- Sudan-Dongola, University of Dongola
- 00249911428013, 00966554917912
- Consultative expert (Associate Professor) in environmental toxicology, Ph.D. in Applied Toxicology (Department of Pes... moreConsultative expert (Associate Professor) in environmental toxicology, Ph.D. in Applied Toxicology (Department of Pesticides and Toxicology), with applied practical experience in research, studies, training, and conference organization. In addition to teaching at universities in the fields of pesticides, toxicology, agricultural pest control, and vectors of medical and veterinary diseases, I have experience in managing student affairs and external relations, and I have practical experience in analyzing pesticide residues using chromatographic analysis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and training in pesticide residue analysis, quality, and occupational safetyedit
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Covid-19 is a highly infectious viral disease, which threaten human life and public safety. Recently has been identified as global health emergency. This study aimed to determine seroprevelance of COVID-19 among health care workers (HCWs)... more
Covid-19 is a highly infectious viral disease, which threaten human life and public safety. Recently has been identified as global health emergency. This study aimed to determine seroprevelance of COVID-19 among health care workers (HCWs) in northern state, from May 2020 to June 2021. A total of 394 serum samples randomly selected for this cross-sectional study. Participants were screened for COVID-19 antibodies (IgG) using SARS CoV-2 antibody test (Lateral Flow Method). Demographic data were collected using structured questionnaire. The risk analysis identified independent predictors of COVID-19 seroprevelance. The overall seroprevelance was found 1.77%. High prevalence was found among laboratory workers (52/ 6%) and more males (156/3.2%) were affected than females (238/0.8%). Moreover, age was found as a major risk factor and the median age of infection is around 50 years. Considering rapid growth and high transmissibility of the virus, it would be important to encourage all efforts to protect HCWs, in order to maintain health care system.
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state, Sudan (Latitude15° 40` N and Longitude 32° 23` E,) to evaluate two botanical aqueousextracts (Neem leaves, Heglig seeds) and three levels of nitrogen on S.hermonthica incidence and growth and yield of wheat. Combined analysis of... more
state, Sudan (Latitude15° 40` N and Longitude 32° 23` E,) to evaluate two botanical aqueousextracts (Neem leaves, Heglig seeds) and three levels of nitrogen on S.hermonthica incidence and growth and yield of wheat. Combined analysis of both winter seasons showed that Striga emergence increased with the increasing number of weeks after sowing, Neem 10%, Heglig 10% and Nitrogen 80 lb/fed., were the best treatments which achieved significantly lowest number of Striga emergence, lowest Striga shoot fresh weight (g)/plant, shoot dry weight (g)/plant. and gave comparable to that obtained by the Striga free control. Neem 10% and nitrogen at 80 lb/fed., were the best treatments which achieved significantly highest wheat shoot fresh weight (g)/plant, shoot dry weight (g)/ plant and gave comparable to that obtained by Striga free control treatment. Nitrogen at 80 lb/fed.Only the best treatment, which achieved the highest number of tillers/plants and gave comparable to that obtained by Striga free control treatment. Neem 10% and nitrogen at 80 lb/fed., significantly increased wheat plant height (cm) and they were the best treatments, which achieved comparable to that obtained by the Striga free control treatment. A combined analysis of both winter seasons indicated that Striga significantly reduced wheat grain yield by 14.58%. Within all treatments nitrogen at 80 lb/fed, was the best treatment which gave the highest wheat grain yield and gave comparable to that obtained by Striga free controltreatment, followed by Neem 10%. Nitrogen at 80 lb/fed, significantly increased wheat grain yield (kg/fed.,) by 38.02%.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
state, Sudan (Latitude15° 40` N and Longitude 32° 23` E,) to evaluate two botanical aqueousextracts (Neem leaves, Heglig seeds) and three levels of nitrogen on S.hermonthica incidence and growth and yield of wheat. Combined analysis of... more
state, Sudan (Latitude15° 40` N and Longitude 32° 23` E,) to evaluate two botanical aqueousextracts (Neem leaves, Heglig seeds) and three levels of nitrogen on S.hermonthica incidence and growth and yield of wheat. Combined analysis of both winter seasons showed that Striga emergence increased with the increasing number of weeks after sowing, Neem 10%, Heglig 10% and Nitrogen 80 lb/fed., were the best treatments which achieved significantly lowest number of Striga emergence, lowest Striga shoot fresh weight (g)/plant, shoot dry weight (g)/plant. and gave comparable to that obtained by the Striga free control. Neem 10% and nitrogen at 80 lb/fed., were the best treatments which achieved significantly highest wheat shoot fresh weight (g)/plant, shoot dry weight (g)/ plant and gave comparable to that obtained by Striga free control treatment. Nitrogen at 80 lb/fed.Only the best treatment, which achieved the highest number of tillers/plants and gave comparable to that obtained by Striga free control treatment. Neem 10% and nitrogen at 80 lb/fed., significantly increased wheat plant height (cm) and they were the best treatments, which achieved comparable to that obtained by the Striga free control treatment. A combined analysis of both winter seasons indicated that Striga significantly reduced wheat grain yield by 14.58%. Within all treatments nitrogen at 80 lb/fed, was the best treatment which gave the highest wheat grain yield and gave comparable to that obtained by Striga free controltreatment, followed by Neem 10%. Nitrogen at 80 lb/fed, significantly increased wheat grain yield (kg/fed.,) by 38.02%.
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The feasibility of standardizing a sorghum grain basal media as an alternative to different culture media such as potato dextrose agar and wheat basal media was assessed using different local sorghum genotypes. The relative mycelia growth... more
The feasibility of standardizing a sorghum grain basal media as an alternative to different culture media such as potato dextrose agar and wheat basal media was assessed using different local sorghum genotypes. The relative mycelia growth over time using different genotypes, preparation methods and concentrations was investigated along with standard potato dextrose and wheat grain medium as standard setup. The use malting method proved to be beneficial for producing visually prominent and dense cultures of mushroom. The malt method provides readily available nutrition that favours early-growth mushroom mycelia The study also recommended sorghum genotypes; Tabat, Tetron, Faterita White and Faterita, Red, respectively. The concentration of sorghum preparation remains a minor factor during the early stage of mycelium growth. It starts showing a significant effect at a later stage of mycelium extension, particularly at 21,24 and 27 days after inoculation.
