dóczy of Nagylucse (Veľká Lúča)
We know that Sebastián Thököly, barely ten years after his ennoblement, married a very young and natural-born baroness, Zuzana Dóczy, who was born in the manor house in Žarnovice, together with both brothers, and where her half-siblings Anna and Barbora Szárkándy also lived. The funeral sermon of the preacher Sebastian Lahm from Kežmarok, published in 1600 in Heidelberg, tells a lot about the life of Zuzana Dóczy. The booklet also contains a strange poem, paraphrasing a letter written by Zuzana Dóczy on her deathbed to her distant husband, which she did not manage to finish due to the ongoing childbirth. Sebastian Lahm dedicated the sermon to Stefan Thököly, then studying abroad. During childbirth, Zuzana Dóczy was visited by the Jäger captain Pavel Nyáry and only after his departure she gave birth to a live child. However, she died during the postpartum period, three weeks after giving birth, on June 20 or 22, 1596. Only four of her children survived to adulthood. Zuzana Dóczy died at the age of 31. Her husband had a monumental marble tomb made for her in then Evangelical church in Kežmarok, which was later converted into a side altar after the catholicisation of the church. The tombstone inscription also lists the names of her deceased and living children and immortalises Sebastian Thököly as the lord of Kežmarok. Other verses heroically describe the joint family coat of arms of the Thököly and Dóczy families.
Keywords: Zuzana Dóczy, Thököly family, Kežmarok, nobility, evangelicals.
We know that Sebastián Thököly, barely ten years after his ennoblement, married a very young and natural-born baroness, Zuzana Dóczy, who was born in the manor house in Žarnovice, together with both brothers, and where her half-siblings Anna and Barbora Szárkándy also lived. The funeral sermon of the preacher Sebastian Lahm from Kežmarok, published in 1600 in Heidelberg, tells a lot about the life of Zuzana Dóczy. The booklet also contains a strange poem, paraphrasing a letter written by Zuzana Dóczy on her deathbed to her distant husband, which she did not manage to finish due to the ongoing childbirth. Sebastian Lahm dedicated the sermon to Stefan Thököly, then studying abroad. During childbirth, Zuzana Dóczy was visited by the Jäger captain Pavel Nyáry and only after his departure she gave birth to a live child. However, she died during the postpartum period, three weeks after giving birth, on June 20 or 22, 1596. Only four of her children survived to adulthood. Zuzana Dóczy died at the age of 31. Her husband had a monumental marble tomb made for her in then Evangelical church in Kežmarok, which was later converted into a side altar after the catholicisation of the church. The tombstone inscription also lists the names of her deceased and living children and immortalises Sebastian Thököly as the lord of Kežmarok. Other verses heroically describe the joint family coat of arms of the Thököly and Dóczy families.
Keywords: Zuzana Dóczy, Thököly family, Kežmarok, nobility, evangelicals.
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Von Sachen gros, von angsicht klein – Zsámboky János verse Pozsonyról a Habsburg Miksa koronázásáról készült metszeten, 1563/1566 [Johannes Sambucus’ poem about Bratislava on the engraving of Maximilian of Habsburg’s coronation, 1563/1566] = Publicationes Univ. Miskolc. Phil. XVII. Fasc. 1. (2012)more
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[Pallas in Reckheim. Theodoor A. Caenen’s booklet for Julianna Barbara Rákóczi, Maastricht, 1706] Pallas Reckheimben – Theodoor Amand Caenen Rákóczi Juliannához szóló üdvözlő verse (Maastricht, 1706). In: Hadi és más nevezetes történetek. Szerk.: Kincses Katalin Mária. HM HIM, Bp., 2018. 169–189.more
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Periferikus centrumok – A miskolci zsidóság 18–19. század intézményei és központi helyszínei [Peripheral centres: Central location and institutions of the Miskolc Jewry in the 18–19th centuries] In: Zsidók és keresztények az évszázadok sodrában. Szerk. Horváth Z.–Sz. Halász D. Miskolc, 2015. 71–127.more
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[Education and Schools in Northern Hungary Region until 1945 – A Historical Outline] Oktatás és Iskolák Észak-Magyarországon 1945-ig – Történeti vázlat. In: K. Nagy E.–Szabó-Tóth K. (szerk.): ÚTKERESŐ II. Megoldások és javaslatok az Észak-Magyarország régió felemelkedésére. Miskolc, 2023. 84–103.more
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In 1513, Pope Leo X appointed Cardinal Ippolito (I) d’Este (1479–1520), Bishop of Eger (Agria), for Bene-dictine Abbot of Tapolca in Hungary, in order to support the young high priest mostly living in Ferrara, with the remuneration of the... more
In 1513, Pope Leo X appointed Cardinal Ippolito (I) d’Este (1479–1520), Bishop of Eger (Agria), for Bene-dictine Abbot of Tapolca in Hungary, in order to support the young high priest mostly living in Ferrara, with the remuneration of the Closter, considering that the Tapolca Benedictine monastery owned 4 serf villages. However, Cardinal Bishop Ippolito was not able to enjoy the respectable income of his abbey for long, because according to the laws of the Hungarian Kingdom of that time, high priests could only be appointed for a single ecclesiastical benefit. In 1515 King King Vladislas II of Hungary (1456–1516) ex-cuses himself in a letter to Ippolito d’Este, because under the pressure of the Hungarian nobles, he was forced to take the benefice of the abbey from the Cardinal Bishop and donate it to a parish priest of (Hejő)Csaba named Petrus. In his letter, the king promises the bishop cardinal to compensate him for the lost revenues. The letter has not survived in its original form, but several later copies are known to be kept in various collections.
