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Research Interests:
The aim of the present study was to examine the periodontal conditions in an age cohort of 70-year-old women and compare an osteoporosis group with a control group with normal bone mineral density. 210 women 70 years old and randomly... more
The aim of the present study was to examine the periodontal conditions in an age cohort of 70-year-old women and compare an osteoporosis group with a control group with normal bone mineral density. 210 women 70 years old and randomly sampled from the population register of the community of Linköping were examined. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. 19 women were diagnosed with osteoporosis (BMD below 0.640 g/cm2 in total hip). 15 of them accepted to participate in the study. As a control group 21 women with normal bone mineral density (BMD exceeding 0.881 g/cm2) were randomly selected from the initial population. The clinical examination included registration of the number of remaining teeth, dental plaque and periodontal conditions. The radiographic examination included a dental panorama and vertical bite-wing radiographs. The subjects also answered a questionnaire about their general health, age at menopause, concurrent medication, smoking and oral hygiene habits. The results from this study showed no statistically significant differences in gingival bleeding, probing pocket depths, gingival recession and marginal bone level between the women with osteoporosis and the women with normal bone mineral density. In conclusion, the present randomly selected and controlled study of osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic women, showed no statistically significant differences in periodontal conditions or marginal bone level. As periodontitis as well as osteoporosis are associated with age, our study of a well-defined age cohort is of interest, but the results should be interpreted with caution since the compared groups are small.
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We report five novel mutations in the human Ca{sup 2+}-sensing-receptor gene that cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) or neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism. Each gene defect is a missense mutation that encodes a... more
We report five novel mutations in the human Ca{sup 2+}-sensing-receptor gene that cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) or neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism. Each gene defect is a missense mutation that encodes a nonconservative amino acid alteration. These mutations are each predicted to be in the Ca{sup 2+}-sensing receptor`s large extracellular domain. In three families with FHH linked to the Ca{sup 2+}-sensing-receptor gene on chromosome 3 and in unrelated individuals probands with FHH, mutations were not detected in protein-coding sequences. On the basis of these data and previous analyses, we suggest that there are a wide range of mutations that cause FHH. Mutations that perturb the structure and function of the extracellular or transmembrane domains of the receptor and those that affect noncoding sequences of the Ca{sup 2+}-sensing-receptor gene can cause FHH. 23 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
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Under designations like small areas action research and intervention, directed 'ground-up' health promotion and prevention in the population form an important part of the ongoing medical systems development. There is recent... more
Under designations like small areas action research and intervention, directed 'ground-up' health promotion and prevention in the population form an important part of the ongoing medical systems development. There is recent evidence of the success of community intervention against cardiovascular disease. In osteoporosis, however, there is still a lack of conclusive data on both the logics and logistics of such an approach. Since 1988, a county health policy program has been formulated and implemented in Ostergötland, Sweden, following the principles and guidelines of the WHO HFA 2000 declaration. Vadstena (n approximately 7,600) was chosen for a local and generalizable osteoporosis prevention project mediated by the primary care organization by means of health promotion and education in the community. In the present report we emphasize that community intervention is an important new advancement of the medical systems, where the basic research questions include operational an...
Research Interests: Information Systems, Health Promotion, Action Research, Evidence Based Medicine, Health Education, and 15 moreLife Style, Health Services Research, Health Policy, Cardiovascular disease, Medicine, Humans, Female, Male, Medical systems, Aged, Adult, Basic Research, Consumer Participation, Medical, and guidelines as topic
Serum concentrations of 25-OH-D in a group of 47 elderly people (70--94 years old) living in homes for the aged were lower than those in a matched control group living in their homes. No differences between the groups were noted in serum... more
Serum concentrations of 25-OH-D in a group of 47 elderly people (70--94 years old) living in homes for the aged were lower than those in a matched control group living in their homes. No differences between the groups were noted in serum ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphate, magnesium or parathyroid hormone. The low serum concentration of 25-OH-D may be due to less outdoor activities and/or a smaller dietary vitamin D intake in the institutionalized group. The importance of preserving an adequate vitamin D status in geriatric patients is emphasized.
