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The proposed paper highlights the performance analysis of the effect of vibrations on the flexible solar panel. The vibrations have been produced by vibration generator embedded on the rear side of the flexible solar panel for testing... more
The proposed paper highlights the performance analysis of the effect of vibrations on the flexible solar panel. The vibrations have been produced by vibration generator embedded on the rear side of the flexible solar panel for testing purpose. The performance of the proposed system has been analyzed in terms of voltage (V), current (mA) and power (mW) obtained from the solar panel. The proposed vibration generator comprises of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) material transducers having the internal capacitance of 25 nF and astable multivibrator has been used for controlling the frequency range of the vibrations for the piezoelectric transducer. The piezoelectric transducers have been connected in parallel in order to maintain a constant voltage across the system. The proposed setup analyzes the change in voltage (V), current (mA) and power (mW) when vibration of different frequencies is fed to the panel. The power variation of 1.898 mW has been observed for the frequency variation of 640 Hz. The results have been analyzed for the frequency range of 40 to 680 Hz. The maximum and minimum power output of 15.818 mW and 13.92 mW has been obtained at 360 Hz and 120 Hz, respectively. The maximum voltage and current output levels have been attained at 360 Hz and 560 Hz, respectively. The formulated results have been analyzed graphically for the voltage (V), current (mA), and power (mW) with respect to frequency (Hz).
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Multi-level clustering offers energy efficient data gathering and much needed scalability in large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Although, few multi-level frameworks have been designed for static clustering and manually deployed... more
Multi-level clustering offers energy efficient data gathering and much needed scalability in large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Although, few multi-level frameworks have been designed for static clustering and manually deployed WSNs, but no work has been done for randomly deployed WSN performing dynamic clustering. Moreover, there is a lack of structured framework for evolutionary optimization based multilevel clustering protocols. Design of multi-level clustering depends on two parameters: 1) optimal position of layers and 2) number of sensor nodes at each layer. Based on these parameters, a concentric layered architecture (CLA) is designed in this paper to perform multi-level clustering in randomly deployed WSN. CLA divide the network into layers based on node density and number of sensor nodes at each layer. Further, CLA is evaluated on an evolutionary optimization technique based clustering approach namely PSO-C. Simulation results show that the proposed CLA significantly improves the network lifetime and energy efficiency.
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Research Interests:
Abstract Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (Gsk-3β) aberration act as a crucial pathogenic factor in several neurological conditions. However its role in menopause associated behavioural impairments is still not unclear. The present study was... more
Abstract Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (Gsk-3β) aberration act as a crucial pathogenic factor in several neurological conditions. However its role in menopause associated behavioural impairments is still not unclear. The present study was designed to understand the role of Gsk-3β in the progression of neurobehavioural impairments in middle-aged ovariectomized (ovx) rats. The animals showed a significant impairment in spatial and recognition memory, along with anxiety and depression-like behaviour following 22 weeks of ovx. The genomic expression of ERα, ERβ, Nrf2, HO-1, TNFα, and IL-6 was altered in both the cortex and the hippocampus of ovx rats. Protein expression of p-Gsk-3β(Ser9) was significantly downregulated in the cortex after ovx. However, the hippocampus showed a surprisingly opposite trend in the levels of p-Gsk-3β(Ser9) as that of the cortex. Differential activation of Gsk-3β and their downstream proteins such as β-catenin and p-mTOR were also altered following ovx. The study concluded that differential activation of Gsk-3β, along with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the cortex and the hippocampus, lead to the induction of cognitive and behaviour impairments in ovx rats.
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The study of various types of microstrip patch antenna designs employing different leather substrates having different dielectric constants on the realization of microstrip antenna has been carried out in this paper. The types of leathers... more
The study of various types of microstrip patch antenna designs employing different leather substrates having different dielectric constants on the realization of microstrip antenna has been carried out in this paper. The types of leathers employed as substrate in the proffered antenna designs are the brown leather with εr=1.54, white leather having εr=1.67 and black leather with εr=1.62. The thick-ness of brown leather, black leather and white leather is 1.8 mm, 2.8 mm and 2.25 mm, respectively. The propounded antenna employing brown leather as substrate has the return loss of −54.49 dB with the corresponding resonant frequency of 8.20 GHz operating in the frequency range of 7.98 GHz-8.45 GHz. The propounded antenna using substrate as brown leather has high gain of 8.33 dB and directivity of 8.24 dBi and percentage bandwidth of 5.73 percent. The propounded antenna employing white leather as a substrate has return loss of −15.4 dB within the operating frequency range 7.59 GHz-8.00 GHz with the corresponding resonating frequency of 7.78 GHz. The gain of the propounded antenna using white leather substrate has high gain of 8.06 dB and directivity of 7.99 dBi and percentage bandwidth of 5.26 percent. The observed return loss of the propounded antenna employing black leather is −11.06 dB with operating frequency range of 7.64 GHz–7.88 GHz with 7.75 GHz as the resonating frequency. The simulated gain using black leather as a substrate is 7.90 dB and directivity of 7.85 dBi with percentage bandwidth of 3.09 percent. CST Microwave Studio 2016 has been used for the construction of propounded antenna. The fabrication and successful testing of propounded antenna has been done using anechoic chamber and E5071C network analyzer. The experimental and simulated results have been tested and it has been observed that the practical results nearly match with simulated results. The antenna realization has been analyzed using three different types of leather as substrates and it has been concluded that the antenna consisting of brown leather as substrate gives the optimum performance having minimal losses.