Thus, instead of Ippolito d’Este, the parish priest of the village of Csaba, adjacent to the monas-tery in Tapolca, received the title of abbot and the command over the abbey’s estates. In 1518, Hippolit briefly regained his former abbey, but had to resign again.
Thus, instead of Ippolito d’Este, the parish priest of the village of Csaba, adjacent to the monas-tery in Tapolca, received the title of abbot and the command over the abbey’s estates. In 1518, Hippolit briefly regained his former abbey, but had to resign again.
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In the parish church of Szendrő, a former Franciscan church, two altars stand close to each other, one was erected by the owner of the market town and manor of Szendrő, Count Antal Csáky, and the other by his manorial property manager of... more
In the parish church of Szendrő, a former Franciscan church, two altars stand close to each other, one was erected by the owner of the market town and manor of Szendrő, Count Antal Csáky, and the other by his manorial property manager of Czech descent, Pál (Paulus) Tiszta of Lipstin (Liebenstein/Libštejn) and Selyeb. The altars were made in the workshop of sculptor Joseph Hartman in Kassa (Kaschau, today: Košice, Slovakia) in the 1740s and 50s. Pál Tiszta and his wife Eszter Susztrik donated an altar to the Vir-gin of Loreto as an image of grace, the iconography of which differs from the Loreto altars in Hungary at that time. In the Kingdom of Hungary, the statue of the Virgin Mary in Santa Casa in Loreto is usually copied in the form of a sculpture, it is rarely depicted in paintings, but there are also examples of this in the 17th and 18th centuries. The deeply religious Catholic Pál Tiszta and his family had a special respect for Our Lady of Loreto, perhaps they themselves made a pilgrimage to the Santa Casa, because the pro-totype of the Szendrő altarpiece was a devotional image or pilgrimage picture of that time, which the pilgrims brought with them from Lorato.
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An artwork in the National Museum of Hungary (Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum), the old carved stalls (stalla) with painted coats of arms from the Parish Church (recently: Basilica) of St Giles in Bártfa (Bartfeld, now Bardejov, Slovakia) are an... more
An artwork in the National Museum of Hungary (Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum), the old carved stalls (stalla) with painted coats of arms from the Parish Church (recently: Basilica) of St Giles in Bártfa (Bartfeld, now Bardejov, Slovakia) are an outstanding relic of the late Gothic period in Hungary, publicly known as the King Matthias’ stalls On the dorsale of the Gothic stalls, made of linden in 1483, the coats of arms of the Hungarian royal couple, Matthias Hunyadi and Queen Consort Beatrice of Aragon, Princess of Naples were carved in a flat relief or relief-en-creux, accompanied at present by the coats of arms of 12 countries or their kings.
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It is a less known fact that in the Jewish cemeteries in Oradea, Romania (German: Gorßwardein, Hungarian: Nagyvárad) and Miskolc (Hungary), there are graves of rabbis where the bodies of two brothers lie. In Oradea, it is Rabbi Feish... more
It is a less known fact that in the Jewish cemeteries in Oradea, Romania (German: Gorßwardein, Hungarian: Nagyvárad) and Miskolc (Hungary), there are graves of rabbis where the bodies of two brothers lie. In Oradea, it is Rabbi Feish Wiener (d. 1803) in the Venetian Jewish cemetery (Cimitirul Evreiesc Ortodox din Velenṭa), opened in 1801, while in Miskolc, it is Rabbi Abraham Wiener Posselburg (d. 1832) in the Jewish cemetery established in the mid 18 th century. Their father, Rabbi Asher Anshel Wiener (cca. 1720-1800) was the rabbi of the Gemeinde (community) of Town Miskolc and Borsod County as early as in 1774. He died in Miskolc at the age of 80, and his grave is now a pilgrimage site. Rabbi Wiener of Miskolc (Mischkoltz) was presumably the descendant of the famous Wiener family of Prague, who were of Viennese origin. One of his ancestors, Ascher Anschel Wiener-Spiro was president and chief rabbi of the rabbinate of the Zigeunersynagoge in Prague. After his death in 1714, he was buried in the old Jewish cemetery of Prague. Tradition has it that the master of Rabbi Wiener of Miskolc was the renowned Talmudist, rabbi in Altona-Hamburg-Wandsbeck, Jonathan Eybeschütz (1690-1764). Rabbi Wiener of Miskolc was well over 50 when he settled in the market town Miskolc, the seat of Borsod County. We do not know where he had acted before. His grandchild, the famous Tzaddik of Csenger, Asher Anshel Jungreis/Jungreisz (1806-1872) preserved the memory of his grandfather, the learned rabbi of Miskolc. The memory of the famous Wiener rabbinical family was also preserved in Oradea. It is interesting that in Miskolc, there was no cult of the Wieners in spite of the fact that Rabbi Asher Anshel Wiener's son, Abraham Wiener Posselburg (d. 1832) was the rabbi of the town of Miskolc and Borsod county for 30 years, and his grandchild, David Weiner/Wiener also held the position of dayan after his father, Abraham Posselburg's death.
