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Details on imaging methodological procedures. (DOC 23 kb)
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OBJECTIVE: To identify a presurgical metabolic pattern using (18)FDG-PET which could predict postoperative apathy after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson Disease (PD). BACKGROUND: STN-DBS in PD has been... more
OBJECTIVE: To identify a presurgical metabolic pattern using (18)FDG-PET which could predict postoperative apathy after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson Disease (PD). BACKGROUND: STN-DBS in PD has been associated with postoperative apathy. There is an ongoing debate whether STN-DBS or drug modifications are causal in the development of postoperative apathy. DESIGN/METHODS: Nineteen PD patients scheduled for STN DBS surgery, not clinically apathetic (Lille Apathy Rating Scale [LARS]<-16) nor depressed (Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] <21) underwent a (18) FDG-PET scan before STN-DBS and were assessed with LARS and MADRS before and one year after surgery. Whole-brain voxel-based (18)FDG-PET intergroup comparison was evaluated between patients with and without postoperative apathy, using SPM8 (p < 0.005, uncorrected). RESULTS: Five patients became apathetic after surgery (LARS蠅-16). Positive correlation were observed between the postoperative LARS and presurgical cerebral metabolism in posterior fossa (p=0.030), temporal area (p=0.038) and cingulum (p=0.057). CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results confirm that frontal, temporal and posterior area are implicated in apathy (Robert et al, 2012) but suggest a metabolic predisposition to post STN-DBS apathy. This may indicate that STN-DBS and perioperative drug modifications are not the exclusive causes of postoperative apathy. Disclosure: Dr. Gesquiere-Dando has nothing to disclose. Dr. Guedj has nothing to disclose. Dr. Witjas has received personal compensation for activities with GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Medtronic Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., and UCB Pharma. Dr. Fluchere has nothing to disclose. Dr. Delfini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mundler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Azulay has received personal compensation for activities with GlaxoSmithKlyne Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., UCB Pharma, Novartis, Teva Neuroscience, and Lundbeck Research USA, Inc. Dr. Eusebio has nothing to disclose.
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Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) are two atypical parkinsonian syndromes first described half a century ago. The spectrum of these conditions as well as, more generally, the concept of tauopathy... more
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) are two atypical parkinsonian syndromes first described half a century ago. The spectrum of these conditions as well as, more generally, the concept of tauopathy have dramatically changed over the past decade and especially in recent years. In particular, clinicopathological correlations have led to the description of several subtypes of these diseases and the features they share with other neurodegenerative diseases. The present paper is a review of how the concepts of PSP and CBD have evolved over time. In particular, it focuses on the different presentations of the disease and the overlapping syndromes that can complicate the differential diagnoses. Also discussed are some of the tools that may prove useful in making a diagnosis. Indeed, differential diagnosis issues are of particular importance in light of the likely emergence of pathology-specific disease-modifying therapies in the near future.
