Gürcan Gürgen

Meyil and Kızören sinkholes are large karstic formations located in the Konya plain, Turkey. Seasonal distribution of planktonic community of these two karstic lakes have yet to be studied. In this study, samples were collected from pelagic station in different seasonal periods (March-July-October 2018) and their physico-chemical parameters were determined and evaluated with seasonal species composition. As a result, fifty-two zooplankton species were identified in the two lakes, amongst which are forty six rotifers, five cladocerans and one copepod. Rotifers were founded as the dominant group for both lakes. All species identified as a new record for Meyil and Kızören sinkhole lakes. Furthermore, this study contributes to literature by explaining the first detailed data for zooplankton fauna of sinkhole lakes in Turkey as of the sampling date.

Geographic researches are highly based on the works which are carried out in the field conditions. In order to gain more qualify and sufficient field experience of the geography students, doing these fieldworks is an unavoidable necessity. Although the importance of the geographical fieldworks and the field trips have been realized since the old times, at the present time there is a reduction on the number of these activities because of various reasons. One of the reasons of this reduction is the hazards and risks which can be faced in the field conditions. Therefore the risk assessment and the risk management which are done before the fieldworks and field trips have got significant importance. Despite in most countries there is a legal requirement for employers to assess risk and potential hazards in the field before the field trips; in our country these procedures are gone unheard. The extension of the risk assessment and management applications can provide to carry out the fieldw...

The debris-covered glaciers are observed all over the glaciation regions of the world (Alps, Antarctica, Greenland, Ants, Cascades, Rocky Mountains and ext.). The debris covered glaciers are the formations which occur as a result of the recession of normal glaciers. The debris, which can be transported easily in glacier as englacial or supraglacial during glacier advance, has to deposit over the glacier as a supraglacial layer during the recession. Once a glacier covered with a debris layer which has an enough thickness, its mass balance, motion style, energy transportation, hydrological and biological characteristics change and differentiated from the normal glacier ice. The debris-covered glaciers generally can transform to a ice-cored rock glaciers at the last stage of their formation. Because of these characteristics, it is very difficult to define the debris-covered glaciers by the experience and the information which is acquired from the bare glacier ice.

The Eastern Black Sea Mountains were substantially glaciated owing to the suitable geomorphological-climatological conditions during the Pleistocene. Glacial landscapes occur in valleys higher than 1800–2000 m a.s.l. The altitude of the Pleistocene climatic permanent snowline in the region is 2600 m a.s.l. The mountainous area is important for Turkey owing to six glaciers still present in these highlands. Today the glacier line in the area of Mount Kackar National Park is approximately 3000–3100 m a.s.l. Evidence of four glacier advances was found in the Basyayla Valley within Mount Kackar National Park area. Kavran Valley lies in the Kackar Mountain and is a N-S-oriented, typically U-shaped glacial valley consisting of a main and three tributary valleys. According to the 10Be ages, the advance of the Kavran Paleoglacier began at least 26.0 ± 1.2 ka ago, with the Last Glacial Maximum advance continuing until 18.3 ± 0.9 ka. In the area, there are 10 villages and 35 yaylas. All houses...