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The classification ofemblems shows the society of Transylvania and the Partium (and partly also that of Upper Hungary) to be extremely militarised, which can be accounted for on the one hand by the specific internal andforeign political... more
The classification ofemblems shows the society of Transylvania and the Partium (and partly also that of Upper Hungary) to be extremely militarised, which can be accounted for on the one hand by the specific internal andforeign political relations of the period of the Turkish occupation but on the other hand, also reveals that among the people applying for and getting coats of arms, military elements were of decisive importance. In addition to the surprisingly high rate of letters patent of nobility bearing a soldier or a half arm, this claim is confirmed by the fact that the attributes referring to warfare may appear on the crest even ifthey are absentfrom the emblem ofthe shield. It is an important residt and outcome of my research that it confirms the opinion long held in historical science that the donation of coats ofarms is a part ofthe social and military policy of the sovereign. On the one hand, there being no decorations in the age, letters patent of nobility (and any other favours accompanying it) can be regarded as the reward of social activities and particularly military service, and on the other hand, with the donations, princes tried to create a social base and an elite loyal to both their persons and the principality. It is a new feature, however, that the increase ofthe class possessing letters patent of nobility could also be a device of unsuccessful and bad princely administration. For example, the political practice of George Rakoczi II, leading to catastrophy, was characterised by an unbridled donation ofnobility. The most important result ofthe research is the creation ofthe database from which the most important data of the letters patent of nobility, including the coat of arms descriptions and the different elements ofthe emblems, can be retrieved. With the help of the database, different lists can be compiled as research aids for heraldry and other branches of historical science.
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Baronial Estate and Princely Residence: The Rákóczis in Zborov The Zboró/Zborov castle of the huge Makovica dominion in the county of Sáros/Šariš built in the market town of Zboró (today: Zborov, Slovakia) has been the residence of the... more
Baronial Estate and Princely Residence: The Rákóczis in Zborov
The Zboró/Zborov castle of the huge Makovica dominion in the county of Sáros/Šariš built in the market town of Zboró (today: Zborov, Slovakia) has been the residence of the Rákóczi family and its heirs for 300 years. Although the castle was almost completely destroyed in the First World War, the relationship between Zboró and the Rákóczi family can be reconstructed on the basis of archival sources. The Zborov manor house of Serédyek, together with the castle of Makovica was bought by the Reformed religion Zsigmond (Sigismund) Rákóczi (1544–1608; Prince of Transylvania: 1607–1608) from the Polish Prince Janusz Ostrogski (1554–1620) in 1601. His sons, the Catholic Count Pál Rákóczi (1596–1636) and the Protestant Prince George I Rákóczi of Trasylvania, and then the next generations of the two branches of the dinasty shared Castle of Zborov as a residence, George I. Rákóczi and his wife, Susanne Lorántffy, also had a Reformed church built in the castle area in 1630. The main residence of the castle was made by Pál Rákóczi’s son, László (Ladislaus) Rákóczi (1633–1664), his wife, Erzsébet Nagymihály Bánffy, who converted to Catholicism, was also buried in the medieval parish church of Zborov in 1663. In 1661 the princely branch of the Rákóczi family became also Catholic, so from then on, the castle was inhabited only by Catholic Lords. In 1666 Frances I Rákóczi (1645–1676) held his wedding with Ilona Zrínyi here. Frances I. Rákóczi and his mother, Zsófia Báthory (1629–1680) had the court church of St. Sophia built to the residential wing of the castle. At the end of the 17th century, the daughter of László Rákóczi, Countess Erdődy neé Countess Erzsébet Rákóczi (1654–1707) born in Zboró, and her second-degree nephew and niece, the children of Frances I. Rákóczi: Prince Frances II. Rákóczi and Princess Julianna Barbara Rákóczi, who lived in Vienna, co-ruled the manor of Zboró. The Princess and her niece were generous donors of the parish of Zborov, Julianna Rákóczi built the St. Anne’s Chapel, which still stands next to the parish church. In 1699, at the end of a lawsuit, Frances II Rákóczi relinquished his share of market town Zborov in favor of his sister, but retained the other dominion shares. After the Rákóczi War of Independence (1703–1711), the prince’s estates were confiscated by the Habsburg government, but the estate of Julianna Rákóczi remained her property and it was inherited by members of the Aspremont Counts’ family. Count Charles Gobert of Aspremont (1720–1749), imperial and royal chamberlain, cavalry general, died on November 9, 1749 in Zboro and was buried in the parish church. At the beginning of the 19th century, the remains of some family members were placed in the crypt of the court church than already dedicated to St. John of Nepomuk by Countess Maria Ottolina Gobertina of Aspremont-Baindt (1787–1866), but the crypt was destroyed after World War I and the humiliated remains by order of the Minister Plenipotentiary for the Administration of Slovensko (Czecho-Slovakia) were reburied in the Zboro Cemetery on May 22, 1920. After the liberation of the serfs, the last Aspremont heiress: Countess György Erdődy, Countess Mária Aspremont (†1866), received landlords’ compensation for serf plots of the Makovica estate, including Zborov. The Erdődys sold their estate and the Zborov Castle at the end of the 19th century, then in 1907 the estate and the manor were bought by the Hungarian state treasury, so the former Rákóczi private estate became state property.