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TDP‐43 (TAR‐DNA binding protein) aggregates in neuronal inclusions in motoneuron disease (MND), as well as in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and FTLD associated with MND (FTLD‐MND). Mutations in TARDBP gene, coding for TDP‐43,... more
TDP‐43 (TAR‐DNA binding protein) aggregates in neuronal inclusions in motoneuron disease (MND), as well as in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and FTLD associated with MND (FTLD‐MND). Mutations in TARDBP gene, coding for TDP‐43, were found in patients with pure MND. We now describe TARDBP mutations in two patients with FTLD‐MND, presenting with a behavioral variant of FTLD and semantic dementia, suggesting that TDP‐43 may also have a direct pathogenic role in FTLD disorders. Ann Neurol 2009;65:470–474
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International audienceThe aim of this study was to investigate the functional brain substrate ă of quality of life (QoL) in patients with schizophrenia. Participants ă comprised 130 right-handed patients with schizophrenia who underwent ă... more
International audienceThe aim of this study was to investigate the functional brain substrate ă of quality of life (QoL) in patients with schizophrenia. Participants ă comprised 130 right-handed patients with schizophrenia who underwent ă whole-brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with ă Tc-99m-labeled ethylcysteinate dimer (Tc-99m-ECD) for exploring ă correlations of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with the eight ă dimensions score of the Schizophrenia Quality of Life questionnaire ă (S-QoL 18). A significant positive correlation was found between the ă global index of the S-QoL 18 and rCBF in the right superior temporal ă sulcus and between psychological well-being dimension and rCBF in ă Brodmann area (BA)6, BA8, BA9, and BA10 and between self-esteem ă dimension and rCBF in striatum and between family relationship dimension ă and rCBF in BA1, BA2, BA3, BA4, BA8, BA22, BA40, BA42 and BA44 and ă between relationship with friends dimension and rCBF in BA44 and between ă physical well-being dimension and rCBF in parahippocampal gyrus, and ă finally between autonomy dimension and rCBF in cuneus and precuneus. A ă significant negative correlation was found between resilience dimension ă and rCBF in precuneus and between sentimental life dimension and rCBF in ă BA10. Our findings provide neural correlates of QoL. Brain regions ă involved in cognitions, emotional information processing and social ă cognition underlie the different QoL dimensions. (C) 2016 Published by ă Elsevier Ireland Ltd
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Sirs: A subset of familial frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism is caused by mutations in the tau gene on chromosome 17 (FTDP17) [3].Among those mutations, P301S mutation has been reported in only four families [1, 2, 4, 6], and in a... more
Sirs: A subset of familial frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism is caused by mutations in the tau gene on chromosome 17 (FTDP17) [3].Among those mutations, P301S mutation has been reported in only four families [1, 2, 4, 6], and in a recent issue of this journal, three cases of FTDP-17 from a Jewish-Algerian family have already been reported by Lossos et al. [2]. We propose to complete the phenotype description for this family by providing the description of two members whom we have evaluated during four years. The dominant phenotype in previously reported members in this family was FTDP, with a more aggressive course and later age of onset than usually observed in P301S mutations.We describe a variant clinical presentation in the same family, with two members exhibiting a different phenotype with different treatment sensitivity and prognosis.
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ObjectiveWe aim to search for predictors of survival among clinical and brain 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) metabolic features in our cohort of patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA).MethodsWe included patients with a... more
ObjectiveWe aim to search for predictors of survival among clinical and brain 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) metabolic features in our cohort of patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA).MethodsWe included patients with a ‘probable’ MSA diagnosis for whom a clinical evaluation and a brain PET were performed early in the course of the disease (median 3 years, IQR 2–5). A retrospective analysis was conducted using standardised data collection. Brain PET metabolism was characterised using the Automated Anatomical Labelling Atlas. A Cox model was applied to look for factors influencing survival. Kaplan-Meier method estimated the survival rate. We proposed to develop a predictive ‘risk score’, categorised into low-risk and high-risk groups, using significant variables entered in multivariate Cox regression analysis.ResultsEighty-five patients were included. The overall median survival was 8 years (CI 6.64 to 9.36). Poor prognostic factors were orthostatic hypotension (HR=6.04 (CI 1.58 to 23.12), p=0.009), stridor (HR=3.41 (CI 1.31 to 8.87), p=0.012) and glucose PET hypometabolism in the left insula (HR=0.78 (CI 0.66 to 0.92), p=0.004). Good prognostic factors were time to diagnosis (HR=0.68 (CI 0.54 to 0.86), p=0.001) and use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (HR=0.17 (CI 0.06 to 0.46), p&lt;0.001). The risk score revealed a 5-year gap separating the median survival of the two groups obtained (5 years vs 10 years; HR=5.82 (CI 2.94 to 11.49), p&lt;0.001).ConclusionThe clinical prognosis factors we have described support published studies. Here, we also suggest that brain PET is of interest for prognosis assessment and in particular in the search for left insula hypometabolism. Moreover, SSRIs are a potential drug candidate to slow the progression of the disease.
