Eric Raimond

by Éric RAIMOND, in Res Antiquae 16, 2019.

The number Nine is well-attested in many ancient myths. It indicates the duration of reigns of King-Gods before Kumarbi, number of nights spent by Zeus with Mnemosyne to conceive Muses or number of days during when Titans fall down to Earth and then to Tartarus. Symbol of plenitude through Egyptian pesedjêt, number of Muses or of Priam"s vassals, it brings up the duration of pregnancy, either biologic or initiatic one. Nine days separate each step of the Odysseus travel, nine days of feast precede Belleropho's ordeals or try to prevent Phoenix from his parricid thoughs. The interpretation of the esosterists tends to show this number as a form of sexual transcendance, throug the archetypal figure of the Hermit in the medieval Tarot.

Keywords: Kumarbi, Hesiodus, Belleropho, Homerus, Gematria, Symbolism

Table of contents and details: http://www.safranpublishers.com/proddetail.php?prod=RANT16

Détails et résumé sur http://www.safran.be/proddetail.php?prod=RANT16

by Éric RAIMOND, in Res Antiquae 17, 2020.

Paper about Apollo’s origins through Theonym’s etymology, reflection on first possible appearences in Hittite and Linear B, how he looks like in Ilias and Traditions close to his birth place. We wonder if he owns a Greek or an Asianic origin.


Keywords: Apollo, Homerus, linear B, hittite, asianism
-------------------------------------------------------------
Table of contents and details: http://www.safranpublishers.com/proddetail.php?prod=RANT17

par Éric RAIMOND, dans Res Antiquae 20, 2023.

// À travers une étude philologique et une nouvelle traduction de la chronique mythologique de Hiéron (TAM II.174), je m'intéresse à l'épiphanie des images de pierre de l'Artemis de Pinara et de l'Apollon de Lopta. Ces images peuvent être issues de la terre Theotokè et éventuellement d'un tremblement de terre du Kragos. Les deux jumeaux divins semblent tout à fait liés dans plusieurs aspects cultuels, cependant que leurs images sont are localisées en différents lieux. Artémis peut avoir reçu quelques éléments de la Vierge chrétienne, malgré le développement contemporain du culte d'Artémis Kombikè. Lopta peut avoir été un centre mantique qui avait délivré l'oracle mentionné sous la chronique de Hiéron aux Sidyméens). Ce document décrit une curieuse apparition de "statues" (ou de formes de pierre) à la fin du IIe ou au début du IIIe siècle de notre ère.

// Mots-clés : épiphanie ; Artémis ; Apollon ; Lycie ; Sidyma ; Tlôs ; Hiéron ; épigraphie ; Second rhétorique

// Through a philological study and a new translation of the Hiero’s mythological chronicle (TAM II.174), I focuss on the epiphany of stone images of Artemis in Pinara and Apollo in Lopta. These images may be issued from the land Theotokè and might have been born from earthquake on Kragos. Both divine twins seem quite linked in many cultual aspects, whereas their images are located in differents places. Artemis might get some elements from the Christian Virgin, despite the contemporary development of the epichoric Artemis Kombikè. Lopta may have been a mantic place, which have delivered the oracle mentionned below the Hiero’s chronicle to the Sidymeans. This document draw a curious appearance of some « statues » (or stone forms) of the divine twins during the end of the IId or the beginning of the IIIth century A.D.

// Keywords: Epiphany ; Artemis ; Apollon  ; Lycia ; Sidyma ; Tlos ; Hiero ; epigraphy ; Second Rhetorics

// Détails sur https://www.safran.be/proddetail.php?prod=RANT20_1RAI

by Eric RAIMOND, in Res Antiquae 18, 2021.

The Goddess Demeter has become an allegory of Nature, whom its complex nature and functions are not sought. Is its name as ancient as Mycenean Ages, under the noun Damate in Linear B ? Translation of PY En 609 we offered suggests it is the intendant of a sacred temenos rather than Goddess’ name. She is rare in the Epics. The Homeric Hymn, we propose litteral translation and short analysis, is the main testimony devoted to the Goddess. Here she is the fertilizer Agent of the Earth, like Telepinu, a new form of an Ancien Mother Goddess of the Sky, with uranian lineaments.