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Different methods for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency were studied in 42 institutionalized elderly people. One group received ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on a large area of the body surface once a week for three... more
Different methods for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency were studied in 42 institutionalized elderly people. One group received ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on a large area of the body surface once a week for three months. The results were compared with those in groups receiving either 450 IU vitamin D2 together with 420 mg calcium daily, 420 mg calcium alone, or no treatment. A significant increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was obtained with UVR. A similar increase was obtained with oral vitamin D2. A small but significant decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase was observed in subjects receiving vitamin D and calcium or calcium alone. No effects on serum phosphate, urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate and urinary calcium were seen. Though brief UVR at one-week intervals is an efficient and safe method for prevention of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly, it is in our experience time-consuming for the ward staff and thus less convenient than oral vitamin D supplementation.
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Serum concentrations of 25-OH-D in a group of 47 elderly people (70--94 years old) living in homes for the aged were lower than those in a matched control group living in their homes. No differences between the groups were noted in serum... more
Serum concentrations of 25-OH-D in a group of 47 elderly people (70--94 years old) living in homes for the aged were lower than those in a matched control group living in their homes. No differences between the groups were noted in serum ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphate, magnesium or parathyroid hormone. The low serum concentration of 25-OH-D may be due to less outdoor activities and/or a smaller dietary vitamin D intake in the institutionalized group. The importance of preserving an adequate vitamin D status in geriatric patients is emphasized.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between forearm bone mineral density (BMD), calcaneal stiffness, and physical activity levels in a normal population using different non-invasive methods. The participants were... more
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between forearm bone mineral density (BMD), calcaneal stiffness, and physical activity levels in a normal population using different non-invasive methods. The participants were invited to undergo bone measurements using single photon absorptiometry of the forearm and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneal bone, and also to complete a questionnaire. Physical activity levels were designated low, moderate, and high in the question on leisure-time activity. There were 956 participants included in the present study. Forearm BMD in the eighth age decade was 0.40 g/cm2 (95% CI 0.33-0.46 g/cm2) lower than in the third decade among women and 0.28 g/cm2 (95% CI 0.18-0.37 g/cm2) lower among men. The differences in calcaneal stiffness between the same age decades were 22.4 (95% CI 17.5-27.4) among women and 15.8 (95% CI 8.0-23.5) among men. The correlation between forearm BMD and calcaneal stiffness was 0.58 (95% CI 0.52-0.64) in women and 0.34 (95% CI 0.25-0.42) in men. Reported moderate and high leisure-time activity levels in both genders were associated with higher calcaneal stiffness but not with forearm BMD. The QUS may be used to measure the effect of present physical activity levels on calcaneal bone at the population level. Further longitudinal studies are warranted in order to determine the most appropriate non-invasive method in population-based studies.
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Research Interests:
Vitamin D2 was administered orally as a single dose (2 mg) to 19 elderly subjects and 17 young adults. The maximum elevation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was significantly greater in young than in elderly subjects. To evaluate intestinal... more
Vitamin D2 was administered orally as a single dose (2 mg) to 19 elderly subjects and 17 young adults. The maximum elevation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was significantly greater in young than in elderly subjects. To evaluate intestinal absorption we also measured serum levels of vitamin D2 5 h after the given dose. A vitamin A absorption test was also performed simultaneously. Small differences between young and old subjects were seen with respect to serum vitamin D2 or vitamin A increments. In both groups the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was still elevated above initial level 60 days after a dose was given. No side effects, nor any change in serum calcium ion activity were noted during this period. These results speak in favour of the use of intermittent large doses of vitamin D2 as a prophylaxis against vitamin D deficiency in the elderly.