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This Study was conducted during October- March 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, seasons at Ministry of Agriculture green house in Dongola, Northern Sudan, to investigate the effect of salinity levels (0,2,4,6,8,10 and12ds/m) and, 0, -75kg/ ha, -... more
This Study was conducted during October- March 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, seasons at Ministry of Agriculture green house in Dongola, Northern Sudan, to investigate the effect of salinity levels (0,2,4,6,8,10 and12ds/m) and, 0, -75kg/ ha, - 150kg/ha and -225kg/ha NPK fertilizer on the total soluble solids (TSS)and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the plant leaves of tomato in clay –loam soil. A randomized Complete Block Design (RCBO) with three replicates was used for laying out the pot experiments. Immediately after the termination of the experiments fruits, and plant leaf samples were collected in both seasons from each treatment to determine the amounts of total soluble solids (TSS)and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the plant leaves. The results clearly indicated that (TSS), were significantly reduced with increasing salt concentration, whereas they were significantly increased with increasing of NPK application rate. The results showed that the total soil nitrogen was very low, whereas appreciable percentages were found in the leaves. There were significant differences between salt concentration and NPK application rate,the N, P and K up taken by plants increased with an increase of NPK application rate and a decrease of salt concentration In contrast both P and K in plant leaves decreased with increase in salt concentration and decreased NPK application rate, portably due to their fixation in the soil.
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This Study was conducted during October- March 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, seasons at Ministry of Agriculture green house in Dongola, Northern Sudan, to investigate the effect of salinity levels (0,2,4,6,8,10 and12ds/m) and, 0, -75kg/ ha, -... more
This Study was conducted during October- March 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, seasons at Ministry of Agriculture green house in Dongola, Northern Sudan, to investigate the effect of salinity levels (0,2,4,6,8,10 and12ds/m) and, 0, -75kg/ ha, - 150kg/ha and -225kg/ha NPK fertilizer on the total soluble solids (TSS)and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the plant leaves of tomato in clay –loam soil. A randomized Complete Block Design (RCBO) with three replicates was used for laying out the pot experiments. Immediately after the termination of the experiments fruits, and plant leaf samples were collected in both seasons from each treatment to determine the amounts of total soluble solids (TSS)and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the plant leaves. The results clearly indicated that (TSS), were significantly reduced with increasing salt concentration, whereas they were significantly increased with increasing of NPK application rate. The results showed that the total soil nitrogen was very low, whereas appreciable percentages were found in the leaves. There were significant differences between salt concentration and NPK application rate,the N, P and K up taken by plants increased with an increase of NPK application rate and a decrease of salt concentration In contrast both P and K in plant leaves decreased with increase in salt concentration and decreased NPK application rate, portably due to their fixation in the soil.
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Northern state, Sudan is extremely affected by desertification and Salinization processes, there for this study aimed to investigate an effective method to improve the salt affected soil. Two field experiments were carried out in two... more
Northern state, Sudan is extremely affected by desertification and Salinization processes, there for this study aimed to investigate an effective method to improve the salt affected soil. Two field experiments were carried out in two successive seasons (July 2005-June 2006) at Dongola University farm, in the North State to investigate the effect of irrigation frequency (7 and 14 days) and farm yard manure (M0 , M1 , M2 , andM3) on salt leaching undersaline-sodic soil. The experiment was designed in spilt-plot design , where irrigation frequency was assigned in the main plots (6x28m) and farm yard manure were the sub-plots (6x7m) .The total cultivated area was 1342m2 for each experiment. The quantity of water applied was estimated according to Jensen andHaise (1963). The total water quantity was the same by the end of the season. In general , the result indicated that irrigation frequency of 7 days enhanced salt leaching from the root zone. Generally , the reduction in electrical conductivity (ECe) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) due to irrigation frequency was more effective in 7 day irrigation interval as compared with 14-day irrigation interval. the data obtained indicated that the addition of FYM 10 ton/feddan, significantly degreased the (ECe) and the (SAR) and leached them below the root zone. So, we can conclude that the efficiency of salt leaching is markedly affected by irrigation frequency and yard manure.
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Northern state, Sudan is extremely affected by desertification and Salinization processes, there for this study aimed to investigate an effective method to improve the salt affected soil. Two field experiments were carried out in two... more
Northern state, Sudan is extremely affected by desertification and Salinization processes, there for this study aimed to investigate an effective method to improve the salt affected soil. Two field experiments were carried out in two successive seasons (July 2005-June 2006) at Dongola University farm, in the North State to investigate the effect of irrigation frequency (7 and 14 days) and farm yard manure (M0 , M1 , M2 , andM3) on salt leaching undersaline-sodic soil. The experiment was designed in spilt-plot design , where irrigation frequency was assigned in the main plots (6x28m) and farm yard manure were the sub-plots (6x7m) .The total cultivated area was 1342m2 for each experiment. The quantity of water applied was estimated according to Jensen andHaise (1963). The total water quantity was the same by the end of the season. In general , the result indicated that irrigation frequency of 7 days enhanced salt leaching from the root zone. Generally , the reduction in electrical conductivity (ECe) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) due to irrigation frequency was more effective in 7 day irrigation interval as compared with 14-day irrigation interval. the data obtained indicated that the addition of FYM 10 ton/feddan, significantly degreased the (ECe) and the (SAR) and leached them below the root zone. So, we can conclude that the efficiency of salt leaching is markedly affected by irrigation frequency and yard manure.
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The contamination of metals is a major environmental problem and, especially in the aquatic environment. Some metals are potentially toxic or carcinogenic even at very low concentration and are, thus, hazardous to human, if they enter the... more
The contamination of metals is a major environmental problem and, especially in the aquatic environment. Some metals are potentially toxic or carcinogenic even at very low concentration and are, thus, hazardous to human, if they enter the food -chain. This study aims to identify and determine the levels the heavy metals ( HMs) in the River Nile in two town in the Northern State, Sudan, and other drinking water source. . The water was analyzed in the Central Petroleum Laboratories , Khartoum, Sudan, using Inductively Coupled Plasma– Optical Emission Spectrometer ICP-OES 725 E) instrument to determine Zn, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, Cd, Mo, Cr, Fe, Li, and Hg levels and compare their concentrations with the permissible levels (PLs), using the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The results from Dongola locality revealed the presence of high concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cd, and Fe in River Nile drinking water (RNW) samples (4.92, 16.535, 0.013 and 0.46 ppm, respectively), which are higher than WHO (2004)acceptable limits. The tap water (TW) samples reflected the presence of Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, Fe and Hg at 5.985, 22.445, 0.013, 0.06, 0.485 and 0.003 ppm, respectively, which are again higher than the WHO (2004)acceptable limits. However, the underground water (UDW) samples showed the presence of Pb, Co, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Hg at 4.145, 4.315, 20.25, 0.007, 0.07 and 0.002 ppm, respectively, which are also high . The results from Merowe Locality followed the same trend. High concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cd, and Fe were detected in the RDW samples (4.7, 14.495, 0.0131and 0.325 ppm, respectively); these levels were higher than those of WHO (2004) limits. The samples of TW in Merowe also showed presence of high levelsof Pb, Ni, Cd, Fe and Hg. Their levels were 4.72, 18.33, 0.012, 0.37 and 0.002, ppm, following the same order. The UGW samples reflected the presence of high quantities of Pb, Co, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Hg (2.84, 2.360, 18.635, 0.004, 0.055 and 0.002, ppm, respectively). It is concluded that all water sources in Dongola and Merowe Localities are not suitable for drinking and require urgent attention by the authorities.