The Zboró/Zborov castle of the huge Makovica dominion in the county of Sáros/Šariš built in the market town of Zboró (today: Zborov, Slovakia) has been the residence of the Rákóczi family and its heirs for 300 years. Although the castle was almost completely destroyed in the First World War, the relationship between Zboró and the Rákóczi family can be reconstructed on the basis of archival sources. The Zborov manor house of Serédyek, together with the castle of Makovica was bought by the Reformed religion Zsigmond (Sigismund) Rákóczi (1544–1608; Prince of Transylvania: 1607–1608) from the Polish Prince Janusz Ostrogski (1554–1620) in 1601. His sons, the Catholic Count Pál Rákóczi (1596–1636) and the Protestant Prince George I Rákóczi of Trasylvania, and then the next generations of the two branches of the dinasty shared Castle of Zborov as a residence, George I. Rákóczi and his wife, Susanne Lorántffy, also had a Reformed church built in the castle area in 1630. The main residence of the castle was made by Pál Rákóczi’s son, László (Ladislaus) Rákóczi (1633–1664), his wife, Erzsébet Nagymihály Bánffy, who converted to Catholicism, was also buried in the medieval parish church of Zborov in 1663. In 1661 the princely branch of the Rákóczi family became also Catholic, so from then on, the castle was inhabited only by Catholic Lords. In 1666 Frances I Rákóczi (1645–1676) held his wedding with Ilona Zrínyi here. Frances I. Rákóczi and his mother, Zsófia Báthory (1629–1680) had the court church of St. Sophia built to the residential wing of the castle. At the end of the 17th century, the daughter of László Rákóczi, Countess Erdődy neé Countess Erzsébet Rákóczi (1654–1707) born in Zboró, and her second-degree nephew and niece, the children of Frances I. Rákóczi: Prince Frances II. Rákóczi and Princess Julianna Barbara Rákóczi, who lived in Vienna, co-ruled the manor of Zboró. The Princess and her niece were generous donors of the parish of Zborov, Julianna Rákóczi built the St. Anne’s Chapel, which still stands next to the parish church. In 1699, at the end of a lawsuit, Frances II Rákóczi relinquished his share of market town Zborov in favor of his sister, but retained the other dominion shares. After the Rákóczi War of Independence (1703–1711), the prince’s estates were confiscated by the Habsburg government, but the estate of Julianna Rákóczi remained her property and it was inherited by members of the Aspremont Counts’ family. Count Charles Gobert of Aspremont (1720–1749), imperial and royal chamberlain, cavalry general, died on November 9, 1749 in Zboro and was buried in the parish church. At the beginning of the 19th century, the remains of some family members were placed in the crypt of the court church than already dedicated to St. John of Nepomuk by Countess Maria Ottolina Gobertina of Aspremont-Baindt (1787–1866), but the crypt was destroyed after World War I and the humiliated remains by order of the Minister Plenipotentiary for the Administration of Slovensko (Czecho-Slovakia) were reburied in the Zboro Cemetery on May 22, 1920. After the liberation of the serfs, the last Aspremont heiress: Countess György Erdődy, Countess Mária Aspremont (†1866), received landlords’ compensation for serf plots of the Makovica estate, including Zborov. The Erdődys sold their estate and the Zborov Castle at the end of the 19th century, then in 1907 the estate and the manor were bought by the Hungarian state treasury, so the former Rákóczi private estate became state property.