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Research Interests: Preventive medicine, Medicine, Prevention, Multivariate Analysis, Knowledge, and 15 moreProspective studies, Osteoporosis, Humans, Intervention, Female, Male, Regression Analysis, Intervention Studies, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Curriculum and Pedagogy, Preventive, Prospective Study, and Control Group
Without Abstract
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Research Interests: Nonparametric Statistics, Health Care, Fracture, Health, Medicine, and 15 moreOsteoporosis, Humans, Health related Quality of Life, Female, Bone Density, Hip Fractures, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Analysis of Variance, Hip fracture, Age Factors, Physical Function, High energy, and Fractures Bone
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Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Several life-style factors are known to or have been suggested to interact with calcium metabolism and bone turnover. Immobilization or a sedentary life-style may result in substantial bone loss, and physical exercise may increase bone... more
Several life-style factors are known to or have been suggested to interact with calcium metabolism and bone turnover. Immobilization or a sedentary life-style may result in substantial bone loss, and physical exercise may increase bone mass, to different extents in different parts of the skeleton. Excessive training and/or slimming may lead to amenorrhoea, which is in turn complicated by rapid bone loss. While calcium supplementation probably cannot override the negative calcium balance induced by immobilization or amenorrhoea, the calcium requirement may be enhanced during recovery from these states. A high body mass index may to some extent protect against bone loss, particularly in post-menopausal women. Tobacco smoking and high alcohol consumption are probably detrimental to bone mass. Insufficient exposure to daylight and/or insufficient vitamin D intake occur mainly in infants and elderly people, and may impair calcium balance and cause rickets, osteomalacia or osteoporosis. Whether high intake of caffeine, protein, phosphate or fibre is detrimental to the bone mass has not yet been clarified. In many populations smoking and consumption of alcohol or caffeine are negatively correlated with calcium intake, and this exemplifies a source of confounding factors. Increased attention would be paid to important life-style factors during investigations of calcium requirements in different sex and age categories.
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Four kindreds with hereditary hypercalcaemia have been investigated. Thirty-seven of 72 subjects examined had hypercalcaemia with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Hypercalcaemic patients had total serum calcium of 2.91 +/-... more
Four kindreds with hereditary hypercalcaemia have been investigated. Thirty-seven of 72 subjects examined had hypercalcaemia with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Hypercalcaemic patients had total serum calcium of 2.91 +/- 0.12 mmol l-1. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) was normal while daily urinary calcium excretion was subnormal (below 2.5 mmol) in 45%. Comparison with an age-matched group of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism gave a small overlap regarding serum human PTH, urinary calcium and the ratio between calcium clearance and creatinine clearance. Family screening therefore is of diagnostic importance. Twelve subjects had been subjected to parathyroid surgery before the correct diagnosis was settled, none of the cases had an adenoma. Three patients became normocalcaemic and the others had persistent hypercalcaemia. One male non-abuser had seven episodes of acute pancreatitis before surgery and none after. The findings in all four kindreds are compatible with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH). This hereditary disorder of unknown aetiology, therefore, also exists in Scandinavia. It is of importance to consider FHH in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcaemia, since this disorder usually has a benign prognosis if untreated.
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Research Interests:
Research Interests:
A population-based study was performed in order to compare different definitions of peak bone mass, and to apply the corresponding T-scores for different skeletal sites to a cohort of 70-yr-old women for studying the prevalence of... more
A population-based study was performed in order to compare different definitions of peak bone mass, and to apply the corresponding T-scores for different skeletal sites to a cohort of 70-yr-old women for studying the prevalence of osteoporosis. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip, lumbar spine, and forearm was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic 4500) in 296 women ages 16-31 yr and 210 women age 70 yr. Peak bone mass occurred in women in their early 20s at the proximal femur and at 28 and 31 yr at the spine and forearm, respectively. BMD cutoff levels were compared to machine-specific cutoff values for the different sites. When applied to our cohort of 70-yr-old women, the prevalence of osteoporosis at the total hip was 9-25%, depending on which peak bone mass the T-score of -2.5 was based. The prevalence in the spine was 28-33% and in the forearm 45-67%. Osteoporosis in at least one of the three measured sites was documented in 49-72% of the population sample. Our results show that the use of T-score to define osteoporosis results in a highly different prevalence rate in a given population depending on the reference population and the skeletal sites chosen for measurement.