Research Interests:
The contamination of metals is a major environmental problem and, especially in the aquatic environment. Some metals are potentially toxic or carcinogenic even at very low concentration and are, thus, hazardous to human, if they enter the... more
The contamination of metals is a major environmental problem and, especially in the aquatic environment. Some metals are potentially toxic or carcinogenic even at very low concentration and are, thus, hazardous to human, if they enter the food -chain. This study aims to identify and determine the levels the heavy metals ( HMs) in the River Nile in two town in the Northern State, Sudan, and other drinking water source. . The water was analyzed in the Central Petroleum Laboratories , Khartoum, Sudan, using Inductively Coupled Plasma– Optical Emission Spectrometer ICP-OES 725 E) instrument to determine Zn, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, Cd, Mo, Cr, Fe, Li, and Hg levels and compare their concentrations with the permissible levels (PLs), using the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The results from Dongola locality revealed the presence of high concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cd, and Fe in River Nile drinking water (RNW) samples (4.92, 16.535, 0.013 and 0.46 ppm, respectively), which are higher than WHO (2004)acceptable limits. The tap water (TW) samples reflected the presence of Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, Fe and Hg at 5.985, 22.445, 0.013, 0.06, 0.485 and 0.003 ppm, respectively, which are again higher than the WHO (2004)acceptable limits. However, the underground water (UDW) samples showed the presence of Pb, Co, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Hg at 4.145, 4.315, 20.25, 0.007, 0.07 and 0.002 ppm, respectively, which are also high . The results from Merowe Locality followed the same trend. High concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cd, and Fe were detected in the RDW samples (4.7, 14.495, 0.0131and 0.325 ppm, respectively); these levels were higher than those of WHO (2004) limits. The samples of TW in Merowe also showed presence of high levelsof Pb, Ni, Cd, Fe and Hg. Their levels were 4.72, 18.33, 0.012, 0.37 and 0.002, ppm, following the same order. The UGW samples reflected the presence of high quantities of Pb, Co, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Hg (2.84, 2.360, 18.635, 0.004, 0.055 and 0.002, ppm, respectively). It is concluded that all water sources in Dongola and Merowe Localities are not suitable for drinking and require urgent attention by the authorities.
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Environmental awareness of pesticide risks is critical, as the better, so that the greater the awareness in dealing with agricultural chemicals, the less harm will be and the greater the desired benefit. The study aims to determine the... more
Environmental awareness of pesticide risks is critical, as the better, so that the greater the awareness in dealing with agricultural chemicals, the less harm will be and the greater the desired benefit. The study aims to determine the level of farmers’ pesticide use awareness in the Dongola area, as well as how to store and dispose of excess pesticides. A questionnaire was created to collect the essential data and disseminate it to the local farmers. For each project, five vegetable farms were chosen, and each farmer was interviewed on his farm, filling out a questionnaire. Personal interviews with officials in domains connected to the research’s issue, such as agricultural project management, crop protection, hospitals, and others, were conducted. The results of the analysis revealed that the education rate among middle farmers in North Dongola is relatively high when compared to those in South and East Dongola (66.7 % secondary, 73.3 % university, 68 % primary), and in South Dongola (22.7 %, 26.7 % primary secondary, respectively. The study also revealed that 16.7 % of university students in Dongola city did not receive guidance from project management regarding the optimal use of pesticides, as extension services are provided to farmers of cash crops only, such as wheat, This may result in a clear decline in environmental awareness among farmers in the locality despite their long-established farming practices and pesticide use. However, without good guidance on how to properly use this practice, it is of no use, as the study showed that some diseases might be caused by exposure to pesticides without taking precautions or wearing protective clothing. A study shows that allergic diseases and poisoning eye diseases are the most common among farmers, with a percentage of 32.9 %, 16.3 %, and 38.8 %, respectively. In addition, improper handling of pesticides has resulted in poisoning cases. Moreover, we know from the questionnaire that 38.8 % of farmers suffer from poisoning. The study concluded that there are effects of unsafe use of pesticides as a result of lack of awareness of safe use, so this topic requires many successive studies to know the extent of the damage accurately and the possibility of solving these problems and achieving their effects.
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This study was conducted to establish the potential of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. buttercrunch) seeds as a bioindicator (BI), or a biological tool for detecting the presence of some toxic materials used in tanning industry and... more
This study was conducted to establish the potential of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. buttercrunch) seeds as a bioindicator (BI), or a biological tool for detecting the presence of some toxic materials used in tanning industry and determining their concentrations using the germination percentage as a parameter (indicator). Samples of Gezira Tannery Corporation (GTC) wastewater (WW) were collected from both the mouth and the tail of the drainage stream. Lettuce seeds (10/Petri dish, replicated 3x and each experiment was repeated 3x) were treated by GTC WW and other important tanning agents (chromium oxide, sodium sulfide, Preventol WB) in solution using different concentrations of each and their mixture. The bioassay experiment revealed that the seeds were intoxicated (i.e. reduced the germination percentage), when exposed to the WW. On exposure to several concentrations from each input, the concentrations that can be measured by this BI (i.e. sensitivity and reliability) are: chrom...
