Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The high level of complexity of financial services means that the need to protect the interests of clients of financial market entities is an important social issue. The disproportion in the level of knowledge of products available on the... more
The high level of complexity of financial services means that the need to protect the interests of clients of financial market entities is an important social issue. The disproportion in the level of knowledge of products available on the financial market between professionals and their clients and the lack of standardization of detailed rules for examining complaints by financial market entities were the basis for establishing the Office of the Financial Ombudsman. The aim of the study is to present and evaluate the legislative process accompanying the adoption of the Act of August 5, 2015 and to express a position on the legitimacy of establishing and functioning of the Financial Ombudsman institution in the Polish legal system. To achieve the assumed goal, the method of analyzing parliamentary documents was used, illustrating the complexity and detailed nature of parliamentary work aimed at the comprehensive formation of an institution guarding the interests of clients of financi...
Research Interests:
An institution often associated with the concept of the local government electoral system is the demographic norm, which marks the boundary between the majority and proportional systems. The aim of this article was the analysis and... more
An institution often associated with the concept of the local government electoral system is the demographic norm, which marks the boundary between the majority and proportional systems. The aim of this article was the analysis and evaluation of the course of legislative work devoted to the inclusion of the demographic norm in elections to municipal councils under the Electoral Code. The analysis allows for the assumption that the current model of appointing municipal councils is a compromise solution, partly taking into account the arguments of the supporters of the principle of majority and proportionality.
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The barrier clause is an institution of special importance in the context of the proportional system. The aim of this article is to present and evaluate the course of parliamentary work accompanying the transformation of the concept of... more
The barrier clause is an institution of special importance in the context of the proportional system. The aim of this article is to present and evaluate the course of parliamentary work accompanying the transformation of the concept of the prohibition clause in the elections to municipal councils in 1990–2018. The research carried out on the basis of the formal-dogmatic method allows us to assume that the position of the dominant political forces on the application and level of the election threshold in local elections was characterized by considerable variability, showing connections with the lack of a clearly crystallized view on the shape of the electoral system in the strict sense of the organs constituting the basic level of local government.
Research Interests:
The construct of parliamentary formal immunity has so far been the subject of five bills amending the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, provoking discussion on the desirability of maintaining the immunity in the Polish political... more
The construct of parliamentary formal immunity has so far been the subject of five bills amending the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, provoking discussion on the desirability of maintaining the immunity in the Polish political system. The purpose of this study is to present the basic hypotheses of the changes proposed in this area and to analyze the arguments raised for and against the continued validity of Art. 105 section 3 of the Polish Constitution in its current wording. To illustrate the course of parliamentary work on limiting the protection of the MPs, a representative example, accumulating classic elements of discussions on the legitimacy of changes in the formal approach to parliamentary immunity, was used as a study of the legislative process accompanying print No. 433/VI cad.