Keywords: Demeter, Telepinu, Eleusis, Homeric Hymn, Linear B, Homerus, Syncretisms, Zeus, Hades, Kore, Persephone, Gaïa, Hecate
-------------------------------------------------
Table of contents and details: http://www.safranpublishers.com/proddetail.php?prod=RANT18

Détails et résumé sur http://www.safran.be/proddetail.php?prod=RANT18_RAI

by Éric RAIMOND, in Res Antiquae 16, 2019.

As soon as the Dawn of the History, Humans express their will to overcome their human condition, specially their mortality, to access to a divine status. First heroes look like Gods, through their wonderful birth, their divine origin, their exploits. Vedic Litterature shows a great plasticity between humans and gods. In this way, Homeric world seems to have firmly settled this border, thanks to Apollo, in spite of breaches from Athena. First great quest of immortality is Gilgames’. But this quest failed. Death of Herakles however allows to access to apotheosis and reconciliation. These examples show a will to overcome, mainly through the fights against monsters which represent the clash of Order and Chaos or, in an ethical view, Goodness against Evilness. In front of this active principle, Christianism will represent a paradigmatic change.

Keywords: Mahabharata, Râmâyana, Gilgames, Tarhunt, Illuyanka, Typhoeus, Zeus, Apollo, Hérakles, Diomedus, Apotheosis

Table of contents and details: http://www.safranpublishers.com/proddetail.php?prod=RANT16

Détails et résumé sur http://www.safran.be/proddetail.php?prod=RANT16

by Éric RAIMOND, in Res Antiquae 15, 2018.

The personnality of Goddess Leto is quite unknown, despite she is the sixth spouse of Zeus and one of the main victims of Hera. In the early texts of the Greek Literacy, we may discuss many aspects of this goddess. Thus, in the Ilias, she is sacrosanct as a spouse of Zeus but remains uncapable to defend herself in front of another God. In the Apollinian Hymn, she is the daughter of the Titan Koios, whom name evokes respect and fear and the Mother of the Twins Gods. Her beauty is also celebrated through the mention of her golden hairs. According to Hesiodus, she is the daughter of Phoibè, the “brightness”, and, as for Aeshylus, she may have occupied the prophetic seat in Delphi before her son Apollo. Kind and passive Goddess, she however appears, in the Lycian Legend, as a Magician, who punishes boukoloi by transforming them into frogs. Although she never fights, Leto remains a powerful Goddess, heir of Titans, Mother-Goddess and maybe Sun-Goddess with golden hairs.

Keywords: Goddess Leto, Ilias, Hesiodus, Lycian

Somes questions about pets in Lycia through iconographical documents and rare mentions in epichoric epigraphy. We focused on Dynastic times in Lycia and observed that reprensentations of such animals may be issued from an Anatolian Tradition.

RANT 4 (2007), p. 259-282.

This paper is dealing with some different problems about Lycian sanctuaries of Tlus and Patara. We have examined numismatic and epigraphic material of both cities, in order to give some new reflexions and hypothesis. The problem of an eventual cultual organisation of cities of « Tremilis », whom chief-city would have been Tlus, has been considered mainly from the so-called Sacred Law, Panyassis Legend of Tremilids and Panthera coins minted at Tlus. The Panthera typus has been linked to Belleropho's legend and possible second Storm-God of the « tloean amphictiony ». The problem of the identification of the masculine head on coinage from Tlus and Patara, which could be either of Apollo or or Hermes, has also been envisaged. The expression of « Maliyean Patara » in the Inscribed Pillar of Xanthus and the importance of Athenian coinage in the latest city let us wonder if Maliya's occurrences in Lycian epigraphy really concerned the Asianic Goddess in every cases or referred to Athena. But, we also wondered if particular representations of Athena on Patarean coins designed the Greek Goddess or referred to Maliya instead. Dans le cadre d'un programme de recherche conjoint sur les sources relatives aux divinités lyciennes 2 , il nous a semblé intéressant dans la perspective thématique de ce colloque, consacré aux sanctuaires anatoliens, de nous interroger sur quelques problèmes liés à Tlôs et à Patara. Le choix de ces deux sanctuaires a été suggéré par la présence du type d'Hermès sur des monnaies frappées au nom de ces deux villes.