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BACKGROUND Science is beginning to establish the benefits of the use of virtual reality (VR) in healthcare. This therapeutic approach may be an appropriate complementary treatment for some mental illnesses. It could prevent high levels of... more
BACKGROUND Science is beginning to establish the benefits of the use of virtual reality (VR) in healthcare. This therapeutic approach may be an appropriate complementary treatment for some mental illnesses. It could prevent high levels of morbidity and improve the physical health of patients. For many years, the literature has shown the benefits of physical exercise on health. Physical exercise in a VR environment may improve the management of mild-to-moderate mental health conditions. In this context, we developed a virtual environment combined with an ergocycle (the APTICE system). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of physical exercise in a VR environment. METHODS A population of 14 healthy subjects (11 men and three women, mean age 43.28), undertook 15 minutes of immersive physical exercise using the system. Measures included mindfulness and immersion disposition, subjective perceptions of sensory information, user experience, and VR experience (i.e., p...
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ObjectiveThe primary objective was to assess the characteristics and prognosis of pyogenic spondylodiscitis (PS) in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). The secondary objectives were to assess the factors associated with occurrence... more
ObjectiveThe primary objective was to assess the characteristics and prognosis of pyogenic spondylodiscitis (PS) in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). The secondary objectives were to assess the factors associated with occurrence of PS.MethodsProspective case–control bi-centre study of 1755 patients with definite IE with (n=150) or without (n=1605) PS. Clinical, microbiological and prognostic variables were recorded.ResultsPatients with PS were older (mean age 69.7±18 vs 66.2±14; p=0.004) and had more arterial hypertension (48% vs 34.5%; p<0.001) and autoimmune disease (5% vs 2%; p=0.03) than patients without PS. The lumbar vertebrae were the most frequently involved (84 patients, 66%), especially L4–L5. Neurological symptoms were observed in 59% of patients. Enterococci and Streptococcus gallolyticus were more frequent (24% vs 12% and 24% vs 11%; p<0001, respectively) in the PS group. The diagnosis of PS was based on contrast-enhanced MRI in 92 patients, bone CT in 88...
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The pathophysiology of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) is poorly understood. Functional neuroimaging data in various functional neurological disorders increasingly support specific neurobiological dysfunction. However, to date,... more
The pathophysiology of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) is poorly understood. Functional neuroimaging data in various functional neurological disorders increasingly support specific neurobiological dysfunction. However, to date, no studies have been reported of positron emission tomography (PET) in patients presenting with PNES. Sixteen patients being evaluated in a specialist epilepsy centre underwent PET with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-d-glucose ((18)FDG-PET) because of suspected intractable epileptic seizures. However, in all patients, the diagnosis was subsequently confirmed to be PNES with no coexisting epilepsy. (18)FDG-PET was also performed in 16 healthy controls. A voxel by voxel intergroup analysis was performed to look for significant differences in interictal (resting state) cerebral metabolism. In addition, metabolic connectivity was studied using voxel-wise inter-regional correlation analysis. In comparison to group analysis of healthy participants, the group analysis of patients with PNES exhibited significant PET hypometabolism within the right inferior parietal and central region, and within the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex. A significant increase in metabolic correlation was found in patients with PNES, in comparison to healthy participants, between the right inferior parietal/central region and the bilateral cerebellum, and between the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex and the left parahippocampal gyrus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing FDG-PET alterations in patients with PNES. Although we cannot exclude that our data reflect changes due to comorbidities, they may indicate a dysfunction of neural systems in patients with PNES. Hypometabolism regions might relate to two of the pathophysiological mechanisms that may be involved in PNES, that is, emotional dysregulation (anterior cingulate hypometabolism) and dysfunctional processes underlying the consciousness of the self and the environment (right parietal hypometabolism). NCT00484523.
