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The Del E. Webb School of Construction (DEWSC) at Arizona State University has taken the initiative to transform the curriculum by evolving a method of instruction that includes more collaborative hands-on instructional methods. Courses... more
The Del E. Webb School of Construction (DEWSC) at Arizona State University has taken the initiative to transform the curriculum by evolving a method of instruction that includes more collaborative hands-on instructional methods. Courses taught in a traditional classroom setting are useful but not always the best learning environment. Transitioning to a collaborative method of teaching has transformed the physical layout of the classroom; in lieu of rows of desks and chairs, a Virtual Construction and Collaboration Lab (VCL) was developed. The space planning program for the VCL called for features that would stimulate group work and conversations with supporting tools and technology. Based on a literature review, VCL was developed as a pod-based scenario, with movable furniture allowing for changing the environment for the particular task. In the VCL classroom, collaboration takes the form of group assignments centered on virtual construction activities. Utilizing Building Informatio...
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Research Interests: Engineering and Cleanroom
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This paper examines the process of constructing modular EIFS (exterior insulation and finish system) panelized wall assemblies in a manufacturing environment. The research observed the preparation required, manufacturing procedures... more
This paper examines the process of constructing modular EIFS (exterior insulation and finish system) panelized wall assemblies in a manufacturing environment. The research observed the preparation required, manufacturing procedures applied, measured task times at dedicated work stations and identified bottlenecks that factor into the comprehensive approach to planning and building the exterior envelope off-site. The paper summarizes the results of 70,000 SF of EIFS panels manufactured over 70 days in a 110,000 SF facility located in Tempe, AZ. The benefits (quality control, safety, labour efficiency) and challenges (transportation, hoisting, and cost) in relationship to the traditional construction requirements for in-place EIFS systems is also analysed in this paper.
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Cost and schedule are two of the most critical aspects of a construction project challenging managers for constant improvement of delivery processes. The rapid pace with which the semiconductor industry is growing, cost and time of a... more
Cost and schedule are two of the most critical aspects of a construction project challenging managers for constant improvement of delivery processes. The rapid pace with which the semiconductor industry is growing, cost and time of a semiconductor manufacturing become the key factors to the success of the semiconductor manufacturer. Knowledge of the time required for construction of a fab, the speed of construction, and its impact on cost are significant factors that determine the marketability of the product in terms of the time frame associated with the product. No literature is currently available that can quantify the average cost and time required for construction of a facility based on size, throughput, capacity and complexity of the systems etc. Moreover, no study is done on the relative cost and time trade-off using design-build and design-bid-build project delivery approaches, which plays a significant role as a fab construction project is highly time driven.
Research Interests: Engineering, Construction, Benchmarking, Cost Engineering, Surveys, and 3 moreSchedule, Pace, and Lead Time
The popularity of Building Information Modeling (BIM) as an integral concept in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industries has motivated its necessary inclusion in Construction Management (CM) education. Implementing... more
The popularity of Building Information Modeling (BIM) as an integral concept in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industries has motivated its necessary inclusion in Construction Management (CM) education. Implementing BIM as a mainstream, elective or integrated subject within an established undergraduate curriculum is challenging due to limitations such as available teaching time, knowledge retention in students and the flexibility of the curriculum to adapt with a fast developing technology. Pedagogy must combine fundamental learning of theory, practical experience and the use of technology in a collaborative environment to effectively implement BIM. Vertical integration is one such method that was implemented and evaluated to promote BIM education in the undergraduate Construction Management program at Arizona State University. This article discusses the evolution of the BIM curriculum and focuses on the vertical integration of upper-division and lower-division students for a Site Logistics assignment to improve upon the BIM education continuum. Evaluation and surveys revealed that this methodology increased the appreciation for learning BIM, promoted the use of BIM tools for in-class projects and created an understanding of the importance of information management.
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The concept of “Green” building has been heightened in significance due to concerns regarding the world’s climate. This “Green” concept is increasingly accepted throughout the world and its impact is being felt in different sectors of the... more
The concept of “Green” building has been heightened in significance due to concerns regarding the world’s climate. This “Green” concept is increasingly accepted throughout the world and its impact is being felt in different sectors of the construction industry. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), developed by the U.S. Green Building Council, is a standard to rate different facility types relative to optimizing energy and environmental performance. Semiconductor manufacturing facilities, commonly referred to as ‘Fabs’, are special construction projects. LEED for New Construction (LEED NC) has been used to assess performance of resource intensive facilities, but modifications and improvements to the current LEED rating system are needed to help better define and construct high performing resource intensive facilities. This paper outlines a foundation for defining the parameters to help develop resource efficient facilities. This includes understanding the resource requirements of the semiconductors manufacturing facilities and how they differ from other facilities in terms of water and energy requirements. It identifies potential areas that need to be addressed when developing criteria to rate resource intensive facilities.