Turkish Abstract: Türkiye, enlem etkisi nedeniyle, Pleistosen’deki kuvvetli buzullaşma alanlarının uzağında kalmakla birlikte; güney Anadolu’da Toroslar, iç bölgelerde yüksek volkanik dağlar ve Kuzey Anadolu Dağları’nın özellikle yüksek doğu kesimlerindeki zirveler çevresi dikkat çekici oranda buzullarla kaplanmıştır. Belirtilen buzullar, Postglasyal dönemdeki iklim koşullarının etkisiyle eriyerek, büyük oranda ortadan kalkmıştır. Bu alanlarda, özel koşulların da etkisiyle korunabilen buzullar ise çoğunlukla sirk buzullarına dönüşmüşlerdir. Kuzey Anadolu Dağları, günümüzde dikkat çekici bir glasyal topografyaya ve önemli sayıda güncel buzul varlığına sahiptir. Bu dağların en yüksek iki zirvesine sahip olan Kaçkar Dağı (3932 m) ve Verçenik Dağı (3709 m) civarında yer alan buzullaşma alanları çeşitli araştırmalara konu olmuştur. Bu iki zirve arasında kalan Tatos (Dilek) Dağı ise nispeten az araştırılan alanlardan biridir. Ancak, 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında gerçekleştirilen arazi çalışmaları ve elde edilen glasyal bulgular, bu alanlarda daha ayrıntılı gözlem ve araştırmaların yapılması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. English Abstract: Due to its latitude, the geographic region of Turkey did not experience episodes of heavy glaciations during the Pleistocene Epoch. Historically though, the mountainous landscapes in Turkey have been covered with a remarkably high rate of glaciers due in most part to the Taurus Mountains in the south, the high volcanic inland mountains, and especially the higher elevations in the eastern region of the North Anatolian Mountains. Because of the climatic conditions of the post-glacial period a majority of these glaciers have largely disappeared. The glaciers which remain are protected by unique climate conditions present in some regions, and for the most part have become circus glaciers. Nowadays, the North Anatolian Mountains are home to a remarkable glacial topography and a significant number of glaciers. Two of the highest peaks in the region are Kaçkar (3932 m) and Verçenik (3709 m) and the glaciated areas in these mountains have been the focus of multiple investigations. Conversely, Tatos Mountain, which lies between the Kaçkar and Verçenik peaks, has.

Capans Mountains are situated in East Black Sea Region. These mountains are between Vercenik Mountains (3709 m) and Demirkapi Mountains (3376 m). Capans peaks have an average altitude of 3000-3300 m. These mountains are important glaciations in Northern Anatolia Mountains. The heights of Capans Mountains are covered with perennial snow and glaciers in Pleistocene era. There are 4 glacier troughs a lot of cirques and many glacial lakes in this area. These glacier forms are 10-12 kilometers long and reached below 2000 m. Altitude

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to study the geological structure and the physical geographical aspects of the Persembe Peninsula and nearly region which Is situated between Bolaman Stream and Melet River on the Central Black Sea subregion. The area reserched is surrounded by Black Sea at the north and Canik Mauntains at the south. It has been observed that there are three denudation sur faces on the region. The highest of them is about 850-1100 meters and belongs to Upper Miocene. The second is about 600-750 meters high and belongs to Pliocene. The Lower Pleistocene surface is about 250-500 meters high. In this study the climate, hydrography, soil, natural vege tation and land utilisation of the area is investigated too. Consequently the natural disasters, such as overflowing and landslides are also studied and considered

The Bear Cave is a karstic cave located within the boundaries of Kucukkunye Village of the Develi District of Kayseri Province. Located at 1830 meters, the cave is an old stream bed in the Permocarboniferous limestones, which has a total length of 160 meters and a tube shape. There are some types of stalactites and stalagmites on the ceiling and walls of the Bear Cave, although they are not typical cave deposits. At the base of the cave, there are cemented bones mixed with travertine mud. The existence of these human bones in the cave is important for determining the developmental process in karstic caves.

In this study, actual glaciers of Alada?lar which is one of the most important glaciation areas of Anatolia are investigated. As a result of the research, it is determined that the actual glaciers of the research area are covered with debris layer. The debris cover is the most important factor for existence of these glaciers until today. The debris-covered glaciers are different from the normal glaciers because of their responds differ to environmental changes. However, it is also very difficult to discover the debris-covered glaciers in the high mountainous areas by naked eye. These glaciers which are covered by snow in the most of the year can't be recognized easily, and also can be confused with the rock glaciers because of the debris cover when the snow melts. Because of its geomorphologic, lithologic and climatologic conditions Alada?lar has many debris-covered glaciers. Some of these glaciers have been known previously and some have been just discovered have got immensely ...