Research Interests: Psychology, Epilepsy, Electroencephalography, Positron Emission Tomography, Medicine, and 15 moreHumans, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Male, Ictal, Rest, Adult, Seizures, Radiopharmaceuticals, resting state fMRI, Age of Onset, Anterior cingulate cortex, Socioeconomic Factors, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, and Medical and Health Sciences
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The cortico-limbic system, critically involved in emotional responses, has become increasingly central to models of psychopathology. Indeed, most psychiatric disorders are believed to be defined by some level of dysfunction in this... more
The cortico-limbic system, critically involved in emotional responses, has become increasingly central to models of psychopathology. Indeed, most psychiatric disorders are believed to be defined by some level of dysfunction in this circuit such as exacerbated limbic activity and/or inefficient prefrontal control. We here propose a novel functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm, the VAAT (Variable Attention and congruency Task) which intends to dissociate bottom-up from top-down subnetworks within the cortico-limbic circuit. Twenty-six healthy volunteers completed psychometric assessments and the VAAT Task. In this task, activity as well as connectivity between the amygdala, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was tested by varying three parameters: emotional valence, emotional congruency and attention load respectively. Functional relevance of this circuit was examined through multiple correlations analyses between BOLD/PPI (psychophysiological interactions) measures and trait anxiety, as assessed by The State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The amygdala, and its connections to DLPFC and dorsal ACC, was engaged in bottom-up emotional processing. ACC, and its connections to DLPFC and amygdala, was preferentially recruited in top-down resolution of emotional conflict. DLPFC, and its connections to dorsal ACC, was engaged in top-down attentional control. In addition, trait anxiety was associated with increased ACC and DLPFC activity but decreased functional connectivity between these two regions. This novel task provides a useful tool for exploring bottom-up and top-down processes underlying emotion. Furthermore, our findings suggest that trait anxiety is associated with less efficient connectivity in the higher-order cortical circuit involved in emotion regulation.
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Using a single imaging modality to diagnose Alzheimer's Disease (AD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a challenging task. FluoroDeoxyGlucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) is an important and effective modality... more
Using a single imaging modality to diagnose Alzheimer's Disease (AD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a challenging task. FluoroDeoxyGlucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) is an important and effective modality usedforthatpurpose.Inthispaper,wedevelopanovelmethodby using single modality (FDG-PET) but multi-level feature, which considers both region properties and connectivities between regions to classify AD or MCI from Normal Control (NC). First, three levels of features are extracted: statistical, connectivity and graph-based features. Then the connectivity features are decomposed into 3 different sets of features according to a proposed similarity-driven ranking method, which can not only reduce the feature dimension but also increase the classifier's diversity. Last, after feeding the 3 levels of features to different classifiers, a new classifier selection strategy, maximum Mean squared Error (mMsE), is developed to select a pair of classifiers with high di...
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Background Neurological symptoms are common manifestation in acute COVID-19. This includes hyper- and hypokinetic movement disorders. Data on their outcome, however, is limited. Methods Cases with new-onset COVID-19-associated movement... more
Background Neurological symptoms are common manifestation in acute COVID-19. This includes hyper- and hypokinetic movement disorders. Data on their outcome, however, is limited. Methods Cases with new-onset COVID-19-associated movement disorders were identified by searching the literature. Authors were contacted for outcome data which were reviewed and analyzed. Results Movement disorders began 12.6 days on average after the initial onset of COVID-19. 92% of patients required hospital admission (mean duration 23 days). In a fraction of patients (6 of 27; 22%; 4 males/2 females, mean age 66.8 years) the movement disorder (ataxia, myoclonus, tremor, parkinsonism) was still present after a follow-up period of 7.5 ± 3 weeks. Severe COVID-19 in general and development of encephalopathy were risk factors, albeit not strong predictors, for the persistence. Conclusions The prognosis of new-onset COVID-19-associated movement disorder appears to be generally good. The majority recovered witho...
