Dr. Rizwana Bashir

In developing nations, environmental policies have not given nearly enough consideration to the role that environmentally friendly innovation plays. Green innovation and long-term financial performance are extremely dependent on one another. Despite the fact that numerous studies have investigated the impact that a variety of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities have had on environmental sustainability, relatively few have investigated the implications of green innovation strategies and sustainability. From the mid-2021 through to mid-2022, information was gathered from 184 businesses listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) across 12 different industries. Estimates of the results were obtained by the use of structural equation modeling using partial least squares (PLS-SEM). The outcomes of the study indicated that all parts of CSR were positively significant in the process of fostering environmentally sustainable growth, with the exception of one aspect of CSR that w...

It is defined as the time when a work or formation passings, past, or will pass in an action. Time management is one of the issues of that are difficult to manage in the aviation operation managent process. When the aircraft is in place, time management is one of the important elements to make operational processes effective and efficient. Planned time-out in the ground operation process cause delays. Some of the deviations in the process are prevented by the management of staff. The source of precautions is usually internal factor. However, perceptions that some external factors, such as weather, are effective can not be managed by staff. If the aircraft can not depart at the time of departure, the reasons for the delay are classified based on the IATA Standard delay codes.  The IATA delay codes were taken as reference during the survey. A  questionnaire consisting of IATA delay codes was applied to the employees working in the aviation sector in Turkey. When the results of the questionnaire and findings were analyzed by Chi-square analysis and Binomial test method using SPSS program and reliability of the data was determined by KMO & Bartlett test. Based on the current study, time planning is important in aviation operations. An analysis of external factors that cannot be controlled, such as the internal factors that can be corrected for the problems caused by the system-induced or human factor for the correct operation of the planned time, and the constraints imposed on the environmental conditions or the operation of the system must be well analyzed.

Purpose- This study is aimed at identifying internal impact of the corporate social responsibility activities - an impact on the employees of the organizations engaged in these activities. It explores as how the organizations' engagement in these activities positively affects the employees' feelings towards the organizations reshaping their level of motivation, performance and intention of remaining with the organizations for a longer time. Methodology/sample- Philosophy we used in this research is interpretivism. Because we interpreted meaning out of the activities and data collected. Sample size for the study was 30 employees working for different business organizations of Karachi comprising 14 female and 16 male employees. The participants were between 24 and 50 years of age Findings- The study concluded that organizations' indulgence in corporate social responsibility activities positively impacts employees' attitude towards the organization resulting into better...

Green innovation hasn't gotten much attention as a factor of environmental policies in developing countries like Pakistan. Green innovation and long-term financial performance are very much dependent yet; despite the fact that many studies have looked into the influence of various corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities on environmental sustainability, few have looked into the implications of green innovation strategies and sustainability. From January to December 2021, data were collected from the respondent of 184 listed companies of 12 sectors of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The results were estimated by using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). According to the findings of the study, all aspects of CSR were determined to be favorably significant in promoting environmentally sustainable growth except one aspect of CSR to consumers. Furthermore the mediation effect of green innovation is also aided by environmentally sustainable development.

Purpose: The primary goal of this study is to look at the behavioral factors that influence an individual's decision to invest in the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX).Design/methodology/approach: Existing behavioral finance theories serve as a foundation for hypotheses. Further hypotheses were investigated by disseminating questionnaire results from a number of individual Pakistani investors. Brokerage and asset management fund managers were also questioned in semi-structured interviews. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences, and latent variables were identified using the structural equation model (SEM) and an asset management operating system (AMOS).Findings: Individual investor investment decisions in the PSX are influenced by five behavioral factors: herding, market, prospect, overconfidence and gambler fallacy and anchoring-ability bias. The majority of the variables have a modest impact; however, the market component has a significan...

In today's world where technology, advancement, trade, business and modernization has been increasing day by day countries are emphasizing on business sector and individuals are focusing on earning more and more money but some peoples are still depressed and deprived due to rampant inflation and poor economic conditions the only solution for their problems are non-profit organizations. In developing countries like Pakistan where government is not providing basic necessities to their citizen where the concept of welfare state does not exist these non-profit organizations' contribution is worth mentioning. The management practices, the satisfaction and motivation level of the personnel working in these nonprofit organizations should be given importance because they are serving the humanity. A number of researches have been conducted on human resource practices and their impact on job satisfaction and employee motivation but most of the studies have been done in developed count...