Research Interests: Chemistry, Environmental Toxicology, Toxicology, Seed germination, Pesticide ecotoxicology, and 15 morePesticide Residues, Medicine, Wastewater, Toxicity, Lettuce, Pest control, Exposure, Tanning, Seeds, Industrial Waste, Biological Indicators, Veterinary Sciences, Bioassays, Biological Assay, and Pestisida
The field experiment was carried out in two successive seasons (2006/2007-2007/2008) in Gezira State. The experiments aimed at studying the efficacy of some botanical oils including sesame, cotton, groundnut and sunflower oils on thrips,... more
The field experiment was carried out in two successive seasons (2006/2007-2007/2008) in Gezira State. The experiments aimed at studying the efficacy of some botanical oils including sesame, cotton, groundnut and sunflower oils on thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lind.) population compared to the standard commercial insecticide Karate 5% EC (lambda–cyhalothrin)..The results indicated that all botanical oil treatments were apparently very effective against the onion thrips compared to the untreated control. Significant differences in the number of insects were encountered on onion plant in both seasons 2006/07, 2007/08. Sesame oil was found to be more effective in controlling the pest followed by groundnut oil, cotton oil and sunflower oil, respectively. The oil treatments decreased thrips population within 2-7days.The data revealed that the best performance of the tested oils was obtained when the higher concentrations were administered in all treated plots. Karate treatment gave the best control of onion thrips and this was reflected in the high percentage mortality.
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A weed survey was conducted in six locations in Khartoum area: Elfaki Hashim, Jaziret Wawisti, Jaziret Islang, El Jerafa, Jaziret Tuti and Soba during the winter season of 2015/2016 to determine the most common and prevalent weed species... more
A weed survey was conducted in six locations in Khartoum area: Elfaki Hashim, Jaziret Wawisti, Jaziret Islang, El Jerafa, Jaziret Tuti and Soba during the winter season of 2015/2016 to determine the most common and prevalent weed species associated with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) crop cultivation and to determine which weed type is dominated in Khartoum State. The data revealed the presence of 20 species of annual and perennial weeds belonging to 13 families. Of these species 14 were dicotyledonous, 6 were monocotyledonous. The Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae and Amaranthaceae made up 15%, 10%, 10% and 10% respectively, of the total number of species. The remaining weed species belonged to 9 other families. The results indicated that the weed flora of Khartoum State was dominated by broad leaved weeds. The highest number of species (12) occurred in Soba, followed by Faki Hashim (11) while the lowest (8) was recorded in El Jerafa. C. rotundus, C. dactylon, B. aruciformis, E. colona, and T. terrestris prevailed in all locations. C. rotundus, C. dactylon, B. aruciformis and E. colona, were weeds that occurred at high relative abundance. The species with moderate mean relative abundance were T. terrestris L., G. gynandra, P. oleraceae and S. dubium Fresen. The other species exhibited low mean relative abundance.
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This study aimed to assess the impact of accreditation on laboratories performance regarding ISO/IEC 17025:2017 in Nano for Measurement and Calibration Center, Khartoum State- Sudan. A descriptive case study was conducted during the... more
This study aimed to assess the impact of accreditation on laboratories performance regarding ISO/IEC 17025:2017 in
Nano for Measurement and Calibration Center, Khartoum State- Sudan. A descriptive case study was conducted during the period
from November 2020 to March 2021. A questionnaire was used as data collection tool to achieve the study objective. Thirty four
questionnaires were distributed to all laboratory employees in Nano for Measurement and Calibration Center, the laboratory
employees were responded with percentage of (100.0%). The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences
(SPSS); the methodology used was the descriptive correlation by using Chi-square test. The study showed that there was a
statistically significant relationship between accreditation and validity of results issue by laboratory according to requirements of
ISO/IEC17025:2017 in Nano for Measurement and Calibration Center. The study reflected that there was a statistically
significant relationship between accreditation and the performance and efficiency of employees according to requirements of
ISO/IEC17025:2017 in Nano for Measurement and Calibration Center. In addition to, there was a statistically significant
relationship between accreditation and customer satisfaction according to requirements of ISO/IEC17025:2017 in Nano for
Measurement and Calibration Center. The study revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship between
accreditation and financial returned to the laboratory according to requirements of ISO/IEC17025:2017 in Nano for
Measurement and Calibration Center. The study concluded that accreditation improved laboratories performance regarding
ISO/IEC 17025:2017 in Nano for Measurement and Calibration Center, Khartoum State- Sudan.
Nano for Measurement and Calibration Center, Khartoum State- Sudan. A descriptive case study was conducted during the period
from November 2020 to March 2021. A questionnaire was used as data collection tool to achieve the study objective. Thirty four
questionnaires were distributed to all laboratory employees in Nano for Measurement and Calibration Center, the laboratory
employees were responded with percentage of (100.0%). The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences
(SPSS); the methodology used was the descriptive correlation by using Chi-square test. The study showed that there was a
statistically significant relationship between accreditation and validity of results issue by laboratory according to requirements of
ISO/IEC17025:2017 in Nano for Measurement and Calibration Center. The study reflected that there was a statistically
significant relationship between accreditation and the performance and efficiency of employees according to requirements of
ISO/IEC17025:2017 in Nano for Measurement and Calibration Center. In addition to, there was a statistically significant
relationship between accreditation and customer satisfaction according to requirements of ISO/IEC17025:2017 in Nano for
Measurement and Calibration Center. The study revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship between
accreditation and financial returned to the laboratory according to requirements of ISO/IEC17025:2017 in Nano for
Measurement and Calibration Center. The study concluded that accreditation improved laboratories performance regarding
ISO/IEC 17025:2017 in Nano for Measurement and Calibration Center, Khartoum State- Sudan.
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This study was conducted to assess major chemical composition and aflatoxins associated with groundnut seeds in Khartoum-Sudan. A total of 120 groundnut seed samples from commercial stores were collected. The result revealed that the... more
This study was conducted to assess major chemical composition and aflatoxins associated with groundnut seeds in Khartoum-Sudan. A total of 120 groundnut seed samples from commercial stores were collected. The result revealed that the approximate analysis in tow samples of groundnut seed were (6.5 to 6.6 %) for moisture content, (2.2to 2.3 %) ash, (5.0 to 4.0%) fiber, (27 to 28%) protein and (44 to 45%) fat content in sample A and B respectively. Aflatoxin analyses of groundnut seed samples were performed using ultra performance liquid chromatography; 16.67 and 1.9 of samples A and B respectively were positive at zero time of storage, after 1month 27.7 and 64.0, while the last month recorded 55.2 and 18.3 respectively in sample A and B. The aflatoxin concentrations groundnut seed were above the Codex standards the maximum levels for aflatoxins in various nuts, grains, dried figs and milk are in the range of 0.5 to 15 µg/kg (a µgram is one millionths [1×10−6] of a gram).