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This paper reviews the sustainability initiative enacted by a Phoenix General Contractor and how the initiative transformed the procedure used for document distribution on a 750,000 SF healthcare facility. The research identified how a... more
This paper reviews the sustainability initiative enacted by a Phoenix General Contractor and how the initiative transformed the procedure used for document distribution on a 750,000 SF healthcare facility. The research identified how a simple workflow modification substantially improved the documentation management for the construction team, impact project quality and efficiency. The methodology used through a Building Information Modeling file sharing website enhanced document distribution and control, reducing costs and staffing typically associated with document control.
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To assist in understanding the impact of codes and standards on advanced technology facilities, CREATE, a research consortium at Arizona State University, has developed a Codes and Standards Resource Tool that compiles all the major codes... more
To assist in understanding the impact of codes and standards on advanced technology facilities, CREATE, a research consortium at Arizona State University, has developed a Codes and Standards Resource Tool that compiles all the major codes and standards used in the semiconductor industry for the design and construction of a semiconductor fabrication facility. This resource tool is web-based to allow access to the information at any time and any place. Links to other pertinent websites are provided to allow access to related material on various cleanroom and semiconductor issues to improve the design and construction process. A compendium of alternative means and methods is also available that will assist the design and construction team when it is difficult or impossible to comply with the codes exactly as prescribed and an alternate means of compliance must be found.
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The contemporary philosophy of Sustainability is based on three concerns of human ecology: economy, environment, and social equity. The trend today is to make this tri-dimensional concept into a more useable science. Industries generally... more
The contemporary philosophy of Sustainability is based on three concerns of human ecology: economy, environment, and social equity. The trend today is to make this tri-dimensional concept into a more useable science. Industries generally have well-defined mechanisms for operating under the Economic aspect. While most of them, including construction, have different methods for comprehending the dynamics of the environmental aspect, progress on the social front has been mostly inadequate. This paper focuses on the social aspect of Sustainability in the context of the construction industry and will explore various issues in the life cycle that impacts the applicability of the Sustainability philosophy in general or its social agenda in particular. A case study of an advanced technology facility project catalogues how social sustainability can be part of the project life-cycle through a framework for understanding, formulating and benchmarking the social issues in construction. This research is limited by the case study approach in the Advanced Technology Facility sector, but does provide insight into how social sustainability can affect project outcomes.
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The concept of “Green” building has attained heightened significance due to reported degradation in the world’s climate. This “Green” concept is finding increased acceptability throughout the world and its importance is even being... more
The concept of “Green” building has attained heightened significance due to reported degradation in the world’s climate. This “Green” concept is finding increased acceptability throughout the world and its importance is even being recognized in different sectors of the construction industry. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), developed by the US Green Building Council, is a criteria developed to rate different types of construction and has achieved success in optimizing the energy and environmental performance of various types of facilities. High Performance Facilities, such as semiconductors manufacturing facilities, data centers, and healthcare, are special construction projects with regard to this concept. LEED for Building Construction and Design (LEED BC+D) has been used for assessing the performance of resource use in facilities, but modifications and improvements to the current LEED rating system are needed to help define and construct high performance, resource intensive facilities. This paper outlines a foundation for defining the parameters to help develop resource efficient facilities, specifically semiconductor fabrication facilities. This includes understanding the resource requirements of the semiconductors manufacturing facilities and how they differ from other facilities in terms of water and energy requirements, and in design and construction techniques. It identifies areas to address when developing criteria to rate facilities that are resource intensive. This framework could be extended to data centers and healthcare facilities.
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There are many benefits of building information modeling (BIM) to the construction industry when compared to the traditional approach to design and construction. To properly prepare students, many schools are introducing BIM in their... more
There are many benefits of building information modeling (BIM) to the construction industry when compared to the traditional approach to design and construction. To properly prepare students, many schools are introducing BIM in their coursework as a response to the current and future needs of the construction industry. The aim of this research was to evaluate the current implementation of BIM and to identify trends in the teaching of BIM in architecture and construction academic programs. A survey that investigated the implementation of BIM into accredited programs in architecture and construction education was sent to architecture and construction schools in the U.S. The survey results indicated that most architecture and construction schools either have an interest in or have already implemented BIM into their curriculum. The majority of the schools expected students to have a basic knowledge of BIM upon graduation; perceived BIM as important to industry; and planned to fully integrate BIM into their curriculum. The results show that more architecture than construction schools have implemented BIM into their curriculum. Construction schools were more likely to use four-dimensional (4D) and five-dimensional (5D) models in teaching construction scheduling and estimating when compared to architecture schools.