In the earth, there are silicified wood residuals due to the volcanic activities. A fossil forest, which was formed by silicification, exists in Camlidere near Pelitcik Village, Ankara. This area, which is known as Galatia volcanic mass, is southeast part of Koroglu-Isik Mountains. The silicification in this area occurred due to the effects of lake water contain silica and volcanic ashes covered the area. The volcanic elements in the region are aged generally to Miosen era. The investigations made on Camlidere fossil forest shows the date of the volcanization as 18.2-16.9 million years. Camlidere fossil forest is an important geological heritage in the earth since it includes species that are not found in natural environment in Anatolia at present.

North Anatolian Mountains are one of the places where the glacial located extensively due to cold climate conditions. The most notable samples of the glacial morphology are recognizable in Karagol Mountains of Middle Karadeniz Region and the glaciations\' impact extends to the peaks of Kackar Mountains which constitutes the highest peak of the mountains reach here the maximum rate. The peaks of Kackar and Altiparmak Mountains where the Pleistocene glaciations is the most significant are getting lesser but there are still notable with small glaciers that continue. The impact of the glaciations is getting lesser; however, the glaciations still exist in remarkable rates which extend from the north east side of Altiparmak Mountains (3562 m) due the altitude. The investigation area which is located in the northeast part of Altiparmak Mountains which is important area in the Northeastern KaGlasyal morfoloji, Altiparmak Daglari, TurkiyeGlacial morphology, Altiparmak Mountains, Turkey T...

Antalya korfezinin dogusunda Karpuz Cay ve Acisu tarafindan olusturulan kiyi ovasi, daha cok alcak tepelik alanlarla cevrelenmis alcak kiyi ozelligindedir. Kiyi ovasi gunumuzden yaklasik 4000 yil once gelismeye baslamis, Akdeniz kiyilarinin genc ovalarindan biridir. Calisma alaninda jeomorfolojik birimler, genel olarak, yasi Miosen olan Karpuz Cay ve Erken-Gec Pliosen olan Yenimahalle formasyonlari uzerinde gelismistir. Denizin cekilmesinin Gec Pliosen'de gerceklesmesinden dolayi yoredeki en yasli morfolojik birimler; En erken Pleistosen yasli asinim yuzeyleridir.Gec Pleistosen-Holosen donemindeki kiyi kesimi gelisiminin tarihlendirilmesinin amaclandigi calismada, birbirinden belirgin farklarla ayrilan donemler ortaya konulmustur. Calisma alaninda yuzey arastirmalarinin yaninda 3,5-21 metre derinliklerde sondajlar yapilmistir.Elde edilen ornekler laboratuar ortaminda analiz edilmistir. Bu orneklerden ortam kosullari belirlenmis, iclerinde kavki ve bitki kalintilarinin bulundugu ornekler C14 yontemiyle tarihlendirilmistir. Makro fosillerin bulundugu orneklerin incelenmesinde Bivalvia turlerinden Cardium edule ve Gastropoda turlerinden Cerithidea insulaemaris, Tegula pulliga, Gyraulus intermixtus ve Turritella terebra turleri tanimlanmis, ekolojik ozellikleri dikkate alindiginda bolgenin sig denizel etki altinda kaldigi, zaman zaman acisu ve tatli su ozelliginde de gelistigi belirlenmistir..Sondajlardan elde edilen sonuclar ve arazi gozlemlerine dayanilarak sahanin aluvyal jeomorfolojisi ve jeomorfolojik gelisimi ortaya konulmustur.

In big cities, the air pollution has become an important problem in parallel with the increasing energy use. The sources of the pollutants are the emissions from the industrial facilities, motor vehicles and heating systems. The climatologic factors play important roles on the concentration of the air pollutants. In this study, the relations between air pollutant (SO2, PM10, NO, NO2

... (Erinç;1945-1949,Yalçınlar;1951, Planhol ve Bilgin;1961, Bilgin;1969 Doğu vd,1993-1994-1996-1997-2000, Gürgen;2001). Bu araştırmalarda adı geçen alanların glasyal ... Çermeniman buzul vadisinin yukarı kesimleri sirkler, eşikler, morenler, bazı kaya ...

The taxonomic composition of a recently discovered silicified fossil forest, preserved by volcanic activity 18.2-16.9 million years ago in Çamlıdere near Ankara (Turkey), is investigated. Many samples collected were divided into 2 groups as CAM1 and CAM2. Thin sections from transversal ...