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The physico-chemical and microbial parameters of the water add in soft drinks products in Khartoum state were evaluated and compared with the Sudanese Septic Laboratories (SSMO) and the World Health Organization. The results of physical... more
The physico-chemical and microbial parameters of the water add in soft drinks products in Khartoum state were evaluated and compared with the Sudanese Septic Laboratories (SSMO) and the World Health Organization. The results of physical analysis treated water samples showed the mean pH value (7.79) and EC conductivity (50.8 µS/cm). Furthermore the results also of chemical analysis shows the alkalinity in was recorded (185.5mg/L), turbidity (0.17 mg/L), hardness (79.88mg/L) and chlorine (20.7 mg/L) in treated water samples (P≤0.05). Moreover the results showed absence of heavy metals (aluminums and lead) in all water samples before and after treatment. Also the results showed raw water samples were found from total bacterial count 7X10-6, mold 2X10-2 and total coli form 1. It is clear from, all samples treatment water showed the presence of total colony count, mold and yeast, E. coli and coliform. The study concluded that the physico-chemical properties of the water samples used in the soda industry for one of the companies in the state of Khartoum, as permitted by the High Health Organization and the Sudanese specification.
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Large-scale usage of pesticides has become a source of great concern due to their possible adverse effect on human health and non target components of the environment, there for in present study we used some medicinal plants i.e.... more
Large-scale usage of pesticides has become a source of great concern due to their possible adverse effect on
human health and non target components of the environment, there for in present study we used some medicinal plants i.e.
coriander, caraway, and aniseed were inter – cropped with the tomato varieties (Omdurman and Peto86) to reduce the
whitefly population. The experiments were carried out in the field of University of Gezira, during winter and summer of
2000.The results showed that during winter the two tomato varieties harbored almost the same number of whiteflies, but in
summer an apparent build–up of the pest population was shown to peak in the middle and then declined progressively
towards the end of the season. Significant variations in the numbers of whitefly encountered on tomato plants within all
treatments were more apparent during the summer than the winter season. During winter season tomato plants in the
coriander treatment harbored the least number of whiteflies (1.009) followed by caraway (1.029) and aniseed (1.032)
compared to the control (1.044 adults / leaf). Similarly, in summer season the whitefly population within coriander treatment
was the lowest (1.044) compared to both caraway and aniseed (1.068) and the control (1.097 adults / leaf).
human health and non target components of the environment, there for in present study we used some medicinal plants i.e.
coriander, caraway, and aniseed were inter – cropped with the tomato varieties (Omdurman and Peto86) to reduce the
whitefly population. The experiments were carried out in the field of University of Gezira, during winter and summer of
2000.The results showed that during winter the two tomato varieties harbored almost the same number of whiteflies, but in
summer an apparent build–up of the pest population was shown to peak in the middle and then declined progressively
towards the end of the season. Significant variations in the numbers of whitefly encountered on tomato plants within all
treatments were more apparent during the summer than the winter season. During winter season tomato plants in the
coriander treatment harbored the least number of whiteflies (1.009) followed by caraway (1.029) and aniseed (1.032)
compared to the control (1.044 adults / leaf). Similarly, in summer season the whitefly population within coriander treatment
was the lowest (1.044) compared to both caraway and aniseed (1.068) and the control (1.097 adults / leaf).
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The study aimed to determine the impact of the internal audit on improvement of the quality system according to requirements for performance competence of calibration and testing laboratories ISO/IEC17025:20005. The study was conducted at... more
The study aimed to determine the impact of the internal audit on improvement of the quality system according to
requirements for performance competence of calibration and testing laboratories ISO/IEC17025:20005. The study was conducted
at National Leather Technology Center (NLTC) and Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization (SSMO) in Khartoum State-
Sudan, during the period from August 2018 to August 2019. A questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Thirty
questionnaires were distributed to all laboratories employees in NLTC and SSMO, 26 of the laboratory employees had respond
with percentage of (87%), while 4 had not respond. The data were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences
(SPSS); the methodology used was the descriptive correlation. The study showed that (65.9%) respondents agreed that there was a
relationship between the application of internal audit methodology and the application of the quality management system
according to requirements for performance competence of calibration and testing laboratories ISO/IEC17025:2005. Also, the
study indicated that (56%) respondents agreed that there was relationship between the application of internal audit methodology
and number of cases of non-conformity of the quality system according to requirements for performance competence of calibration
and testing laboratories ISO/IEC17025:2005, and readiness for accreditation. Also, the study showed that (54.6%) of them agreed
that there was relationship between the application of the internal audit methodology and the continuous improvement of the
quality system and increase customer satisfaction. So, the study concluded that all three hypothesis were fulfilled.
requirements for performance competence of calibration and testing laboratories ISO/IEC17025:20005. The study was conducted
at National Leather Technology Center (NLTC) and Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization (SSMO) in Khartoum State-
Sudan, during the period from August 2018 to August 2019. A questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Thirty
questionnaires were distributed to all laboratories employees in NLTC and SSMO, 26 of the laboratory employees had respond
with percentage of (87%), while 4 had not respond. The data were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences
(SPSS); the methodology used was the descriptive correlation. The study showed that (65.9%) respondents agreed that there was a
relationship between the application of internal audit methodology and the application of the quality management system
according to requirements for performance competence of calibration and testing laboratories ISO/IEC17025:2005. Also, the
study indicated that (56%) respondents agreed that there was relationship between the application of internal audit methodology
and number of cases of non-conformity of the quality system according to requirements for performance competence of calibration
and testing laboratories ISO/IEC17025:2005, and readiness for accreditation. Also, the study showed that (54.6%) of them agreed
that there was relationship between the application of the internal audit methodology and the continuous improvement of the
quality system and increase customer satisfaction. So, the study concluded that all three hypothesis were fulfilled.
Research Interests:
This study aimed to identify the impact of documents review on improving of management system according to requirements of ISO: IEC 17025:2005, the study was conducted at NANO center for measurement and calibration and the samples were... more
This study aimed to identify the impact of documents review on improving of management system according to requirements of ISO: IEC 17025:2005, the study was conducted at NANO center for measurement and calibration and the samples were employees of NANO center for measurement and calibration. For the nature of the study, used the questionnaire as a data collection tool, 40 questionnaires were distributed and were all collected and data were analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). The study showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the application of the methodology of the documents review and applying the documents in the quality system according to requirements for the competence of performance of calibration and testing laboratories, there was a statistically significant relationship between the application of the methodology of the documents review and number of cases of nonconforming in the quality system according to requirements for the competence of performance of calibration and testing laboratories and there was a statistically significant relationship between the application of the methodology of the documents review and continuous improvement in the quality system according to requirements for the competence of performance of calibration and testing laboratories. The study concluded that technical procedures should be reviewed by the technical manager of the center in order to ensure that they comply with the requirements for the competence of performance of calibration and testing laboratories to help in improvement of the service provided by the NANO center for measurement and calibration. The top management should also pay attention on identifying employees suggestions and taken them in the process of improving the quality system at the NANO center for measurement and calibration.