Abstract This research examines the impact of corporate governance on the performance of firms in Pakistan. Corporate governance revolves around the basic principles of fairness, transparency, and accountability. The term Corporate Governance is used to describe a process, which has been practiced for as long as there have been corporate entities. Corporate governance is critical to improving economic efficiency and growth. It serves as a deterrent to mismanagement and infuses discipline in the decision making process of boards of directors. A number of surveys of investors in Europe and the US show that investors eventually reduce their investments in a company that practices poor governance. This paper argues that, since the monitoring of the compliance of the financial aspect of the Code in Pakistan is being done by more than one institution, companies usually end up following it. The Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan has not introduced any proper institution to check companies' compliance with the non-financial aspect of the code, and there is no proper tool in place to gauge if the companies are really complying with it. Companies' compliance with the non-financial aspect of the code usually remains on paper only, and the Code of Corporate Governance has no direct effect on companies' performance.

This research paper examines the relationship between various factors that affect the consumer behavior towards online shopping. Online shopping refers to the recent trends of being able to buy everything from home. The focus of this research is to explain the influence of five major variables that were derived from literature. These variables are trust, time, product variety, convenience and privacy, which determine how consumer-buying behavior is reflecting online shopping trends. Data was collected through the use of a specified measuring instrument. This instrument was a completely self-developed and standardized questionnaire that comprised of two sections. The statistical analysis of the data reflects that trust and convenience will have great impact on the decision to buy online or not. Trust is been considered as the most relevant factor affecting the customer’s buying behavior towards online shopping when it comes to younger generation.

The ambition of doing this research is to discover how the usage of social media marketing is helping young entrepreneurs in doing business activities with special reference to Pakistan. Many young entrepreneurs have taken advantage of their computer literacy and have started doing business through the web providing additional income to their families in such dire economic conditions. This research helped in identifying various opportunities that social media marketing has helped young entrepreneurs in expanding their business and to create awareness among deserving and potential entrepreneurs about social media options. This research study also focuses on the threats of using social media by the youth. The results showed that social media is the most popular tool among entrepreneurs as it is a safe and secure system for earning their livelihood

This study aims at finding the most appropriate model for investigating volatility of gold-futures’ returns using various GARCH family models for Pakistan. Estimating ARMA (1,1)-GARCH(1,1), GJR-GARCH and GARCH-M models, this study finds that GJR-GARCH and GARCH-M are not appropriate models to describe volatility of gold-futures’ returns. Whereas, ARMA (1, 1)-GARCH (1, 1) proves to be the most suitable model.

In this study we are in the quest for most appropri ate GARCH-family model for modeling the differenced log Consumer Price Index (CPI) CPI i.e. percentage change in CPI for Pakistan. Using variou s specifications for mean equation, study estimated GARCH (1,1) and GJR-GARCH (1,1). The study also estimates EGARCH (1,1) for monthly data of CPI. The estimation results reveal that ARMA (1,1)- GARCH (1,1) comes out to be most appropriate specification for modeling inflation volatility. Th e study finds no evidence of asymmetry in the response of inflation volatility t o negative and positive shocks.

Purpose – The objective of this study is to determine the factors that contribute to online shopping loyalty in Malaysian’s e-retailing environment. Design/methodology/approach–The research aim of this study focuses on Malaysian consumers. The study undertakes an empirical approach and therefore, data were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire and 291 responses were found to be usable. The structural equation modelling technique was used for the analysis of the data with the help of AMOS 22. Findings–The empirical results show that website perceived usefulness, ease of use, privacy/security and e-scape are significant predictors of web site e-satisfaction and e-trust. Furthermore, to establish an online loyalty, companies need to focus their attention on e-satisfaction and e-trust. Practical Implications – Although previous studies have investigated the pertinent issues about online retailing. However, very few studies have been conducted in developing counties ...

The study of Food Insecurity of rice in Pakistan was to evaluate the impact of insecurity of rice on people of Pakistan.In Pakistan the rice stands for a situation where at one side there is rice available but on the other side the people don’t have enough accessibility of rice.The study will focus on qualitative research as this research phenomenon is comparatively new in Pakistan. Such study is rare so it is difficult to collect the data regarding the progress of Food Insecurity in Pakistan on rice. The research is based on the potential of rice and products in Pakistan related to the agriculture institutions, private representatives and government’s representatives. One of the biggest findings of this research was the gaps between realities and polices.The implementation from research will help government authorities, policy makers, market committees, traders, brokers, and exporters to understand the overall dynamics and mechanism of rice sector in Pakistan.

Purpose:-The trend of merger and acquisition is increasing in the Pakistani banking sector. The purpose of this study is to find out the basic factors which beguile banks for the merger and acquisition. Methodology/Sample:-In this study researcher took the sample size 2 as two merger cases one is happened in year 2010 (Faysal Bank & RBS) and one in 2007 (SAMBA & CCB). Researcher critically analyzed the pre and post-merger performance of FAYSAL BANK & RBS and SAMBA &CCB with the help of five financial ratios, Net interest margin ratio, Gross margin ratio, ROE, Debt ratio, Debt to equity ratio. Researcher utilized the t-test for testing the hypothesis. This study has adopted exploratory research as its first research technique which helped us in clarifying the research problem. Many constraints have been faced during this study for example bankers were hesitating to fulfill the questionnaires. Findings:-The result of this study suggests that after merger and acquisition firms can incr...