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Zborov and the Rákoczi Family The Zboró/Zborov castle of the huge Makovica dominion in the county of Sáros/Šariš built in the market town of Zboró (today: Zborov, Slovakia) has been the residence of the Rákóczi family and its heirs for... more
Zborov and the Rákoczi Family
The Zboró/Zborov castle of the huge Makovica dominion in the county of Sáros/Šariš built in the market town of Zboró (today: Zborov, Slovakia) has been the residence of the Rákóczi family and its heirs for 300 years. Although the castle was almost completely destroyed in the First World War, the relationship between Zboró and the Rákóczi family can be reconstructed on the basis of archival sources. The Zborov manor house of Serédyek, together with the castle of Makovica was bought by the Reformed religion Zsigmond (Sigismund) Rákóczi (1544–1608; Prince of Transylvania: 1607–1608) from the Polish Prince Janusz Ostrogski (1554–1620) in 1601. His sons, the Catholic Count Pál Rákóczi (1596–1636) and the Protestant Prince George I Rákóczi of Trasylvania, and then the next generations of the two branches of the dinasty shared Castle of Zborov as a residence, George I. Rákóczi and his wife, Susanne Lorántffy, also had a Reformed church built in the castle area in 1630. The main residence of the castle was made by Pál Rákóczi’s son, László (Ladislaus) Rákóczi (1633–1664), his wife, Erzsébet Nagymihály Bánffy, who converted to Catholicism, was also buried in the medieval parish church of Zborov in 1663. In 1661 the princely branch of the Rákóczi family became also Catholic, so from then on, the castle was inhabited only by Catholic Lords. In 1666 Frances I Rákóczi (1645–1676) held his wedding with Ilona Zrínyi here. Frances I. Rákóczi and his mother, Zsófia Báthory (1629–1680) had the court church of St. Sophia built to the residential wing of the castle. At the end of the 17th century, the daughter of László Rákóczi, Countess Erdődy neé Countess Erzsébet Rákóczi (1654–1707) born in Zboró, and her second-degree nephew and niece, the children of Frances I. Rákóczi: Prince Frances II. Rákóczi and Princess Julianna Barbara Rákóczi, who lived in Vienna, co-ruled the manor of Zboró. The Princess and her niece were generous donors of the parish of Zborov, Julianna Rákóczi built the St. Anne’s Chapel, which still stands next to the parish church. In 1699, at the end of a lawsuit, Frances II Rákóczi relinquished his share of market town Zborov in favor of his sister, but retained the other dominion shares. After the Rákóczi War of Independence (1703–1711), the prince’s estates were confiscated by the Habsburg government, but the estate of Julianna Rákóczi remained her property and it was inherited by members of the Aspremont Counts’ family. Count Charles Gobert of Aspremont (1720–1749), imperial and royal chamberlain, cavalry general, died on November 9, 1749 in Zboro and was buried in the parish church. At the beginning of the 19th century, the remains of some family members were placed in the crypt of the court church than already dedicated to St. John of Nepomuk by Countess Maria Ottolina Gobertina of Aspremont-Baindt (1787–1866), but the crypt was destroyed after World War I and the humiliated remains by order of the Minister Plenipotentiary for the Administration of Slovensko (Czecho-Slovakia) were reburied in the Zboro Cemetery on May 22, 1920. After the liberation of the serfs, the last Aspremont heiress: Countess György Erdődy, Countess Mária Aspremont (†1866), received landlords’ compensation for serf plots of the Makovica estate, including Zborov. The Erdődys sold their estate and the Zborov Castle at the end of the 19th century, then in 1907 the estate and the manor were bought by the Hungarian state treasury, so the former Rákóczi private estate became state property.
The Zboró/Zborov castle of the huge Makovica dominion in the county of Sáros/Šariš built in the market town of Zboró (today: Zborov, Slovakia) has been the residence of the Rákóczi family and its heirs for 300 years. Although the castle was almost completely destroyed in the First World War, the relationship between Zboró and the Rákóczi family can be reconstructed on the basis of archival sources. The Zborov manor house of Serédyek, together with the castle of Makovica was bought by the Reformed religion Zsigmond (Sigismund) Rákóczi (1544–1608; Prince of Transylvania: 1607–1608) from the Polish Prince Janusz Ostrogski (1554–1620) in 1601. His sons, the Catholic Count Pál Rákóczi (1596–1636) and the Protestant Prince George I Rákóczi of Trasylvania, and then the next generations of the two branches of the dinasty shared Castle of Zborov as a residence, George I. Rákóczi and his wife, Susanne Lorántffy, also had a Reformed church built in the castle area in 1630. The main residence of the castle was made by Pál Rákóczi’s son, László (Ladislaus) Rákóczi (1633–1664), his wife, Erzsébet Nagymihály Bánffy, who converted to Catholicism, was also buried in the medieval parish church of Zborov in 1663. In 1661 the princely branch of the Rákóczi family became also Catholic, so from then on, the castle was inhabited only by Catholic Lords. In 1666 Frances I Rákóczi (1645–1676) held his wedding with Ilona Zrínyi here. Frances I. Rákóczi and his mother, Zsófia Báthory (1629–1680) had the court church of St. Sophia built to the residential wing of the castle. At the end of the 17th century, the daughter of László Rákóczi, Countess Erdődy neé Countess Erzsébet Rákóczi (1654–1707) born in Zboró, and her second-degree nephew and niece, the children of Frances I. Rákóczi: Prince Frances II. Rákóczi and Princess Julianna Barbara Rákóczi, who lived in Vienna, co-ruled the manor of Zboró. The Princess and her niece were generous donors of the parish of Zborov, Julianna Rákóczi built the St. Anne’s Chapel, which still stands next to the parish church. In 1699, at the end of a lawsuit, Frances II Rákóczi relinquished his share of market town Zborov in favor of his sister, but retained the other dominion shares. After the Rákóczi War of Independence (1703–1711), the prince’s estates were confiscated by the Habsburg government, but the estate of Julianna Rákóczi remained her property and it was inherited by members of the Aspremont Counts’ family. Count Charles Gobert of Aspremont (1720–1749), imperial and royal chamberlain, cavalry general, died on November 9, 1749 in Zboro and was buried in the parish church. At the beginning of the 19th century, the remains of some family members were placed in the crypt of the court church than already dedicated to St. John of Nepomuk by Countess Maria Ottolina Gobertina of Aspremont-Baindt (1787–1866), but the crypt was destroyed after World War I and the humiliated remains by order of the Minister Plenipotentiary for the Administration of Slovensko (Czecho-Slovakia) were reburied in the Zboro Cemetery on May 22, 1920. After the liberation of the serfs, the last Aspremont heiress: Countess György Erdődy, Countess Mária Aspremont (†1866), received landlords’ compensation for serf plots of the Makovica estate, including Zborov. The Erdődys sold their estate and the Zborov Castle at the end of the 19th century, then in 1907 the estate and the manor were bought by the Hungarian state treasury, so the former Rákóczi private estate became state property.