Research Interests:
Two field experiments were carried out in two successive seasons (2006/2007-2007/2008) in two sites; the first site at Arbaji Farm, on the Blue Nile Bank, Gezira State and the other in Nidiana block, Massalamia Group, at the Gezira... more
Two field experiments were carried out in two successive seasons (2006/2007-2007/2008) in two sites; the first site at Arbaji
Farm, on the Blue Nile Bank, Gezira State and the other in Nidiana block, Massalamia Group, at the Gezira Scheme. The experiments
aimed at studying the efficacy of some botanical oils including sesame, cotton, groundnut, and sunflower oil on thrips, Thrips tabaci
(Lind.) population and onion yield compared to the standard commercial insecticide Karate 5% EC (lambda–cyhalothrin).Economic
evaluation was carried as well.. The yield data showed highly significant differences between treatments in the two testing seasons
with exception to site two in 2007/08 season. However, a remarkable yield increase was recorded from Karate treatment throughout
the course of the study and in both seasons. Generally, the control treatment scored the lowest yield throughout the test period which
explains the importance of the pest damage if left unchecked.
Statistical analysis showed that Karate, groundnut oil 5% and sesame oil 5% were very effective for the control of onion thrips.
Some treatments had high net benefit but at high cost. For this reason, dominance and marginal analysis were used for ranking the
most cost effective treatments. The marginal rate of return (MRR) was calculated to show the rate of benefit or return of onion production.
According to analysis the MRR ranged between 4 – 3.49.This indicated that an increase in treatments cost will be covered
by the increase in yield as a result of the application of these treatments. This recommended level was considered the most highly
profitable and economically feasible for onion production. For Karate treatment, each one Sudanese pound. 1SDG, invested gave 3.49
SDG extra net return compared with cotton oil 2.5% treatment. In addition, for groundnut oil 5% treatment, each 1SDG invested gave
0.3 SDG extra net return compared with Karate treatment. For sesame oil 5% treatment each 1 SDG invested gave 0.04 SDG extra net
return compared with groundnut oil 5% treatment.
Keywords: Onion Thrips; Botanical Oils; Onion Yield
Farm, on the Blue Nile Bank, Gezira State and the other in Nidiana block, Massalamia Group, at the Gezira Scheme. The experiments
aimed at studying the efficacy of some botanical oils including sesame, cotton, groundnut, and sunflower oil on thrips, Thrips tabaci
(Lind.) population and onion yield compared to the standard commercial insecticide Karate 5% EC (lambda–cyhalothrin).Economic
evaluation was carried as well.. The yield data showed highly significant differences between treatments in the two testing seasons
with exception to site two in 2007/08 season. However, a remarkable yield increase was recorded from Karate treatment throughout
the course of the study and in both seasons. Generally, the control treatment scored the lowest yield throughout the test period which
explains the importance of the pest damage if left unchecked.
Statistical analysis showed that Karate, groundnut oil 5% and sesame oil 5% were very effective for the control of onion thrips.
Some treatments had high net benefit but at high cost. For this reason, dominance and marginal analysis were used for ranking the
most cost effective treatments. The marginal rate of return (MRR) was calculated to show the rate of benefit or return of onion production.
According to analysis the MRR ranged between 4 – 3.49.This indicated that an increase in treatments cost will be covered
by the increase in yield as a result of the application of these treatments. This recommended level was considered the most highly
profitable and economically feasible for onion production. For Karate treatment, each one Sudanese pound. 1SDG, invested gave 3.49
SDG extra net return compared with cotton oil 2.5% treatment. In addition, for groundnut oil 5% treatment, each 1SDG invested gave
0.3 SDG extra net return compared with Karate treatment. For sesame oil 5% treatment each 1 SDG invested gave 0.04 SDG extra net
return compared with groundnut oil 5% treatment.
Keywords: Onion Thrips; Botanical Oils; Onion Yield
Research Interests:
Two field experiments were carried out in two successive seasons in two sites in Gezira State. The experiments aimed at studying the efficacy of some botanical oils including sesame, cotton, groundnut, sunflower and petroleum oil on... more
Two field experiments were carried out in two successive seasons in two sites in Gezira State. The experiments aimed at studying the efficacy of some botanical oils including sesame, cotton, groundnut, sunflower and petroleum oil on thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lind.) population compared to the standard commercial insecticide Karate 5% EC (lambda-cyhalothrin)..The results indicated that all oil treatments were apparently very effective against the onion thrips compared to the untreated control. Significant differences in the number of insects were encountered on onion plant in both sites in season 2006/07. However, during season 2007/08 highly significant differences were found in the onion thrips population in both sites. Sesame oil was found to be more effective in controlling the pest followed by groundnut oil, petroleum oil, cotton oil and sunflower oil, respectively. The oil treatments decreased thrips population within 2-7days. The yield data showed highly significant differences between treatments in the two testing seasons with exception to site two in 2007/08 season. However, a remarkable yield increase was recorded from Karate treatment throughout the course of the study and in both seasons. Generally, the control treatment scored the lowest yield throughout the test period which explains the importance of the pest damage if left unchecked.
Research Interests:
Some medicinal plants i.e. caraway, coriander and aniseed were inter-cropped with the tomato varieties (Omdurman and Peto86) to reduce the whitefly population and the consequent pathogen infection. The experiments were conducted in the... more
Some medicinal plants i.e. caraway, coriander and aniseed were inter-cropped with the tomato varieties (Omdurman and Peto86) to reduce the whitefly population and the consequent pathogen infection. The experiments were conducted in the field of University of Gezira, during winter and summer of 2000. The results indicated that during both seasons, highly significant differences (p < 0.01) were found in the percentage level of TYLC infection between treatments, between the two tomato varieties and between the three sampling dates. Results also showed that the variety Omdurman was significantly exhibiting low incidences of TYLC infection within all treatments at the different dates of count throughout both growing seasons, compared to peto86.The intensity of the disease once appeared, progressively increased with the advent of the growing season. Significantly higher yields were obtained by the variety Omdurman in the coriander and aniseed treatments (4361.660 and 4266.670 kg/ha, respectively). Although the lowest yield of both varieties were obtained from control treatment (200 kg/ha), but that was not significantly different from the yield obtained from the caraway treatment (128.6 kg/ha). Caraway appeared to be more competitive than the others.