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Cluster-based routing protocols have been proven efficient in prolonging the life cycle of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Periodic and multi-hop clustering are the most popular techniques which provide the required energy-efficient... more
Cluster-based routing protocols have been proven efficient in prolonging the life cycle of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Periodic and multi-hop clustering are the most popular techniques which provide the required energy-efficient communication and scalability in large-scale WSNs. In clustering, WSN is divided into number of clusters, and cluster head is selected in each cluster. However, in the existing clustering protocols, CH’s near base station undergoes large number of receiving, aggregating and transmitting operations in comparison with far away CHs. This imbalance of load on CHs and lack of structured multi-level clustering framework leads to early death of WSNs. Moreover, resolving the issues of scalability and data reliability along with load balancing is a very tedious task. In this paper, a hierarchical clustering and routing (HCR) protocol is proposed to formulate a load-balanced approach for clustering while taking care of energy efficiency, reliability and scalability. Firstly, a hierarchical layered framework is created to split the WSN into virtual circular layers for efficient transmission of data in hierarchical fashion. Subsequently, an ant lion optimizer is employed for the selection of CHs to ensure reliable, energy balanced and scalable cluster formation. Simulation results demonstrate that HCR protocol outperforms existing state-of-the-art clustering protocols in terms of network lifetime, balanced clustering, throughput and energy efficiency.
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Cloud computing provides various services to the cloud consumers based on demand and pay per use basis. To improve the system performance (such as energy efficiency, resource utilization (RU), etc.) more than one virtual machine (VM) can... more
Cloud computing provides various services to the cloud consumers based on demand and pay per use basis. To improve the system performance (such as energy efficiency, resource utilization (RU), etc.) more than one virtual machine (VM) can be deployed on a server. Efficient VM placement policy increases the system performance by utilizing all the computing resources at their maximum threshold limit and reduce the probability to become a server overloaded/underloaded. Overloaded/underloaded servers consume more energy and increase the number of VM migration in comparison to the server which is in a normal state. In this paper, Energy and Resource-Aware VM Placement (ERAP) algorithm is presented. This algorithm considers both, energy as well as central processing unit (CPU) utilization to deploy the VMs on the servers. CloudSim toolkit is used to analyze the behavior of the ERAP algorithm. The effectiveness of the ERAP algorithm is tested on real workload traces of Planet Lab. Results show that ERAP algorithm performs better in comparison to the existing algorithm on the account of the number of VM migrations, total energy consumption, number of servers shutdowns, and average service level agreement (SLA) violation rate. Results show that on average 13.12% energy consumption is minimized in contrast to the existing algorithm.
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This paper presents a P ower and R esource U tilization-Aware V irtual M achine S cheduling (PRUVMS) algorithm for strengthening resource utilization and diminishing the energy consumption of servers in the cloud environment. The PRUVMS... more
This paper presents a P ower and R esource U tilization-Aware V irtual M achine S cheduling (PRUVMS) algorithm for strengthening resource utilization and diminishing the energy consumption of servers in the cloud environment. The PRUVMS algorithm enhances the resource utilization by migrating the VMs from the underloaded/overloaded servers to a normal server, and it reduces the energy consumption by shutting down the underloaded servers after migrating the VMs. For selecting the suitable server for the VM placement, the ranking of the available servers is evaluated. An illustrative example is presented to validate the PRUVMS algorithm. Further, the PRUVMS algorithm is tested on the PlanetLab workload using the CloudSim simulator. The proposed PRUVMS algorithm improves resource utilization by 68.22% and 37.53% and decreases the energy consumption by 35.53% and 31.34% in comparison with PABFD and CAVMP algorithms, respectively. The improvement in computational results shows the acceptability of the proposed scheduling algorithm in the cloud environment.