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Purpose: To investigate which type, frequency, duration, intensity, and volume of chronic exercise might more strongly reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhance anti-inflammatory cytokines in human and animal models with Mild... more
Purpose: To investigate which type, frequency, duration, intensity, and volume of chronic exercise might more strongly reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhance anti-inflammatory cytokines in human and animal models with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia. Design: A systematic review. Data source: English-language search of 13 electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Sport Discus, Scopus, Cochrane, Psych Net, Springer, ScienceDirect, Pascal &amp; Francis, Sage journals, Pedro, Google Scholar, and Sage. Inclusion criteria: (i) human and animal studies that included exercise, physical activity, or fitness training as an experimental intervention, (ii) studies that addressed MCI, dementia, or AD, (iii) studies that focused on measuring cytokines and/or other inflammatory and/or neuroinflammatory immune markers, (iii) studies that examined inflammatory indicators in blood, CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid), and brain tissue. Results: Of the 1290 human and animal studies found, 38 were included for qualitative analysis, 11 human articles, 27 animal articles, and two articles addressing both human and animal protocols. In the animal model, physical exercise decreased pro-inflammatory markers in 70.8 % of the articles and anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL -4, IL -10, IL-4β, IL -10β, and TGF-β in 26 % of articles. Treadmill running, resistance exercise, and swimming exercise reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the human model, 53.9 % of items reduced pro-inflammatory proteins and 23 % increased anti-inflammatory proteins. Cycling exercise, multimodal, and resistance training effectively decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: In rodent animal models with AD phenotype, treadmill, swimming, and resistance training remain good interventions that can delay various mechanisms of dementia progression. In the human model, aerobic, multimodal, and resistance training are beneficial in both MCI and AD. Multimodal training of moderate to high intensity multimodal exercise is effective for MCI. Voluntary cycling training, moderate- or high-intensity aerobic exercise is effective in mild AD patients.
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Purpose Ketogenic diet (KD) is recommended to avoid intense [18F]FDG myocardial physiologic uptake in PET imaging. Neuroprotective and anti-seizure effects of KD have been suggested, but their mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This... more
Purpose Ketogenic diet (KD) is recommended to avoid intense [18F]FDG myocardial physiologic uptake in PET imaging. Neuroprotective and anti-seizure effects of KD have been suggested, but their mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This [18F]FDG PET study aims to evaluate the effect of KD on glucose brain metabolism. Method Subjects who underwent KD prior to whole-body and brain [18F]FDG PET in our department for suspected endocarditis were retrospectively included. Myocardial glucose suppression (MGS) on whole-body PET was analysed. The main exclusion criteria were brain abnormalities. Thirty-four subjects with MGS were considered the KD population, and 14 subjects without MGS were considered a KD failure. Brain SUVmax of these groups was compared. Second, the KD population (n = 34, mean age: 61.8 ± 17.2 years) was compared to a control group of 27 healthy subjects fasting for at least 6 h (mean age of 62.4 ± 10.9 years). A semiquantitative voxel-based intergroup statistical analysis ...
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FluoroDeoxyGlucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG- PET) is an important and effective modality used for diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). In this paper, we develop a novel method by using... more
FluoroDeoxyGlucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG- PET) is an important and effective modality used for diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). In this paper, we develop a novel method by using single modality (FDG- PET) but multi-level features, which considers both region properties and connectivities between regions, to diagnose AD or MCI. First, post-processed FDG-PET images are segmented into 116 Regions of Interest according to Automated Anatomical Labeling atlas. Second, three levels of features are extracted. Then the 2nd-Level feature is decomposed into 3 different sets of features according to a proposed similarity-driven ranking method, which can not only reduce the feature dimension but also increase the classifier's diversity. Last, after feeding the 3 levels of features to different classifiers, the majority voting, is applied to make the prediction. Experiments on ADNI database show that the proposed method outperforms other FDG-PET-based classification algorithms.
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Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) is an effective modality in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis since it can capture the metabolism changes in the brain, even in the early stage of AD, which is known as Mild... more
Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) is an effective modality in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis since it can capture the metabolism changes in the brain, even in the early stage of AD, which is known as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The widely used features for characterizing FDG-PET images are either voxel-wise or region-wise. In this paper, we attempt to characterize FDG-PET images from another point of view—gradients. For this purpose, the first and second order gradients are proposed to tackle the problem of AD diagnosis. Then the effectiveness of combined gradients is also investigated. The experiment results show that the first order gradients can give the best performance with an accuracy of 94.78% in AD diagnosis, which outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, while for classifying progressive MCI (pMCI) from stable MCI (sMCI), the combined gradients are suggested.