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A VILLAGE OF THE FÜZÉR CASTLE ESTATE IN THE 16–17TH CENTURIES LANDLORDS AND TAXPAYER POPULATION OF FÜZÉRKOMLÓS (ABAÚJ COUNTY, 1567–1700) Füzérkomlós (under a contemporary name: Komlós) remains the village of the Füzér Castle Estate... more
A VILLAGE OF THE FÜZÉR CASTLE ESTATE IN THE 16–17TH CENTURIES LANDLORDS AND TAXPAYER POPULATION OF FÜZÉRKOMLÓS (ABAÚJ COUNTY, 1567–1700)
Füzérkomlós (under a contemporary name: Komlós) remains the village of the Füzér Castle Estate (Dominion) in the Early Modern Ages. After the death of Gabriel Perényi (†1567) as a landlord, the Dominion, including the village of Komlós, passed to Judge Royal Nicholas Báthori de Ecsed (1520–1584), and his brother, George. Under the lordship of the Báthoris, according to Tithe Registers and Tax Censuses, the village of Komlós was a relatively populous settlement in the Kingdom of Hungary, its serfs engaged in both grain growing and wine production. In 1599, 40 heads of families or households gave wine tithe. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Castle Dominion of Füzér, together with its serf villages, came into the possession of one of the most powerful families in Hungary i. e. the Nádasdys. Then after 1670 the Füzér Estate, including the village Komlós, was given the Károlyi de Nagykároly family as a royal donation. The village’s population and partly its economy will remain mostly intact in the 17th century, but population and the productivity of its serfs will decrease by the end of the 17th century. The inhabitants of the village, like the other settlements of the region, already converted to the Reformed religion in the second half of the 16th century, following the spiritual trend of John Calvin (Helvetic reformation). The Reformed pastor, together with Komlós, served in several nearby villages, too. By the end of the 17th century, Komlós will remain a small, yet important village of an aristocraticestate, the new owners of which, the Károlyi Family will not only be good economic managers, but will also play a leading role in national politics of Hungary
Füzérkomlós (under a contemporary name: Komlós) remains the village of the Füzér Castle Estate (Dominion) in the Early Modern Ages. After the death of Gabriel Perényi (†1567) as a landlord, the Dominion, including the village of Komlós, passed to Judge Royal Nicholas Báthori de Ecsed (1520–1584), and his brother, George. Under the lordship of the Báthoris, according to Tithe Registers and Tax Censuses, the village of Komlós was a relatively populous settlement in the Kingdom of Hungary, its serfs engaged in both grain growing and wine production. In 1599, 40 heads of families or households gave wine tithe. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Castle Dominion of Füzér, together with its serf villages, came into the possession of one of the most powerful families in Hungary i. e. the Nádasdys. Then after 1670 the Füzér Estate, including the village Komlós, was given the Károlyi de Nagykároly family as a royal donation. The village’s population and partly its economy will remain mostly intact in the 17th century, but population and the productivity of its serfs will decrease by the end of the 17th century. The inhabitants of the village, like the other settlements of the region, already converted to the Reformed religion in the second half of the 16th century, following the spiritual trend of John Calvin (Helvetic reformation). The Reformed pastor, together with Komlós, served in several nearby villages, too. By the end of the 17th century, Komlós will remain a small, yet important village of an aristocraticestate, the new owners of which, the Károlyi Family will not only be good economic managers, but will also play a leading role in national politics of Hungary
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Attracted by two courts: Antal Verancsics the historiographer Antal Verancsics (Antonius Verantius) was considered to be a humanist literary man and historiographer both in his own age and by modern posterity, despite the fact, that his... more
Attracted by two courts: Antal Verancsics the historiographer
Antal Verancsics (Antonius Verantius) was considered to be a humanist literary man and historiographer both in his own age and by modern posterity, despite the fact, that his historical work was not published in his lifetime. His literary output in print was limited to small occasional “opuscula”, and the planned historical opus, in which he wanted to write the history of Hungary from the death of King Matthias I Corvinus to his own time, remained unfinished in manuscript. Verancsics also served as a
political actor, a diplomat, and a high priest in the two hostile royal courts, i.e. in Transylvania and in the court of the Habsburg king of the Hungarian Kingdom. However, he wrote most of the chapters of his planned historical work before 1549, still in the Transylvanian court of the Szapolyais, and he did not correct these manuscripts in the service of the Hungarian king and at the Viennese court. Although his attitude as a politician and his worldview changed radically after switching sides, and moving to another land, he did not want to (or could not) enforce this change in his historical work, which remained truncated and unfinished. Although Verancsics was a court man, a real courtier, as he
completed his career in the royal courts, he cannot be considered a true court historian, as his work remained unfinished and his manuscripts could not reach the rulers. And, thus, neither King Ferdinand
I nor King John Szapolyai or his Transylvanian heirs could use them in their courtly representation.