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Hesperidin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone 7-rhamnoglucoside) is a β-7-rutinoside of hesperetin (4′-methoxy-3′,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone), abundantly found in citrus fruits and known to interact with various cellular pathways to show a variety... more
Hesperidin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone 7-rhamnoglucoside) is a β-7-rutinoside of hesperetin (4′-methoxy-3′,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone), abundantly found in citrus fruits and known to interact with various cellular pathways to show a variety of pharmacological effects. The present study was envisaged to understand the anticonvulsant effect of hesperidin in a zebrafish model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions, with the support of in silico docking. Healthy zebrafish larvae were preincubated with hesperidin (1, 5, and 10 µM) for 1 h, before PTZ exposure. Hesperidin treatment significantly increased the seizure latency and minimized PTZ-induced hyperactive responses. A significant reduction in c-fos expression further supported the suppression of neuronal excitation following hesperidin incubation in the larvae exposed to PTZ. The treatment also modulated larval bdnf expression and reduced the expression of il-10. The results of in vivo studies were further supported by in sili...
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Research Interests:
cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a key transcriptional regulator that regulates the transcription of genes related with neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Brain derived neurotrophic factor... more
cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a key transcriptional regulator that regulates the transcription of genes related with neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is a CREB dependent gene which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and central comorbid conditions associated with epilepsy. However, the beneficial or detrimental consequences of CREB-BDNF activation on the induction and/or progression of seizures depend specifically on the region of brain involved and the time of activation. The bioactive molecules that alter the activity of CREB in a way to have specialized effects in different brain regions and neural circuits involved could potentially be utilized for therapeutic purposes. Flavonoids are the polyphenolic compounds which lead to phosphorylation of CREB in the hippocampus, followed by increase in extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and BDNF. Several members of flav...
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Pyrrolone-fused benzosuberene (PBS) compounds were semi-synthesized from α,β,γ-Himachalenes extracted from the essential oil of Cedrus deodara following amino-vinyl-bromide substituted benzosuberenes as intermediates. These PBSs compounds... more
Pyrrolone-fused benzosuberene (PBS) compounds were semi-synthesized from α,β,γ-Himachalenes extracted from the essential oil of Cedrus deodara following amino-vinyl-bromide substituted benzosuberenes as intermediates. These PBSs compounds classified as an attractive source of therapeutics. The α-isoform of PI3K which is a pivotal modulator of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, responsible for neurological disorders like epilepsy, found as a potential target molecule against these 17 semi-synthesized PBS compounds using in silico ligand-based pharmacophore mapping and target screening. The compounds screened using binding affinities, ADMET properties, and toxicity that were accessed by in silico docking simulations and pharmacokinetics profiling. Ultimately two compounds viz., PBS-8 and PBS-9 were selected for further in vivo evaluation using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced clonic convulsions. Additionally, gene expression studies performed for the ge...
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Research Interests:
Apigenin is the most common bioflavonoid known to be biologically active after systemic administration and show multiple pharmacological effects. The present study was designed to explore the role of apigenin in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)... more
Apigenin is the most common bioflavonoid known to be biologically active after systemic administration and show multiple pharmacological effects. The present study was designed to explore the role of apigenin in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling associated cognitive and behavioural impairments in the mouse model. The animals were kindled by injecting a sub-convulsive dose of PTZ (35 mg/kg) on every alternate day, followed by 20 days treatment with apigenin at two different doses (10 and 20 mg/kg). Seizure severity was assessed on every 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th day during apigenin treatment after a PTZ injection, followed by analysis of cognitive and behavioural functions. Apigenin treatment displayed insignificant effect on seizure severity in kindled mice at both the tested doses, in comparison to control. However, the treatment showed marked increase in per cent spontaneous alterations and decline in the anxiety index in T-maze and elevated plus maze tests, respectively. Apigenin...
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Picrorhiza kurroa Royle (Scrophulariaceae) is an important medicinal herb being widely used in variety of ailments. The present study was envisaged to evaluate the effects of iridoid glycosides enriched fraction (IGs) from Picrorhiza... more
Picrorhiza kurroa Royle (Scrophulariaceae) is an important medicinal herb being widely used in variety of ailments. The present study was envisaged to evaluate the effects of iridoid glycosides enriched fraction (IGs) from Picrorhiza kurroa rhizome against cyclophosphamide (CP) -induced renal toxicity and peripheral neuropathy. Mice in different groups were pretreated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg; p.o. doses of IGs for 21 days, followed by cyclophosphamide intoxication for consecutive two days. Further, to identify the putative role of PPAR-γ receptors for the protective effect of IGs, an additional group of mice were pretreated with PPAR-γ antagonist BADGE (5 mg/kg; i.p.) followed by IGs (100 mg/kg; p.o.) for 21 days before CP intoxication. IGs pretreatment decreased the hyperalgesic responses toward acetone and heat in acetone drop and tail immersion tests. The abolition of intramyelin odema, cytoplasmic vacuolization and axonal degeneration of sciatic nerve were observed in IGs pret...