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An epidemiological study of 15.462 hip fractures in Ostergotland 1940-86 showed a large incidence increase mainly due to an increase in age-specific incidence of trochanteric fractures. A trendforecast assuming the same increase in... more
An epidemiological study of 15.462 hip fractures in Ostergotland 1940-86 showed a large incidence increase mainly due to an increase in age-specific incidence of trochanteric fractures. A trendforecast assuming the same increase in incidence as over the study period and a population forecast according to the official prognosis, predicted 70% more hip fractures in the year 2000 compared to 1985. The different forecasts models were validated for the year 1995 and showed a good correlation between estimated and observed number of fractures, but varied dependent on which fracture and prognosis model that were evaluated.A follow-up investigation of 11.517 hip fractures 1982-96 showed a downturn in incidence of female fractures and a continous increase for males, particularly of trochanteric fractures. A trend brake was thus seen and this continues up to 2010 according to our trendforecasts but may be counteracted by the increasing number of elderly after 2020. Gender ratio changed over time with increasing number of male fractures, more trochanteric fractures relative to cervical (c/t-ratio) and an increasing mean age of the fracture patient.Age specific reference values were established for bone mineral density (BMD) in forearm, lumbar spine and hip after investigation of 429 women 20-80 years, randomly sampled from the general population. Bone density was assessed from cross-sectional data for the various skeletal sites over an almost complete adult life period and these were then compared to values obtained from other studies, densitometry technologies and reference materials. Large discordances were found between the different technologies and reference materials.The outcome of using the T-score proposed by a WHO study group 1994 as a diagnostic cutoff principle for the diagnosis of osteoporosis (T<-2.5) and osteopenia (T<-1 - -2.5) was evaluated by calculating the resulting prevalence in a cohort of 210 women, 70 years of age. The use of different approaches in calculation of T -score and different reference samples, yielded unacceptable disparities in disease prevalence of between 9 and 72%. The differences were also heavely dependent of which and how many sites that were included in the diagnostic decision.We studied biochemical markers of bone turnover (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, hydroxyproline and calcium excretion in the urine) in relation to age, menopause and BMD, and their ability to predict bone loss in a 5-year follow-up perspective. Markers varied inversely to BMD, increased markedly at menopause and predicted bone loss over the next 5 years up to 75% at individual level, (AUC of an ROC analysis).A case. finding strategy using low-energy index fractures in forearm, spine, hip or humerus was performed to detect subjects with osteoporosis. 303 consecutive women 55-75 years with a recent fracture were examined with densitometry and a risk profile questionnaire. The lowest BMD was found in spine and hip fracture patients. Odds ratio for osteoporosis was at least 8 for a patient with a prior hip fracture. The number of previous fractures correlated inversely with bone density (Z-score). Despite 92% of the fracture patients (many with a multiple fracture history) had a low bone mass (t-score<1), only 15% had been treated for osteoporosis before the index fracture.
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The incidence of hip fractures in the county of Ostergötland in Sweden has increased dramatically from 1940 to 1986, mainly due to an increase in age-specific incidence of trochanteric fractures. The increase is most pronounced in people... more
The incidence of hip fractures in the county of Ostergötland in Sweden has increased dramatically from 1940 to 1986, mainly due to an increase in age-specific incidence of trochanteric fractures. The increase is most pronounced in people over 80 but is present even in age groups down to 50 years. If the age-specific incidence rates continue to increase, and the population of the elderly grows in accordance with the forecast, there will be 70% more hip fractures in the year 2000 than in 1985.
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Research Interests:
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The effect of 40 μg (1,600 IU) per day of vitamin D(3) on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and markers of bone and mineral metabolism was evaluated. This intervention study was designed as a double-blind randomised controlled trial.... more
The effect of 40 μg (1,600 IU) per day of vitamin D(3) on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and markers of bone and mineral metabolism was evaluated. This intervention study was designed as a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Forty-five community-dwelling subjects (32 females), age 55-84 years, at 58° North latitude were supplemented for 1 year with 40 μg vitamin D(3) plus 1,000 mg calcium per day, or with 1,000 mg calcium per day for controls. Safety parameters and 25(OH)D, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), ionized calcium, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRACP5b) were measured over the study period. All subjects supplemented with vitamin D(3) reached a 25(OH)D level above 50 nmol/L. Mean (SD) serum 25(OH)D increased from 50.4 (13.5) nmol/L to 84.2 (17.5) nmol/L, range 55.0-125.0 nmol/L in the vitamin D(3) supplemented group and the corresponding levels for the control group were 47.3 (14.1) nmol/L and 45.7 (13.4) nmol/L, range 26.0-73.0 nmol/L. No serious adverse event was recorded and the highest 25(OH)D level reached, 125.0 nmol/L, is well below toxic levels. BALP and TRACP5b did not change significantly over the study period. This trial suggests that a daily supplementation with 40 μg vitamin D(3) is sufficient to secure a 25(OH)D level of 50 nmol/L. No side effects were observed in the study group.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a dose titration model for recombinant human GH substitution in adult patients with GH deficiency, aiming at normal plasma levels of IGF-I. DESIGN AND METHODS: Eighteen patients participated and a start dose of 0.17... more