Antal Verancsics (Antonius Verantius) was considered to be a humanist literary man and historiographer both in his own age and by modern posterity, despite the fact, that his historical work was not published in his lifetime. His literary output in print was limited to small occasional “opuscula”, and the planned historical opus, in which he wanted to write the history of Hungary from the death of King Matthias I Corvinus to his own time, remained unfinished in manuscript. Verancsics also served as a
political actor, a diplomat, and a high priest in the two hostile royal courts, i.e. in Transylvania and in the court of the Habsburg king of the Hungarian Kingdom. However, he wrote most of the chapters of his planned historical work before 1549, still in the Transylvanian court of the Szapolyais, and he did not correct these manuscripts in the service of the Hungarian king and at the Viennese court. Although his attitude as a politician and his worldview changed radically after switching sides, and moving to another land, he did not want to (or could not) enforce this change in his historical work, which remained truncated and unfinished. Although Verancsics was a court man, a real courtier, as he
completed his career in the royal courts, he cannot be considered a true court historian, as his work remained unfinished and his manuscripts could not reach the rulers. And, thus, neither King Ferdinand
I nor King John Szapolyai or his Transylvanian heirs could use them in their courtly representation.
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A kutatas alapjaul szolgalo digitalizalt es adatbazissal ellatott forraskiadvanyt 2004-ben CD-ROM-on, illetve az erdelyi fejedelmek osszes okleveleit 2005-ben DVD-ROM formaban jelentettem meg. A cimeradomanyok motivumvizsgalata-ra... more
A kutatas alapjaul szolgalo digitalizalt es adatbazissal ellatott forraskiadvanyt 2004-ben CD-ROM-on, illetve az erdelyi fejedelmek osszes okleveleit 2005-ben DVD-ROM formaban jelentettem meg. A cimeradomanyok motivumvizsgalata-ra vonatkozo OTKA-kutatast vegul a teljes forrast tartalmazo DVD alapjan ke-szitettem el. A kozel 140 evet felolelő oklevelgyűjtemenyben kb. 1780 cimerleirast tartalmazo oklevelet talaltam, amelyeket EXCEL software segitsegevel fel-allitott adatbazis (1784 rekord, kozel 30 ezer mező) alapjan statisztikai modsze-rekkel vizsgaltam. A kutatas atfogo kepet adott az erdelyi cimernyerők es a feje-delmi heraldika legkedveltebb cimerkepeiről, s igy a torokkori erdelyi tarsada-lom feltorekvő retegenek izleseről, mentalitasarol, a kor heraldikai mintairol, nem egyszer pedig a termeszeti kornyezet es korabeli mindennapi elet jelensege-iről is. A cimerabrak ikonografiaja (katonak, pancelos felkar, fegyverek stb.) is igazolja az Erdelyi Fejedelemseg tarsadalmanak militarizalt jelleget, a katona-elemek nagy es egyre novekvő sulyat, ugyanakkor ramutat bizonyos ertelmisegi retegek, mint a kancellariai tisztviselők, irnokok, illetve a papok, főkent a reformatus lelkeszek cimeradomanyosok kozotti felulreprezentaltsagara, es bizonyitja, hogy az irnoki munka egyertelmű jelkepe es jelvenye az irotoll volt, mig a papi reteg szinte kivetel nelkul sajat magat mintaztatta meg cimereben ima vagy predikacio kozben. A kutatas heraldikai es ikonografiai eredmenyei mellett novumokat hozott a 16-17. szazadi viselettortenet, hadtortenet (főkent anyagi kultura), illetve a korabeli kezművesseg kutatasat illetően is. | At the very beginning of the research a DVD was published on Transylvanian Princes' Libri Regii (register transcribed by the chancellor) containing 10 thousands of charters on 14 thousands pages. Among them there are 1784 grants of armour which served the basis of an EXCEL data-base about emblems. Iconography of these emblems showed the Transylvanian society highly militarized in the early modern ages. Most of the emblems inscribed on the charters design soldiers, armament, and a special Hungarian heraldic motif: cut arm, which represent the new nobleman himself. There are many coats of arms granted for intellectuals, as clerks (chancellary-writers) and priests, so as for craftsmen picturing them in the exercise of their duties. The data-base granted new facts about history of fashion, military history and mentality of Transylvania during the Turkish era.