Research Interests:
The field experiment was carried out in two successive seasons (2006/2007-2007/2008) in Gezira State. The experiments aimed at studying the efficacy of some botanical oils including sesame, cotton, groundnut and sunflower oils on thrips,... more
The field experiment was carried out in two successive seasons (2006/2007-2007/2008) in Gezira State. The experiments
aimed at studying the efficacy of some botanical oils including sesame, cotton, groundnut and sunflower oils on thrips, Thrips
tabaci (Lind.) population compared to the standard commercial insecticide Karate 5% EC (lambda–cyhalothrin)..The results
indicated that all botanical oil treatments were apparently very effective against the onion thrips compared to the untreated
control. Significant differences in the number of insects were encountered on onion plant in both seasons 2006/07, 2007/08.
Sesame oil was found to be more effective in controlling the pest followed by groundnut oil, cotton oil and sunflower oil,
respectively. The oil treatments decreased thrips population within 2-7days.The data revealed that the best performance of the
tested oils was obtained when the higher concentrations were administered in all treated plots. Karate treatment gave the best
control of onion thrips and this was reflected in the high percentage mortality.
aimed at studying the efficacy of some botanical oils including sesame, cotton, groundnut and sunflower oils on thrips, Thrips
tabaci (Lind.) population compared to the standard commercial insecticide Karate 5% EC (lambda–cyhalothrin)..The results
indicated that all botanical oil treatments were apparently very effective against the onion thrips compared to the untreated
control. Significant differences in the number of insects were encountered on onion plant in both seasons 2006/07, 2007/08.
Sesame oil was found to be more effective in controlling the pest followed by groundnut oil, cotton oil and sunflower oil,
respectively. The oil treatments decreased thrips population within 2-7days.The data revealed that the best performance of the
tested oils was obtained when the higher concentrations were administered in all treated plots. Karate treatment gave the best
control of onion thrips and this was reflected in the high percentage mortality.
Research Interests:
Northern state, Sudan is extremely affected by desertification and Salinization processes, there for this study aimed to investigate an effective method to improve the salt affected soil. Two field experiments were carried out in two... more
Northern state, Sudan is extremely affected by desertification and Salinization processes, there for this study aimed to investigate an effective method to improve the salt affected soil. Two field experiments were carried out in two successive seasons (July 2005-June 2006) at Dongola University farm, in the North State to investigate the effect of irrigation frequency (7 and 14 days) and farm yard manure (M0 , M1 , M2 , andM3) on salt leaching undersaline-sodic soil. The experiment was designed in spilt-plot design , where irrigation frequency was assigned in the main plots (6x28m) and farm yard manure were the sub-plots (6x7m) .The total cultivated area was 1342m2 for each experiment. The quantity of water applied was estimated according to Jensen andHaise (1963). The total water quantity was the same by the end of the season. In general , the result indicated that irrigation frequency of 7 days enhanced salt leaching from the root zone. Generally , the reduction in electrical conductivity (ECe) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) due to irrigation frequency was more effective in 7 day irrigation interval as compared with 14-day irrigation interval. the data obtained indicated that the addition of FYM 10 ton/feddan, significantly degreased the (ECe) and the (SAR) and leached them below the root zone. So, we can conclude that the efficiency of salt leaching is markedly affected by irrigation frequency and yard manure.
Research Interests:
The contamination byheavymetals (HMs) is a major environmental problem and, especially in the aquatic environment. This study aims to identify and determine the levels the HMs in the tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) fish tissues (muscles... more
The contamination byheavymetals (HMs) is a major environmental problem and, especially in the aquatic environment. This study aims to identify and determine the levels the HMs in the tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) fish tissues (muscles and liver) in two administrative localities (Dongola and Merowe) in the Northern State, Sudan. The tilapia fish tissues were analyzed in the Central Petroleum Laboratories , Khartoum, Sudan, using Inductively Coupled Plasma– Optical Emission Spectrometer ICP-OES 725 E) instrument to determine Zn, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, Cd, Mo, Cr, Fe, Li, and Hg levels and compare their concentrations with the permissible levels (PLs), using the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The results from two localities reflect the presence of high levels of HMs, in the two tissue types. The results revealed the presence of high quantities of Pb and Niin the muscles; more than the permissible limits (0.214 and 0.5 -0.6 ppm) according to FAO/WHO (1999) and US EPA (2003). The liver also demonstrated high quantities of Pb, again, more than PLs. It is concluded that the accumulation of HMs in the aquatic environment in the northern state requires more attention from the authorities.
Research Interests:
Environmental pollution is caused due to the discharge of substances or energy into air, water, or land that may impart acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) detriment to the quality of life. This study aims to identify and determine... more
Environmental pollution is caused due to the discharge of substances or energy into air, water, or land that may impart acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) detriment to the quality of life. This study aims to identify and determine the levels the HMs in the River Nile Sediments. The Sediments where analyzed in the Central Petroleum Laboratories (CPL), Khartoum, Sudan using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer ICP-OES 725 E) instrument to determine Zn, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, Cd, Mo, Cr, Fe, Li, and Hg levels in the above-mentioned matrices in the two previously mentioned localities and compare their concentrations with the national permissible levels (PLs), using the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Sediment samples collected from three different locations in the river Nile from Dongola and Merowe locality and revealed the presence of high levels of Zn (305.5, 177.15 and 126.5 ppm) and Cd (1.400, 1.75 and 1.45 ppm), in Dongola. The values for Merowe were Zn (298.5, 154.35 and 124.2 ppm) and Cd (1.3, 1.385 and 1.045 ppm).Its conclude that the contamination of Heavy metals in the northern state requires more efforts from the authorities.