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a dose titration model for recombinant human GH substitution in adult patients with GH deficiency, aiming at normal plasma levels of IGF-I. DESIGN AND METHODS: Eighteen patients participated and a start dose of 0.17 mg GH/day was used except by two men who started with 0.33 mg/day. To demonstrate a clear GH effect the patients were first titrated, with steps of 0.17 mg GH/day every 6-8 weeks, to IGF-I levels in the upper range of age-adjusted reference values. The GH dose was then reduced 1 dose step and kept for a further 6 months. For comparison we investigated 17 healthy control subjects. RESULTS: Plasma IGF-I was increased after 2 weeks on the start dose and did not increase further for up to 8 weeks. Women had significantly lower GH sensitivity than men measured as net increment of IGF-I on the start dose of GH. GH sensitivity was not changed by age. The plasma IGF-I levels increased from 76.3+/-47.0 (s.d.) to 237+/-97 microg/l at the end of the study…
Research Interests: Medicine, Growth Hormone, Humans, Blood Glucose, Insulin sensitivity index, and 15 moreInsulin, Female, Male, Heart rate, Hypopituitarism, Clinical Sciences, Middle Aged, Adult, Body Weight, Patient Participation, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, Fasting Insulin, Lipoprotein a, Fasting Blood Glucose, and Paediatrics and reproductive medicine
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Research Interests:
Serum levels of 25hydroxyvitamin D (S-25-OH-D) are usually determined by a competitive protein-binding assay with either rat or human serum or cytosol from rat kidney as a source of 25OH-D-binding protein [ 1,2]. A preliminary separation... more
Serum levels of 25hydroxyvitamin D (S-25-OH-D) are usually determined by a competitive protein-binding assay with either rat or human serum or cytosol from rat kidney as a source of 25OH-D-binding protein [ 1,2]. A preliminary separation of 25-OH-D from other vitamin D metabolites and lipids is usually recommended as direct assays give high and variable values [3,4]. However, the limited solubility of 25-OH-D in water poses a problem in the analyses and may lead to incomplete reaction between 25-OH-D and the binding protein. Different compounds have been suggested as stabilizing agents for 25-OH-D in the competitive protein-binding assay such as betalipoprotein [1,4-71, bovine serum albumin (BSA) [7-91, polyvinyl alcohol [3] and polyoxoethylene sorbitan mono-oleate [lo]. We recently observed that gelatine was an efficient stabilizing agent, and the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the efficiency of gelatine in comparison with previously reported stabilizing agents.
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Bone mineral density (BMD) is used to follow gain or loss of bone mass but cannot detect changes within a short period of time. Biochemical markers of bone turnover may be of value for prediction of individual bone loss. We studied the... more
Bone mineral density (BMD) is used to follow gain or loss of bone mass but cannot detect changes within a short period of time. Biochemical markers of bone turnover may be of value for prediction of individual bone loss. We studied the relation between common inexpensive markers of bone turnover (serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), urinary hydroxyproline (OHPr), and calcium (Ca)), BMD, age, and menopause in a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal design comprising 429 pre- and postmenopausal randomly selected women aged 21-79 years (mean 50 years). A follow-up was initiated after 5 years (including 192 of these women), which focused on changes in bone mass and the ability of these four common markers of bone turnover (sampled at baseline) to predict future bone loss. A marked increase was observed for all markers at the beginning of menopause. During the postmenopausal period ALP and Ca decreased to near premenopausal levels, while OC and OHPr remained high even 15 years after menopause. We also found inverse correlations at baseline between the bone markers and BMD, independent of the selected marker or skeletal site, r=-0.14 to -0.46, P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05. The correlations between ALP, OC, OHPr, and subsequent bone loss over 5 years, was significant for arm, r=-0.23 to -0.36, P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.01. Baseline levels of all bone markers correlated significantly at group level with the 5-year follow-up of BMD for all sites. The ability of markers to predict individual bone loss was estimated by a multivariate regression model, which included baseline BMD, age, and body mass index as independent variables. ROC analysis showed a validity of approximately 76% for the forearm model, but was lower for the hip (55%) and lumbar spine (65%). These data show that the common inexpensive biochemical markers of bone turnover ALP, OC, OHPr, and Ca were related to the current bone mass and, moreover, provides information about future bone loss at the individual level. Future investigations should include an evaluation of the clinical relevance of markers of bone turnover in relation to fracture risk.