Research Interests: Pharmacology, Chemistry, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Plant Biology, Biology, and 15 moreKidney diseases, Inflammation, Apoptosis, Medicine, Phytomedicine, Kidney, Mice, Animals, Male, NF-kappa B, Sciatic Nerve, Rhizome, Cyclophosphamide, iridoid glycosides, and Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Crocin is a pharmacologically active carotenoid pigment mainly present in the stigmas of Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae). It has been well explored in experimental animal models of cognitive impairments, depression, anxiety and epilepsy.... more
Crocin is a pharmacologically active carotenoid pigment mainly present in the stigmas of Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae). It has been well explored in experimental animal models of cognitive impairments, depression, anxiety and epilepsy. This study was designed to understand the effect of crocin on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling development and its associated cognitive deficit in mouse. Crocin treatment at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg p.o. doses showed a marked reduction in severity of PTZ-induced seizures. There was an increase in novel object preference index and discrimination ratio in the crocin-treated groups in the novel object recognition test. Its treatment also increased percentage spontaneous alternations in T-maze test at all the tested doses. Histopathological examination by Nissl staining showed a reduction in dark neurons in the hippocampal pyramidal layer of crocin-treated animals in contrast to vehicle control, indicating a decrease in neuronal damage. Biochemical esti...
Research Interests: Pharmacology, Chemistry, Carotenoids, Medicine, Hippocampus, and 15 moreReactive Oxygen Species, Mice, Animals, Male, Neurons, Crocus, Kindling, Maze Learning, Cognition disorders, Pentylenetetrazole, Hippocampal formation, Cognitive dysfunction, Crocin, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences, and Crocus sativus
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Research Interests:
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... WH, Elvin-Lewis MP. Medicinal plants as sources of new therapeutics. Ann Mo Bot Gard. 1995;82:16-24. Back to cited text no. 2. 3. Vyawahare NS, Khandelwal AR, Batra VR, Nikam AP. Herbal anticonvulsants. J Herb Med Toxicol 2007;1:9-14.... more
... WH, Elvin-Lewis MP. Medicinal plants as sources of new therapeutics. Ann Mo Bot Gard. 1995;82:16-24. Back to cited text no. 2. 3. Vyawahare NS, Khandelwal AR, Batra VR, Nikam AP. Herbal anticonvulsants. J Herb Med Toxicol 2007;1:9-14. Back to cited text no. 3. 4. Singh D ...
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Research Interests: Pharmacology, Animal Behavior, Depression, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Plant Biology, and 15 moreEpilepsy, Ethnopharmacology, Medicine, Phytotherapy, Brain, Mice, Animals, Male, Norepinephrine, Plant extracts, Passiflora, Pentylenetetrazole, CHRYSIN, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences, and Antidepressive agents
In our previous study, the saponin-rich fraction (SRF) of adventitious root extract of Ficus religiosa L. (Moraceae) was shown to have an anticonvulsant effect in acute animal models of convulsions. The present study was envisaged to... more
In our previous study, the saponin-rich fraction (SRF) of adventitious root extract of Ficus religiosa L. (Moraceae) was shown to have an anticonvulsant effect in acute animal models of convulsions. The present study was envisaged to study the effect of SRF in the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling mouse model and its associated depression and cognition deficit. Treatment with the SRF (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg; i.p.) for 15 days in kindled mice significantly decreased seizure severity on days 5, 10 and 15 when challenged with PTZ (35 mg/kg; i.p.). Marked protection against kindling-associated depression was also observed on days 10 and 15 in the SRF-treated groups when tested using the tail-suspension test. However, the SRF treatment failed to protect kindling-associated learning and memory impairments in the passive shock avoidance paradigm. The observed behavioral effects were corroborated with modulation in the levels of noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, GABA and glutamate in discrete brain regions.
Research Interests: Depression, Epilepsy, Biology, Saponins, Medicine, and 15 morePhytotherapy, Glutamate, Brain, Anticonvulsant, Mice, Animals, Ficus, Clinical Sciences, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Analysis of Variance, Kindling, Memory Disorders, Pentylenetetrazole, Glutamate Receptor, and Avoidance Learning
Research Interests: Pharmacology, Computer Science, Chemistry, Computational Biology, Medicinal Plants, and 15 moreMedicine, Anticonvulsant, Computer Simulation, Mice, Animals, Male, Ficus, Plant extracts, Analysis of Variance, Reproducibility of Results, Seizures, In Silico, Pentylenetetrazole, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, and Medical and Health Sciences
This paper introduces algorithm for the design of FIR filter. This algorithm simultaneously minimizes the error present in the magnitude and group delay. This method is used to generate non-inferior solution under interactive environment.... more
This paper introduces algorithm for the design of FIR filter. This algorithm simultaneously minimizes the error present in the magnitude and group delay. This method is used to generate non-inferior solution under interactive environment. To generate the non-inferior solution, weighing ...