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Abstract In the present study, the effect of fuel properties in terms of cetane number, density, tail end volatility, sulphur content and aromatic content on particulate matter (PM), soluble organic fraction (SOF) of PM and gaseous CO, HC... more
Abstract In the present study, the effect of fuel properties in terms of cetane number, density, tail end volatility, sulphur content and aromatic content on particulate matter (PM), soluble organic fraction (SOF) of PM and gaseous CO, HC and NO, was studied. From different ...
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The effect of the composition of a base oil matrix on additive response is an indication of its behaviour in a dynamic system. In this paper, a novel method involving quantitative 1H and 13C NMR to explain the molecular chemistry of base... more
The effect of the composition of a base oil matrix on additive response is an indication of its behaviour in a dynamic system. In this paper, a novel method involving quantitative 1H and 13C NMR to explain the molecular chemistry of base oil is used. Oxidative degradation of base oils (pure as well as additivated) has been studied using DSC. The results are explained in terms of molecular composition of the different base stocks to get a clear understanding of additive response in a matrix of different hydrocarbon oils.
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ABSTRACT n-Dodecyl acrylate (DA) and dodecyl-4-vinyl benzoate (DVB) were copolymerized by conventional free-radical polymerization (CFRP); atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and nitroxide-mediated living free-radical... more
ABSTRACT n-Dodecyl acrylate (DA) and dodecyl-4-vinyl benzoate (DVB) were copolymerized by conventional free-radical polymerization (CFRP); atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and nitroxide-mediated living free-radical polymerization (NMLFRP) with benzoyl peroxide, 1-phenyl ethyl chloride/cuprous chloride/2,2′-bipyridine, and benzoyl peroxide/2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy initiator systems, respectively. In CFRP and NMLFRP, toluene and xylene were used as solvents, whereas ATRP was performed in bulk. Mayo–Lewis, Kelen–Tüdös, and Fineman–Ross methods were used for the determination of the monomer reactivity ratios (r1 and r2). They all gave nearly the same values of r1 and r2. The reactivity ratios of the two monomers in CFRP, ATRP, and NMLFRP were 0.17 ≤ r1 ≤ 0.4 (DA) and 1.0 ≤ r2 ≤ 1.24 (DVB). The side-chain crystallinity of the copolymers decreased with an increasing DVB molar fraction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1818–1830, 2002
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The environment comprises all that surrounds us, i.e. the physical world and the biodiversity. We are surrounded by the diverse flora and fauna and the physical relief features like landmass, mountains, flat lands, deserts, glaciers,... more
The environment comprises all that surrounds us, i.e. the physical world and the biodiversity. We are surrounded by the diverse flora and fauna and the physical relief features like landmass, mountains, flat lands, deserts, glaciers, forest and the water bodies like ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, seas and oceans. Thus the environment can be defines as ‘Environment is that set of surroundings which influences the life and activities of an animate object, human or animals. It consists of the totality of all those external conditions and influences which affect the life and development of a living being'
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Bianchi type-V cosmological model of the universe with varying cosmological Term in general relativity are investigated by taking a relation n R R R 2. .. , where 2 1 0 n , R is scale factor. A new class of exact solution has been... more
Bianchi type-V cosmological model of the universe with varying cosmological Term in general relativity are investigated by taking a relation n R R R 2. .. , where 2 1 0 n , R is scale factor. A new class of exact solution has been obtained. INTRODUCTION Recent observations (Bali et al., 2007; Brokar and Charjan, 2013; Chandel et al., 2014, Dwivedi and Tiwari, 2012; Kumar and Singh, 2007) indicate that the study of Bianchi type cosmological models create more interest at present. In earlier literature, the Bianchi type models have been investigated by many authors (Mohanti and Mishra, 2001; Pradhan and Kumar, 2001; Pradhan and Srivastava, 2007; Rao and Neelima, 2013; Singh et al., 2007) in different context. Bianchi type-V models being anisotropic generalization of open FRW models are interesting to study. Bianchi type-V models are favoured by the available evidence for low density universe. These models have been considered by Dwivedi (2012); Singh and Baghel (2009). Singh a...