... 4.Sonuç Doğu Karadeniz Bölümü, Türkiye genelinde taşkınların ve sellerin en sık yaşandığı yerlerin başında gelmektedir. ... 6 Bu nedenle, yerleşime uygun olmayan dere yatağı ve çok eğimli vadi yamaçları, taşıdığı büyük risklere rağmen yerleşim alanı olarak kullanılmaktadır. ...

The Eastern Black Sea Mountains were substantially glaciated owing to the suitable geomorphological-climatological conditions during the Pleistocene. Glacial landscapes occur in valleys higher than 1800–2000 m a.s.l. The altitude of the Pleistocene climatic permanent snowline in the region is 2600 m a.s.l. The mountainous area is important for Turkey owing to six glaciers still present in these highlands. Today the glacier line in the area of Mount Kackar National Park is approximately 3000–3100 m a.s.l. Evidence of four glacier advances was found in the Basyayla Valley within Mount Kackar National Park area. Kavran Valley lies in the Kackar Mountain and is a N-S-oriented, typically U-shaped glacial valley consisting of a main and three tributary valleys. According to the 10Be ages, the advance of the Kavran Paleoglacier began at least 26.0 ± 1.2 ka ago, with the Last Glacial Maximum advance continuing until 18.3 ± 0.9 ka. In the area, there are 10 villages and 35 yaylas. All houses are built with stone and wood. The traditional activities of the population focus on animal husbandry, with a seasonal organization characterized by summer pasturing in the high sections of the mountains. In the National Park, approximately 13000 cattle and sheep migrate seasonally between village and yaylas, while honey production is another significant activity. On the other hand, the region provides exciting activities such as glacier and rock climbing, trekking, heli-skiing and nature photography, which attract foreign and domestic tourists.

DOI: 10.33688/aucbd.536616 Kuzey Anadolu Dağları’nın doğu kesimi, Pleistosen buzullaşmasının en etkili olduğu yerlerdendir. 3500 metreyi aşan çok sayıdaki zirveye sahip olan bu dağların, özellikle 2500 metrelerden yüksek kısımları kayda değer bir buzullaşma alanı oluşturmaktadır. Doğu Karadeniz Dağları’nın yüksek dorukları; Kaçkar, Verçenik, Tatos (Dilek), Bulut-Altıparmak ve Göller (Hunut) dağlarında, özellikle kuzeye bakan yamaçlarda bulunan buzullar ve buzul topografyası sahip oldukları niteliklere bağlı olarak pek çok araştırmaya konu olmuş ve olmaya da devam etmektedir. Kuzey Anadolu Dağları’nın bu yüksek doruklarının güneye bakan yamaçlarında da dikkat çekici bir buzullaşma etkisi, buzul topografyası, hatta aktüel sirk buzulları gözlenmektedir. Doğu Karadeniz Dağları’nın yüksek zirvelerinden birini oluşturan Tatos Dağı’nın (3550) güney kesimi, önemli bir buzullaşmanın meydana geldiği yerler arasındadır. Pleistosen’de etkili olan buzullaşmanın izlerini yansıtan tekne vadiler, b...

This paper aims to discuss the impact and importance of the karstic caves, which are effective on the emergence and development of cave art and the rocks that generate them. The origin of cave traces to 40 thousand years and the creation of many more works of art and the importance of the rocks to the present day is very important. In particular, carbonate rocks such as limestone and marble became important spaces and raw materials in terms of art history and development. Carbonate deposits placed in the large ocean bowls during geological periods have been elevated and altered land during orogenesis periods. The fact that the carbonate rocks are soluble due to environmental conditions has led to the formation of a large number of caves depending on the size and distribution of the masses forming them. These karstic caves, which constitute a significant part of the caves in the world, have been the habitat of old people for almost 1-1.5 million years. The caves have been very import...