Research Interests: Engineering, Education, Architecture, Construction Management, Engineering Management, and 12 moreBuilding Information Modeling, Scheduling, Accreditation, Construction Industry, Curriculum, Bim, Building Construction, Construction Engineering, Coursework, Building Information Model, Construction Education, and Estimating
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The world is no longer comprised of isolated pockets of communities, but now has become an interdependent web that spans the entire globe. Training must be able to reach across the globe to provide a worldwide training solution. As... more
The world is no longer comprised of isolated pockets of communities, but now has become an interdependent web that spans the entire globe. Training must be able to reach across the globe to provide a worldwide training solution. As companies span the globe, education for their employees must do the same. This is a case study combining design, construction and facility management concepts for advanced technology facilities using web-based technologies. This method provides student’s access to receive the necessary training while being available at the work site for their companies. It incorporates Project Based Learning (PBL) to provide students a safe environment to experiment, create and sometimes fail, while allowing the opportunity to think, discover, and most importantly, learn. Technology allows combining online and face to face education for optimal learning. Current research indicates students retain 75% of the information presented when they are engaged and learning by doing...
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The National Technology Roadmop for Semi-conductors indicates that the gr0'Nth of the advanced technology factory cost is creating on exponential grovvth in factory investment risk. ~nogement techniques are needed to help reduce that... more
The National Technology Roadmop for Semi-conductors indicates that the gr0'Nth of the advanced technology factory cost is creating on exponential grovvth in factory investment risk. ~nogement techniques are needed to help reduce that investment risk. Constructabiffty implementation, if performed right. is a management concept that has been shown to reduce construction costs by 10 to 20 times its implementation cost. A corporate and project level constructability implementation program was developed by the Construction Industry Institute (CII) to help integrate construction knowledge with engineering, beginning at project inception. This article provides an historical base describing the development of constructobi5ty, constructabifity program criteria, and the constructabmty review process. KONSTRUKSIE·KUNDIGHEID: DIE SLEUTEL TOT 'N VERLAGING IN BELEGGINGSRISIKO Die Notional Technology Roadmop for Semi-conductors in die VSA vestig die aandag op aanwysers ten opsigte van gevo...
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The CREATE Codes and Standards Resource for semiconductor facility design, construction, and commissioning is an effort to compile all codes and standards relevant to the semiconductor industry. The CREATE Codes and Standards Resource is... more
The CREATE Codes and Standards Resource for semiconductor facility design, construction, and commissioning is an effort to compile all codes and standards relevant to the semiconductor industry. The CREATE Codes and Standards Resource is designed to easily guide the semiconductor EHS professional through the various codes, standards, and specifications that have a direct impact on the facilities, both in the operations and on the individuals. Links to other known resources, as well as topics that should be considered from an EHS standpoint, are available in a web-based portal for ease of access and for dissemination of the data.
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The semiconductor industry is a high capital investment industry with the cost of a single completely equipped semiconductor manufacturing facility reaching $2.0 billion. A delay in the operation of the facility can cause the manufacturer... more
The semiconductor industry is a high capital investment industry with the cost of a single completely equipped semiconductor manufacturing facility reaching $2.0 billion. A delay in the operation of the facility can cause the manufacturer a loss of millions of dollars worth of opportunity cost and a share of the market. Thus, semiconductor facility owners want their facilities built quicker, at lower cost, and with higher quality standards. However, the exchangeable knowledge of the project cost and project delivery time associated with the construction of semiconductor facilities nationwide is still in the preliminary stage. One major hindrance to the exchangeable knowledge of the project cost and delivery time is the lack of standard definitions to serve as a base for an industry-wide comparison that will allow owners, designers, engineers, and constructors to make decisions at a very early stage of the projects. The purpose of this research is to overcome the segregation of the e...