Research Interests:
The contamination of metals is a major environmental problem and, especially in the aquatic environment. Some metals are potentially toxic or carcinogenic even at very low concentration and are, thus, hazardous to human, if they enter the... more
The contamination of metals is a major environmental problem and, especially in the aquatic environment. Some metals are potentially toxic or carcinogenic even at very low concentration and are, thus, hazardous to human, if they enter the food -chain. This study aims to identify and determine the levels the heavy metals ( HMs) in the River Nile in two town in the Northern State, Sudan, and other drinking water source. . The water was analyzed in the Central Petroleum Laboratories , Khartoum, Sudan, using Inductively Coupled Plasma– Optical Emission Spectrometer ICP-OES 725 E) instrument to determine Zn, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, Cd, Mo, Cr, Fe, Li, and Hg levels and compare their concentrations with the permissible levels (PLs), using the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The results from Dongola locality revealed the presence of high concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cd, and Fe in River Nile drinking water (RNW) samples (4.92, 16.535, 0.013 and 0.46 ppm, respectively), which are higher than WHO (2004)acceptable limits. The tap water (TW) samples reflected the presence of Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, Fe and Hg at 5.985, 22.445, 0.013, 0.06, 0.485 and 0.003 ppm, respectively, which are again higher than the WHO (2004)acceptable limits. However, the underground water (UDW) samples showed the presence of Pb, Co, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Hg at 4.145, 4.315, 20.25, 0.007, 0.07 and 0.002 ppm, respectively, which are also high . The results from Merowe Locality followed the same trend. High concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cd, and Fe were detected in the RDW samples (4.7, 14.495, 0.0131and 0.325 ppm, respectively); these levels were higher than those of WHO (2004) limits. The samples of TW in Merowe also showed presence of high levelsof Pb, Ni, Cd, Fe and Hg. Their levels were 4.72, 18.33, 0.012, 0.37 and 0.002, ppm, following the same order. The UGW samples reflected the presence of high quantities of Pb, Co, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Hg (2.84, 2.360, 18.635, 0.004, 0.055 and 0.002, ppm, respectively). It is concluded that all water sources in Dongola and Merowe Localities are not suitable for drinking and require urgent attention by the authorities.
Research Interests:
This study was initiated to investigate the level of chromium III in Gezira Tannery Wastewater and compare with the permissible limit stander for chromium III. Samples of Gezira Tannery Corporation (GTC) wastewater (WW) were collected... more
This study was initiated to investigate the level of chromium III in Gezira Tannery Wastewater and compare with the permissible limit stander for chromium III. Samples of Gezira Tannery Corporation (GTC) wastewater (WW) were collected from both the mouth and the tail of the drainage stream. These samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of Cr using atomic absorption spectrometric (AAS) method. Results of AAS method showed high quantities of Cr III (1.85%), i.e. above the WHO permissible limit (0.0001%).
Research Interests:
This Study was conducted during October- March 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, seasons at Ministry of Agriculture green house in Dongola, Northern Sudan, to investigate the effect of salinity levels (0,2,4,6,8,10 and12ds/m) and, 0, -75kg/ ha,... more
This Study was conducted during October- March 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, seasons at Ministry of Agriculture green
house in Dongola, Northern Sudan, to investigate the effect of salinity levels (0,2,4,6,8,10 and12ds/m) and, 0, -75kg/ ha, -
150kg/ha and -225kg/ha NPK fertilizer on the total soluble solids (TSS)and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the plant
leaves of tomato in clay –loam soil. A randomized Complete Block Design (RCBO) with three replicates was used for laying out
the pot experiments. Immediately after the termination of the experiments fruits, and plant leaf samples were collected in both
seasons from each treatment to determine the amounts of total soluble solids (TSS)and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the
plant leaves. The results clearly indicated that (TSS), were significantly reduced with increasing salt concentration, whereas they
were significantly increased with increasing of NPK application rate. The results showed that the total soil nitrogen was very low,
whereas appreciable percentages were found in the leaves. There were significant differences between salt concentration and NPK
application rate,the N, P and K up taken by plants increased with an increase of NPK application rate and a decrease of salt
concentration In contrast both P and K in plant leaves decreased with increase in salt concentration and decreased NPK
application rate, portably due to their fixation in the soil.
house in Dongola, Northern Sudan, to investigate the effect of salinity levels (0,2,4,6,8,10 and12ds/m) and, 0, -75kg/ ha, -
150kg/ha and -225kg/ha NPK fertilizer on the total soluble solids (TSS)and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the plant
leaves of tomato in clay –loam soil. A randomized Complete Block Design (RCBO) with three replicates was used for laying out
the pot experiments. Immediately after the termination of the experiments fruits, and plant leaf samples were collected in both
seasons from each treatment to determine the amounts of total soluble solids (TSS)and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the
plant leaves. The results clearly indicated that (TSS), were significantly reduced with increasing salt concentration, whereas they
were significantly increased with increasing of NPK application rate. The results showed that the total soil nitrogen was very low,
whereas appreciable percentages were found in the leaves. There were significant differences between salt concentration and NPK
application rate,the N, P and K up taken by plants increased with an increase of NPK application rate and a decrease of salt
concentration In contrast both P and K in plant leaves decreased with increase in salt concentration and decreased NPK
application rate, portably due to their fixation in the soil.
Research Interests:
This study was conducted to establish the potential of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. buttercrunch) seeds as a bioindicator (BI), or a biological tool for detecting the presence of some toxic materials used in tanning industry and... more
This study was conducted to establish the potential of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. buttercrunch) seeds as a bioindicator (BI), or a biological tool for detecting the presence of some toxic materials used in tanning industry and determining their concentrations using the germination percentage as a parameter (indicator). Samples of Gezira Tannery Corporation (GTC) wastewater (WW) were collected from both the mouth and the tail of the drainage stream. Lettuce seeds (10/Petri dish, replicated 3x and each experiment was repeated 3x) were treated by GTC WW and other important tanning agents (chromium oxide , sodium sulfide, Preventol® WB) in solution using different concentrations of each and their mixture. The bioassay experiment revealed that the seeds were intoxicated (i.e. reduced the germination percentage), when exposed to the WW. On exposure to several concentrations from each input, the concentrations that can be measured by this BI (i.e. sensitivity and reliability) are: chromium oxide from 0.1 to 3.25%, sodium sulfide from 0.19 to 1.5% and Preventol® WB from 18.75 to 150 ppm. Lower concentrations cannot be measured, and higher concentrations resulted in 100% inhibition. The IC50 was determined by probit analysis for the WW, mixture of the three inputs, chromium oxide alone, sodium sulfide alone and Preventol® WB alone were: 35.5, 14.5, 0.44, 0.45 and 0.005%, respectively. The slopes of the log-dose probability lines (Ld-P) showed that this BI response to all treatments was homogeneous (＞2) (tabulated X2 (df=n－2) at 5%=0.172, 0.11, 0.064, 0.05 and 0.05). It is concluded that lettuce seeds satisfy almost all the required properties of the ideal BI.