A host of deleterious factors can impact the aging and integrity of historical monuments and statues. These may include natural causes such as water, wind, and temperature variation as well as the even more detrimental human causes of industrial pollution, urban warming, and fossil fuel emissions from vehicles all of which contribute to the development of acid precipitation. In addition, where the use of fossil fuels is wide-spread the occurrence of acid precipitation tends to be more prevalent and as a result serious damage can occur to the natural environment. Acid precipitation causes irreparable damage to vegetation, wildlife, and fish populations in lakes, streams, and rivers. Also, damage caused by acid precipitation can be quite recognizable on historical monuments and statues constructed from carbonate-based stone. The stone derived from carbonate sources such as limestone, dolomite, and marble have been widely used for thousands of years in the construction of monuments and...

In this research the glaciers and glaciated areas of northwest of Bolkar mountains and their geographical conditions have been studied. Recent debris-covered glaciers have been determined in the higher (>2900 m) parts of north and, partially, northeast-facing cirques of two glaciated areas of Pleistocene. The surface area of the largest glacier (Medetsiz) of seven glaciers in Karagöl and Alişan Glaciated Areas is 0,23 km2. On the other hand, Eğerkaya East Glacier occupies a confined place of 0,09 km2. While all the glaciers display the evidence of glacial karst, the Kopukgöl Glacier has exceptionally three supraglacial lakes. In the light of previous data, it is concluded there have been no notable regression in the terminal of the glaciers that since last 60 years. Due to the presence of a debris cover over the glaciers that hampers supraglacially melting, it is possible to suggest that englacial and subglacial ablation should be accounted for of the ablation of glaciers.

Türkiye'de yillik ortalama yağişin en fazla olduğu alanlar, Doğu Karadeniz Bölümü'nde yer almaktadir. Yilin tamamina yayilan ve yer yer 2500 mm.ye ulaşan yillik ortalamalarin yaninda, Doğu Karadeniz Bölümü'nde maksimum yağişlar da çok yüksek değerlere ulaşmaktadir. Bu alanda, kisa zaman araliklarinda düşen maksimum yağişlar, bazen bir aylik ortalamalardan daha yüksek değerlere ulaşmakta ve bu tür yağişlarin sonrasinda da çoğu kez taşkinlara

Özet Artan enerji kullanimi ile birlikte büyük kentlerde hava kirliliği önemli bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Ankara da hava kirliliğinden önemli ölçüde etkilenmektedir. Bu araştirmada şehir merkezinde bulunan Sihhiye istasyonuna ait veriler ulusal sinir değerler göz önüne alinarak değerlendirilmiş ve Dünya Sağlik Örgütü'nün önerdiği hava kalitesi kriterleriyle karşilaştirilmiştir. Çalişmada, Kasim 2001 ve Nisan 2002 dönemine ait değerler kullanilmiştir. Hava kirliliğine neden

Pleistosen'de etkili olan soğuk iklim koşullari sebebiyle Anadolu'nun yüksek dağlarinda oluşan buzullarin en yaygin olarak geliştikleri yerlerden biri de Doğu Karadeniz Dağlari'dir. Yükseltisi 3500 m'nin üzerine çikan zirvelere sahip olan bu dağlik alanda, özellikle 2500 m'nin üzerindeki yüksek kisimlar önemli bir buzullaşma alanidir. Doğu Karadeniz dağ siralarinin önemli doruklari; Kaçkar, Verçenik (Üçdoruk), Hunut (Göller), Bulut-Altiparmak ve Demirkapi Dağidir ve bu

... Günümüzde de küçük bir akarsu görünümünde olan Acısu'yun ağzındaki kıyı Page 9. 9 ... 04/3 ve 05/5 numaralı sondajlarda iri akarsu çakılları ile kumlu çakıllı depolara rastlanması, Karpuz Çay'ın örgülü bir drenaja sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. ...

Effects of North Atlantic Oscillation on Precipitation and Stream Flow at Büyük Menderes Basin Dr. Necla Türkoğlu, Dr. Gürcan Gürgen, Dr. İhsan Çiçek, Abdullah Ceylan Ankara University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Geography Ankara/TURKEYy ... S tan dard ised prc-flow ...