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The construction industry is continuing to face the challenge of properly identifying existing underground utilities prior to engaging in new construction or renovation projects. Contractors need to know the precise location of existing... more
The construction industry is continuing to face the challenge of properly identifying existing underground utilities prior to engaging in new construction or renovation projects. Contractors need to know the precise location of existing underground utilities to increase the efficiency of the construction process and to reduce the likelihood of utility strike and interruptions. This research outlines a methodology to assist field personnel in the collection of underground utility location data that can be accomplished accurately and consistently, in a minimal amount of time, with less effort, while maintaining safety protocols. This novel process aims to create a framework to develop a permanent data collection and storage solution. The research examined various methodologies to improve the positional accuracy of underground utilities through integration of global positioning systems and laser technology. The integrated technology was tested in both a controlled environment and under actual construction fi...
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The U.S. continues to face the challenge of correctly identifying underground utilities before beginning a construction project. Having accurately mapped utilities and knowing their location will increase efficiency in the construction... more
The U.S. continues to face the challenge of correctly identifying underground utilities before beginning a construction project. Having accurately mapped utilities and knowing their location will increase efficiency in the construction process, reducing accidents and utility interruptions. A methodology to integrate Global Positioning System (GPS) and laser technology will be outlined. This process will assist field technicians in collecting underground utility field location data, accurately and consistently, in a minimal amount of time, with less effort, while maintaining maximum safety. It will also form a framework to develop a permanent data solution in which data collected can be stored in a database and retrieved in a three dimensional geo-referenced map for future use. This research focused on utilities which were installed using an open trench method. The integrated technology was tested under construction field conditions. The results of the research indicate that utility data can be collected quickly and cost effectively through this process. The positional accuracy of underground utilities was mapped in three dimensions (3D) within ± 0.45m accuracy.
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This paper discusses water reclaim opportunities as a viable means of ensuring the future water needs of the microelectronics industry. Escalating factory costs; increased burdens on municipal infrastructure; governmental compliance; an... more
This paper discusses water reclaim opportunities as a viable means of ensuring the future water needs of the microelectronics industry. Escalating factory costs; increased burdens on municipal infrastructure; governmental compliance; an awareness of limited resource availability to sustain a young, rapidly changing industry; a need to control escalating capital costs and investment risk; and the need to deliver new, expanded, and re-equipped semiconductor factories faster underscore the importance of developing a greater understanding and a more widespread implementation of process wastewater reclaim in the semiconductor industry. Water reclaim is important in semiconductor fabrication facilities and is supported by environmental, technology, regulatory, and economic issues. Water reclaim is possible and possesses potential for wide spread implementation in new and existing factory design. It can also be accomplished within the limits of available technologies and can be cost effective when considerations are given to the operational savings inherent in consumption and discharge reduction. In this paper a general water reclaim system is developed with system descriptions, diagrams, and flow analysis for a niche market fab.
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A new semiconductor facility project can take four years to build, install production tools and start manufacturing. With the current market competition, companies target facility completion within 18 months. Projects are typically... more
A new semiconductor facility project can take four years to build, install production tools and start manufacturing. With the current market competition, companies target facility completion within 18 months. Projects are typically planned using a traditional scheduling methodology where successor activities start when the predecessors are finished, resulting in zero float in the schedule. Any delay can have a domino impact on the completion date. Often during the 18 months facility schedule, the owner will continue to adjust their end date and facility scope due to market demand. These changes can modify the contract scope and schedule causing the project team to lose sight of the project priories and lower their efficiency, passing accountability to the owner. In order to increase accountability and focus on the correct priorities a Key Date Matrix (KDM) was developed. The KDM improves the communication between different project teams, identifying and re-sequencing scope, quickly defining risk between the execution schedule versus need date for the activities. This was demonstrated to increase contractor accountability as 98% of the planned schedule was completed on time.
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Semiconductor manufacturing facilities are very complex and capital intensive. Construction of these facilities often involves high levels of uncertainty, strict spending limits, aggressive schedules and fast track construction. Different... more
Semiconductor manufacturing facilities are very complex and capital intensive. Construction of these facilities often involves high levels of uncertainty, strict spending limits, aggressive schedules and fast track construction. Different disciplines generate and require a tremendous amount of building and manufacturing process information to support decisions that enable the successful design, construction and operation of these advanced facilities. In the highly fragmented construction industry, a majority of the information and processes throughout the life cycle are neither integrated nor interoperable and result in a high degree of redundancy. The semiconductor manufacturing industry in its constant quest to minimize the cost of these facilities and speed project delivery to match production to meet the available market window is implementing Building Information Modeling (BIM) to achieve these goals. This research focused on building an interoperable tool model to characterize the information exchange necessary between base build construction and tool installation in a semiconductor manufacturing facility. It examined existing standards to facilitate the data exchange process and standard development needed to assist in implementing intelligent facility and tool models. Information modeling for a semiconductor manufacturing facility is unique in that it is a process model (Tool Information Model) within a building model (Building Information Model), each supported more robustly by different interoperability standards. To facilitate flow of information between the different domains a mapping of the industry standards must be undertaken and translators developed for business use.