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Research Interests:
We examined 429 women, aged 20-80 years, randomly selected from the population register to establish normal values for bone mineral density (BMD) in Swedish women. BMD of the spine and hip was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry... more
We examined 429 women, aged 20-80 years, randomly selected from the population register to establish normal values for bone mineral density (BMD) in Swedish women. BMD of the spine and hip was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA; Hologic QDR 1000) and in the forearm by single photon absorptiometry (SPA; Molsgaard ND-1100). The recalled age of menarche was negatively correlated to BMD at all ages. There was no significant change in BMD from 20-49 years at any site except a slight decline at Ward&amp;amp;#39;s triangle. Bone loss was rapid at all sites during the first decade after menopause. Thereafter, BMD declined slowly in the trochanter and total hip but more rapidly in the forearm, femoral neck, and Ward&amp;amp;#39;s triangle. BMD in the spine even increased in the eighth decade probably due to osteoarthritis. The average change in forearm BMD during the 15 perimenopausal years comprising mean age for menopause +/- 2 SD (43-57 years) was -0.4% per year in premenopausal females and -1.6% per year in postmenopausal females. The corresponding annual percental change was, for the spine, +0.2 and -1.7; neck, -0.7 and -1.7; trochanter, +0.5 and -1.5; and Ward&amp;amp;#39;s triangle, -0.1% and -2.2%, respectively. Our normal values for lumbar spine BMD prior to menopause did not differ from published values or the manufacturer&amp;amp;#39;s normal values; however, our spine BMD values for the first decade after menopause were significantly lower (approximately 10%) than in other studies. Our femoral neck BMD values for younger women were, like those of several other groups, significantly lower than the manufacturer&amp;amp;#39;s normal values, but our sample of young women in this study was small. The prevalence of osteoporosis, if defined as t score &amp;amp;lt; -2.5 is highly dependent on the sampling of the reference population of young adult women, and also on the choice of skeletal site. Further studies on bone mineral density in healthy young adult women are needed.
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Research Interests: Mental Health, Medicine, Emotions, Humans, Health related Quality of Life, and 15 moreClinical Medicine, Female, Bone Density, Hip Fractures, Clinical Sciences, General Health, Aged, Cross Section, Bone Mineral Density, Hip fracture, Cross Sectional Studies, Case Control Studies, Motor activity, lumbar vertebrae, and BMC
Research Interests: Mental Health, Medicine, Emotions, Humans, Health related Quality of Life, and 15 moreClinical Medicine, Female, Bone Density, Hip Fractures, Clinical Sciences, General Health, Aged, Cross Section, Bone Mineral Density, Hip fracture, Cross Sectional Studies, Case Control Studies, Motor activity, lumbar vertebrae, and BMC
ABSTRACT: A population-based study was performed in order to compare different definitions of peak bone mass, and to apply the corresponding T-scores for different skeletal sites to a cohort of 70-yr-old women for studying the prevalence... more
ABSTRACT: A population-based study was performed in order to compare different definitions of peak bone mass, and to apply the corresponding T-scores for different skeletal sites to a cohort of 70-yr-old women for studying the prevalence of osteoporosis. Bone ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between forearm bone mineral density (BMD), calcaneal stiffness, and physical activity levels in a normal population using different non-invasive methods. The participants were... more
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between forearm bone mineral density (BMD), calcaneal stiffness, and physical activity levels in a normal population using different non-invasive methods. The participants were invited to undergo bone measurements using single photon absorptiometry of the forearm and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneal bone, and also to complete a questionnaire. Physical activity levels were designated low, moderate, and high in the question on leisure-time activity. There were 956 participants included in the present study. Forearm BMD in the eighth age decade was 0.40 g/cm2 (95% CI 0.33-0.46 g/cm2) lower than in the third decade among women and 0.28 g/cm2 (95% CI 0.18-0.37 g/cm2) lower among men. The differences in calcaneal stiffness between the same age decades were 22.4 (95% CI 17.5-27.4) among women and 15.8 (95% CI 8.0-23.5) among men. The correlation between forearm BMD and calcaneal stiffness was 0.58 (95% CI 0.52-0.64) in women and 0.34 (95% CI 0.25-0.42) in men. Reported moderate and high leisure-time activity levels in both genders were associated with higher calcaneal stiffness but not with forearm BMD. The QUS may be used to measure the effect of present physical activity levels on calcaneal bone at the population level. Further longitudinal studies are warranted in order to determine the most appropriate non-invasive method in population-based studies.