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In this study, decolorization and degradation of malachite green dye was studied using the laccase immobilized pine needle biochar. Successful immobilization of biochar was achieved by adsorption and confirmed through scanning electron... more
In this study, decolorization and degradation of malachite green dye was studied using the laccase immobilized pine needle biochar. Successful immobilization of biochar was achieved by adsorption and confirmed through scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). High laccase binding of 64.4 U/g and high immobilization yield of 78.1% was achieved using 4U of enzyme at pH3 and temperature 30 °C. The immobilized laccase retained >50% relative activity in the pH range 2-7, >45% relative activity at 65 °C and >55% relative activity at 4 °C for 4 weeks. The re-usability of immobilized enzyme was checked with 2, 2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) substrate and enzyme retained 53% of its activity after 6 cycles. Immobilized laccase was used for the degradation and decolorization of azo dye malachite green in aqueous solution. More than 85% removal of malachite green dye (50 mg/L) was observed within 5 h. FTIR and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis clearly indicated the breakdown of dye and presence of metabolites (leuco malachite green, methanone, [4-(dimethyl amino)pheny]phenyl and 3-dimethyl-phenyl amine) in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis confirmed the dye degradation. Phytotoxicity analysis indicated that the enzymatic degradation resulted in lesser toxic metabolites than the original dye. Thus, laccase immobilized biochar can be used as an efficient biocatalytic agent to remove dye from water.
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Microbial lipids (bacterial, yeast, or algal) production and its utilization as a feedstock for biodiesel production in a sustainable and economical way along with waste degradation is a promising technology. Oleaginous yeasts have... more
Microbial lipids (bacterial, yeast, or algal) production and its utilization as a feedstock for biodiesel production in a sustainable and economical way along with waste degradation is a promising technology. Oleaginous yeasts have demonstrated multiple advantages over algae and bacteria such as high lipid yields, lipid similarity to vegetable oil, and requirement of lesser area for cultivation. Oleaginous yeasts grown on lignocellulosic solid waste as renewable feedstocks have been widely reported and reviewed. Recently, industrial effluents and other liquid wastes have been evaluated as feedstocks for biodiesel production from oleaginous yeasts. The idea of the utilization of wastewater for the growth of oleaginous yeasts for simultaneous wastewater treatment and lipid production is gaining attention among researchers. However, the detailed knowledge on the economic aspects of different process involved during the conversion of oleaginous yeast into lipids hinders its large-scale application. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of yeast-derived biodiesel production by utilizing industrial effluents and other liquid wastes as feedstocks. Various technologies for biomass harvesting, lipid extraction and the economic aspects specifically focused on yeast biodiesel production were also analyzed and reported in this review. The utilization of liquid wastes and the incorporation of cost-efficient harvesting and lipid extraction strategy would facilitate large-scale commercialization of biodiesel production from oleaginous yeasts in near future.
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This paper introduces an approach to Reinforcement Learning Algorithm by introducing reduct concept of rough set methodology using a variation of Q-Learning algorithm. Unlike the conventional Q-Learning, the proposed algorithm calculates... more
This paper introduces an approach to Reinforcement Learning Algorithm by introducing reduct concept of rough set methodology using a variation of Q-Learning algorithm. Unlike the conventional Q-Learning, the proposed algorithm calculates the reduct from look up table of previous episodes. In modified algorithm first action selection of an agent will based upon the reduct of previous episode. In Q-learning algorithm an agent makes action selections in an effort to maximize a return obtained from the environment. Agent will changes its policy for future actions based upon return. The problem considered in this paper is convergence of Q-value that takes more episodes in conventional Q-learning. The solution to this problem results from a new form Q-learning algorithm by calculating the reduct of previous episodes. The framework provided by a reduct based Q-Learning algorithm in order to simplify the learned moves and interested in eliminating conditional moves of an Agent. Effectiveness of proposed algorithm is simulated in a 10 x 10 Grid world deterministic environment and the result for the two forms of Q-Learning Algorithms is given.
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... Punit Pandey Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jaypee Institute of Engineering & Technology, Guna, INDIA pandey02_bit@rediffmail.com ... A data (information) table IS is represented by a pair (U, A), where U is a... more
... Punit Pandey Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jaypee Institute of Engineering & Technology, Guna, INDIA pandey02_bit@rediffmail.com ... A data (information) table IS is represented by a pair (U, A), where U is a non-empty, finite set of elements and A is a non ...
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Angiogenesis is a promising area of research that targets key therapeutic areas like cancer; wound healing, inflammatory diseases, etc. There is an increasing demand for screening of potential angiogenic and anti-angiogenic agents using... more
Angiogenesis is a promising area of research that targets key therapeutic areas like cancer; wound healing, inflammatory diseases, etc. There is an increasing demand for screening of potential angiogenic and anti-angiogenic agents using sensitive, robust cell-based assays. We have developed a reporter vector containing cis-acting elements that respond to growth factors/angiogenic ligands for use in a cell-based luciferase reporter assay. We performed transient transfection of our reporter gene vector in MCF-7 cells to establish its application for screening of potential pro/anti-angiogenic agents. Reporter gene transactivation studies with different concentrations of fetal bovine serum clearly indicated that the vector is functionally responsive to the angiogenic signals mediated by serum growth factors. We also used endostatin to inhibit transactivation and prove responsiveness to the anti-angiogenic agent. This vector is a promising tool for studying angiogenesis using cell-based reporter gene assays.