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L’objectif general de ce travail de these a ete de caracteriser in vivo, chez l’Homme, les reorganisations mnesiques retrouvees dans l’epilepsie temporo-mesiale pharmaco-resistante.Nous nous sommes appuyes sur une approche multimodale... more
L’objectif general de ce travail de these a ete de caracteriser in vivo, chez l’Homme, les reorganisations mnesiques retrouvees dans l’epilepsie temporo-mesiale pharmaco-resistante.Nous nous sommes appuyes sur une approche multimodale d’imagerie combinant etude de la connectivite et des reseaux d’activations mnesiques en IRMf, et etude de la consommation metabolique regionale inter-critique de glucose en TEP. Il s’agissait, notamment, de mieux comprendre la relative preservation mnesique retrouvee chez certains de ces patients, malgre l’implication du cortex temporal interne au sein de leurs reseaux epileptiques.Nos resultats, obtenus pour l’encodage d’items uniques non materiel-specifiques, apportent des connaissances nouvelles sur l’adaptation fonctionnelle des reseaux cognitifs au sein et en dehors de la zone epileptogene, expliquant les differences de performance mnesique en reconnaissance, et leur lien possible avec les reseaux epileptiques.Ces travaux suggerent, notamment, l’e...
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We present a 42-year-old woman with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and strong 18F-FDOPA PET uptake. 18F-FDOPA PET has high diagnostic accuracy in gliomas and brain metastases. The l-type amino acid transporter 1, targeted... more
We present a 42-year-old woman with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and strong 18F-FDOPA PET uptake. 18F-FDOPA PET has high diagnostic accuracy in gliomas and brain metastases. The l-type amino acid transporter 1, targeted by 18F-FDOPA and 11C-MET PET, is a cell-type transporter usually upregulated in malignant tumors, including PCNSL. In this line, strong uptake was already shown with 11C-MET in PCNSL. We report the same findings with 18F-FDOPA. Consequently, PCNSL is a possible differential neoplastic diagnosis of 18F-FDOPA uptake among neoplastic lesions.
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Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) brain images is of importance for better quantifying and diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer Disease (AD). This paper presents new features based on... more
Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) brain images is of importance for better quantifying and diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer Disease (AD). This paper presents new features based on first and second derivatives, computed on brain PET images and aiming at better image classification in the case of AD. Brain images are first segmented into Volumes Of Interest (VOIs) using an atlas. To quantify the ability of features to separate AD from Healthy Control (HC), the orientation field for each VOI is studied. First, 3D gradient images are computed. First and second derivatives over each VOI is then computed. Inputting the mean, then the first and second derivatives features within VOIs into a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, yields better classification accuracy rate than when inputting only the mean value as a feature.
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Anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis is a common and a treatable etiology of autoimmune encephalitis. Its diagnosis is a challenge because the initial diagnostic work-up is often normal. A 48-year-old man experienced... more
Anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis is a common and a treatable etiology of autoimmune encephalitis. Its diagnosis is a challenge because the initial diagnostic work-up is often normal. A 48-year-old man experienced cognitive and behavioral troubles, facio-brachial dystonic seizures and a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. First line tests excluded infectious, neoplastic, systemic inflammatory, endrocrine or toxic etiologies. Cerebral (18)Fluoro-desoxy-glucose (FDG) position emission tomography and research of specific antibodies in cerebro-spinal fluid and serum led to diagnose an anti-leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 encephalitis. Intravenous immunoglobulins and corticosteroids were partially effective. Cyclophosphamid permitted a good recovery. In the presence of acute neuropsychiatric disorders with a negative etiologic research, physician should think about dysimmune encephalitis. Facio-brachial dystonic seizures and syndrome of inappropr...