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The number of public–private partnership (P3) projects in North America has increased significantly since the early 1990s, as policy makers and transportation officials seek alternative methods to supplement traditional funding sources to... more
The number of public–private partnership (P3) projects in North America has increased significantly since the early 1990s, as policy makers and transportation officials seek alternative methods to supplement traditional funding sources to finance and deliver projects. Scholars have compared the cost and schedule overruns of P3 projects against publicly funded projects in mature P3 markets in Europe, but not in the North American market. This paper begins filling that gap by comparing the cost- and schedule-overrun results of 12 completed large-scale (greater than ~US$90 million) P3 highway projects in North America with previous research studies reporting on large-scale design–bid–build (DBB) or design–build (DB) highway projects. P3 project performance data were collected through interviews with project executives, and then findings were used from previous studies of traditional projects for comparative benchmarking data. Research results indicate that the P3 sample cost overruns a...
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Highway infrastructure management requires enabling computer tools to facilitate the decision-making process. A decision support system (DSS) for one of the nine districts in the Commonwealth of Virginia was developed through the... more
Highway infrastructure management requires enabling computer tools to facilitate the decision-making process. A decision support system (DSS) for one of the nine districts in the Commonwealth of Virginia was developed through the application of System Dynamics concepts. The DSS has three major components: a highway management system, a management information system, and a results presentation system. The highway management system is the backbone of the DSS and includes a pavement management system and a bridge management system. It is used to simulate the dynamics of infrastructure deterioration and maintenance. Through evaluation of measures of effectiveness, it assesses the effectiveness of budget allocation policies to the maintenance activities of different roads and bridges. The management information system is used to calibrate the DSS by documenting over 250 parameters. The results presentation system is used to display a measure of effectiveness against one or two decision parameters in two- or three-dimensional charts, respectively. The DSS is thus a tool to enable the formulation, interpretation, and implementation of highway maintenance policies.
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Comprehensive Level of Service: Needed Approach for Civil Infrastructure Systems. [Journal of Infrastructure Systems 3, 143 (1997)]. Allan D. Chasey, Jesus M. de la Garza, Donald R. Drew. Abstract. Levels of Service for infrastructure ...
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The cost of constructing and tooling a semiconductor facility, which is currently more than $1 billion, is expected to double by the year 2000, driving semiconductor chip manufacturers to adopt strategies to minimize cost to maximize the... more
The cost of constructing and tooling a semiconductor facility, which is currently more than $1 billion, is expected to double by the year 2000, driving semiconductor chip manufacturers to adopt strategies to minimize cost to maximize the return on investment. What seems to be an inevitable transition to the larger, 300-mm wafer will have a widespread impact with massive economic implications. Preliminary tool designs and process approach standards suggest increased automation of material handling and storage systems, increases in utility consumption, tool height and weight requirements, and schedule compression. Moreover, the contamination sensitivity of the 300-mm wafer might require modification in the fab construction protocol, which in turn could affect labor productivity. Such changes will have a significant impact on construction methods, materials, and management techniques. This paper discusses the key areas in which research is necessary, focusing mainly on issues that have the maximum impact on design and construction of 300-mm fabs. While not providing solutions, this paper is intended to act as a catalyst for further research as 300-mm technology moves closer to becoming a reality.
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This paper describes the development of a framework and methodology to use dynamic simulation to understand and help quantify the impact of deferred maintenance on a highway system and the effect on user and non‐user benefits. This type... more
This paper describes the development of a framework and methodology to use dynamic simulation to understand and help quantify the impact of deferred maintenance on a highway system and the effect on user and non‐user benefits. This type of simulation allows the testing of policies and/or assumptions to gain insight into the problem solution. With this framework, better structured decisions can be made on utilizing scarce resources to provide for an area’s total infrastructure needs. Using the simulation model, policy decisions regarding deferring maintenance can be viewed for their impact over time, thus affecting the decision‐making process. A hypothetical region is used to demonstrate the use of the framework, and possible measures of effectiveness, such as total net benefits per capita, revenues less expenditures, and benefit–cost ratio, are introduced that could be utilized to help decision‐makers understand the impact of funding decisions. The dynamic modeling framework can the...