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The Drawings of Terézia Pulszky and Malwida Von Meysenbug Made in Emigration to England (Ventnor and Surroundings, Isle of Wight, 1855–1856) The two female authors, Theresa (Terézia) Pulszky and Malwida von Meysenbug met by chance in... more
The Drawings of Terézia Pulszky and Malwida Von Meysenbug Made in Emigration to England (Ventnor and Surroundings, Isle of Wight, 1855–1856)
The two female authors, Theresa (Terézia) Pulszky and Malwida von Meysenbug met by chance in 1850, but later as émigrés in London made a good friendship. The wife of Forty-Eighter politician Ferenc Pulszky and the governess of Russian emigrant Alexander Herzen’s daughters spent some late summers together and with ex-Governor Louis (Lajos) Kossuth between 1855 and 1859 in Ventnor on the Isle of Wight. During the holidays in Ventnor Mrs Pulszky and Miss Meysenbug as passionate artists made several drawings of the resort and the
coastal landscape with its attractions. Miss Meysenbug’s drawings were recently discovered in a collection in Amsterdam, while Mrs Pulszky’s drawings, preserved in the National Széchényi Library, Budapest now appear for the first time in a publication. Among the drawings of Theresa Pulszky is the depiction of Berkshire Villa, Ventnor, which was the holiday home of the Pulszky family in 1854, and the same is of the emigrant Governor’s Louis Kossuth next year. [translated by the author.
The two female authors, Theresa (Terézia) Pulszky and Malwida von Meysenbug met by chance in 1850, but later as émigrés in London made a good friendship. The wife of Forty-Eighter politician Ferenc Pulszky and the governess of Russian emigrant Alexander Herzen’s daughters spent some late summers together and with ex-Governor Louis (Lajos) Kossuth between 1855 and 1859 in Ventnor on the Isle of Wight. During the holidays in Ventnor Mrs Pulszky and Miss Meysenbug as passionate artists made several drawings of the resort and the
coastal landscape with its attractions. Miss Meysenbug’s drawings were recently discovered in a collection in Amsterdam, while Mrs Pulszky’s drawings, preserved in the National Széchényi Library, Budapest now appear for the first time in a publication. Among the drawings of Theresa Pulszky is the depiction of Berkshire Villa, Ventnor, which was the holiday home of the Pulszky family in 1854, and the same is of the emigrant Governor’s Louis Kossuth next year. [translated by the author.
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It is a less known fact that in the Jewish cemeteries in Oradea, Romania (German: Gorßwardein, Hungarian: Nagyvárad) and Miskolc (Hungary), there are graves of rabbis where the bodies of two brothers lie. In Oradea, it is Rabbi Feish... more
It is a less known fact that in the Jewish cemeteries in Oradea, Romania (German: Gorßwardein, Hungarian: Nagyvárad) and Miskolc (Hungary), there are graves of rabbis where the bodies of two brothers lie. In Oradea, it is Rabbi Feish Wiener (d. 1803) in the Venetian Jewish cemetery (Cimitirul Evreiesc Ortodox din Velenṭa), opened in 1801, while in Miskolc, it is Rabbi Abraham Wiener Posselburg (d. 1832) in the Jewish cemetery established in the mid 18 th century. Their father, Rabbi Asher Anshel Wiener (cca. 1720-1800) was the rabbi of the Gemeinde (community) of Town Miskolc and Borsod County as early as in 1774. He died in Miskolc at the age of 80, and his grave is now a pilgrimage site. Rabbi Wiener of Miskolc (Mischkoltz) was presumably the descendant of the famous Wiener family of Prague, who were of Viennese origin. One of his ancestors, Ascher Anschel Wiener-Spiro was president and chief rabbi of the rabbinate of the Zigeunersynagoge in Prague. After his death in 1714, he was buried in the old Jewish cemetery of Prague. Tradition has it that the master of Rabbi Wiener of Miskolc was the renowned Talmudist, rabbi in Altona-Hamburg-Wandsbeck, Jonathan Eybeschütz (1690-1764). Rabbi Wiener of Miskolc was well over 50 when he settled in the market town Miskolc, the seat of Borsod County. We do not know where he had acted before. His grandchild, the famous Tzaddik of Csenger, Asher Anshel Jungreis/Jungreisz (1806-1872) preserved the memory of his grandfather, the learned rabbi of Miskolc. The memory of the famous Wiener rabbinical family was also preserved in Oradea. It is interesting that in Miskolc, there was no cult of the Wieners in spite of the fact that Rabbi Asher Anshel Wiener's son, Abraham Wiener Posselburg (d. 1832) was the rabbi of the town of Miskolc and Borsod county for 30 years, and his grandchild, David Weiner/Wiener also held the position of dayan after his father, Abraham Posselburg's death.