Research Interests:
Under designations like small areas action research and intervention, directed &amp;amp;#39;ground-up&amp;amp;#39; health promotion and prevention in the population form an important part of the ongoing medical systems... more
Under designations like small areas action research and intervention, directed &amp;amp;#39;ground-up&amp;amp;#39; health promotion and prevention in the population form an important part of the ongoing medical systems development. There is recent evidence of the success of community intervention against cardiovascular disease. In osteoporosis, however, there is still a lack of conclusive data on both the logics and logistics of such an approach. Since 1988, a county health policy program has been formulated and implemented in Ostergötland, Sweden, following the principles and guidelines of the WHO HFA 2000 declaration. Vadstena (n approximately 7,600) was chosen for a local and generalizable osteoporosis prevention project mediated by the primary care organization by means of health promotion and education in the community. In the present report we emphasize that community intervention is an important new advancement of the medical systems, where the basic research questions include operational and management aspects as equally vital and measurable requisites and results as other performance and outcome variables. We found that a community intervention trial against osteoporosis is both motivated and feasible and in this report wish to provide evidence on these crucial issues of logics and logistics.
Research Interests: Information Systems, Health Promotion, Action Research, Evidence Based Medicine, Health Education, and 15 moreLife Style, Health Services Research, Health Policy, Cardiovascular disease, Medicine, Humans, Female, Male, Medical systems, Aged, Adult, Basic Research, Consumer Participation, Medical, and guidelines as topic
Methods. At baseline (in 1989) 15% of the population in two Swedish municipalities was randomly invited to the study. The participants in the study group were invited for examination by forearm bone densitometry and a questionnaire... more
Methods. At baseline (in 1989) 15% of the population in two Swedish municipalities was randomly invited to the study. The participants in the study group were invited for examination by forearm bone densitometry and a questionnaire concerning lifestyle and risk factors for ...
Research Interests: Preventive medicine, Medicine, Prevention, Multivariate Analysis, Knowledge, and 15 moreProspective studies, Osteoporosis, Humans, Intervention, Female, Male, Regression Analysis, Intervention Studies, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Curriculum and Pedagogy, Preventive, Prospective Study, and Control Group
Some clinical studies have suggested that lower IGF-I levels may be associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease. We generated atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice with 6T alleles (6T/ApoE−/−... more
Some clinical studies have suggested that lower IGF-I levels may be associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease. We generated atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice with 6T alleles (6T/ApoE−/− mice) with a 20% decline in circulating IGF-I and fed these mice and control ApoE−/− mice with normal chow or a Western diet for 12 wk to evaluate the effect of low serum IGF-I on atherosclerosis progression. We found that the 6T/ApoE−/− phenotype was characterized by an increased atherosclerotic burden, elevated plaque macrophages, and increased proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α levels compared with ApoE−/− controls. 6T/ApoE−/− mice had similar body weight, blood pressure, serum total cholesterol levels, total plaque and smooth muscle cell apoptosis rates, and circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells as ApoE−/− mice. 6T/ApoE−/− mice fed with normal chow had reduced vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels and a trend to increased a...
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Trivariate evaluation of a thyroid hormone panel ... BERTIL a GEDAL , LASSE LARSSON, ANDERS NORR & GORAN TOSS Departments of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Informatics and Internal Medicine, University of Linkoping, Sweden ... KAgedal, B.,... more
Trivariate evaluation of a thyroid hormone panel ... BERTIL a GEDAL , LASSE LARSSON, ANDERS NORR & GORAN TOSS Departments of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Informatics and Internal Medicine, University of Linkoping, Sweden ... KAgedal, B., Larsson, L., Norr, A. & Toss, 0. ...