In today's world where technology, advancement, trade, business and modernization has been increasing day by day countries are emphasizing on business sector and individuals are focusing on earning more and more money but some peoples are still depressed and deprived due to rampant inflation and poor economic conditions the only solution for their problems are non-profit organizations. In developing countries like Pakistan where government is not providing basic necessities to their citizen where the concept of welfare state does not exist these non-profit organizations' contribution is worth mentioning. The management practices, the satisfaction and motivation level of the personnel working in these non-profit organizations should be given importance because they are serving the humanity. A number of researches have been conducted on human resource practices and their impact on job satisfaction and employee motivation but most of the studies have been done in developed coun...

This research shows that a large number of bankers are facing high stress because of their job and the reasons behind this stress include long working hours, improper reward system, lack of job autonomy, organizational culture, role conflict etc. and the main reason is lack of management support to employees. The employees can notice a number of symptoms indicating high level stress among them. However if these symptoms are not noticed in early stage, they can cause serious health problems among employees such as depression, heart problems, diabetes etc. Not only health but personal life of bankers are also being affected because of high job stress, most employees are unable to spend time at home or with family. However, with the help of proper management techniques by management, the bankers stress level can be reduced to great extent. The type of research conducted is 'Causal' as this research explores the effect of one variable over other. It aims to determine the cause-effect relationship between factors causing stress and their impact on banker's personal life and health.

Microfinance institutions (MFIs) are globally considered as distinctly effective way to make living standard of the people better. The purpose of conducting this research study is to investigate the growth prospects of microfinance programs in Pakistan to eradicate poverty. The microfinance program has been operative in Pakistan since October 1972 in one form or the other. It was first launched by the then government to attack poverty. But the current development took place in 1990s in Pakistan when most of the MFPs were established in the form of Microfinance Banks (MFBs), Rural Support Programs (RSPs), Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) or others. The responses of MFPs were quite encouraging. Most of them have demonstrated the expansion in terms of number of branches as well as the borrowers. The outreach is also expanding during the time period studied (2006-08). Though the rate of growth is very slow and currently MFPs could serve only 11 percent of Prospective clients. Large numb...

Microfinance has been recognized and proven as a most admired option to combat poverty in Pakistan. But another characteristic of microfinance which has become obvious is its greater inclination towards female clients. Through this study it is observed that a large number of microfinance providers (MFPs) give preference to female clients over male clients due to certain reasons. The overall aim of this paper is to explore the extent of gender biases by MFPs and finding out possible reasons responsible for gender biasness. MFPs in Pakistan are either operating with profit motive or with poverty alleviation motive. The reasons for female orientation reported by MFPs operating for profit motive are their dedication, hard working and commitment to make their business venture a success and also to repay their debts on time. Other MFPs operating with poverty alleviation motive give preference to female clients because females are considered to be the most deprived and less privileged segm...

This research paper examines the relationship between various factors that affect the consumer behavior towards online shopping. Online shopping refers to the recent trends of being able to buy everything from home. The focus of this research is to explain the influence of five major variables that were derived from literature. These variables are trust, time, product variety, convenience and privacy, which determine how consumer-buying behavior is reflecting online shopping trends. Data was collected through the use of a specified measuring instrument. This instrument was a completely self-developed and standardized questionnaire that comprised of two sections. The statistical analysis of the data reflects that trust and convenience will have great impact on the decision to buy online or not. Trust is been considered as the most relevant factor affecting the customer's buying behavior towards online shopping when it comes to younger generation.

Abstract This research examines the impact of corporate governance on the performance of firms in Pakistan. Corporate governance revolves around the basic principles of fairness, transparency, and accountability. The term Corporate Governance is used to describe a process, which has been practiced for as long as there have been corporate entities. Corporate governance is critical to improving economic efficiency and growth. It serves as a deterrent to mismanagement and infuses discipline in the decision making process of boards of directors. A number of surveys of investors in Europe and the US show that investors eventually reduce their investments in a company that practices poor governance. This paper argues that, since the monitoring of the compliance of the financial aspect of the Code in Pakistan is being done by more than one institution, companies usually end up following it. The Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan has not introduced any proper institution to check companies' compliance with the non-financial aspect of the code, and there is no proper tool in place to gauge if the companies are really complying with it. Companies' compliance with the non-financial aspect of the code usually remains on paper only, and the Code of Corporate Governance has no direct effect on companies' performance.