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To improvement of grains quality of wheat and reduction of micronutrient malnutrition in human populations as a basic method, current wheat varieties in Iran were analyzed for diversity of micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Beta-carotene)... more
To improvement of grains quality of wheat and reduction of micronutrient malnutrition in human populations as a basic method, current wheat varieties in Iran were analyzed for diversity of micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Beta-carotene) concentrations in grain. Eighty two varieties including modern, landrace and durum wheat were grown in field condition across two years to determine the importance of genetic, environment and their interaction effects. Remarkable variation among 82 genotypes exhibited for all micronutrients concentration in grains. Based on the mean of two years, the concentration of grain Fe, Zn, protein and beta-carotene ranging from 41.36 to 67.67 mg Kg -1 , from 36.37 to 73.80 mg Kg -1 , from 7.5 to 15.6 percent and from 0.96 to 1.69 μg g -1 respectively. Significant differences for Fe, Zn and beta-carotene concentration of grains were existed among genotypes and years. The interaction of year by genotype was significant for Fe and Zn but not for beta-carotene. Landrac...
Genetic relationship of 36 strawberry cultivars was analyzed using three molecular marker systems; inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) and start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism.... more
Genetic relationship of 36 strawberry cultivars was analyzed using three molecular marker systems; inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) and start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism. SCoT, IRAP and ISSR primers generated 238, 113 and 122 bands, respectively, of which 85.2, 91.5 and 89.35% were polymorphic. IRAPs with the highest values of expected heterozygosity (He), Shanonn index (I) and resolution power (Rp) were more powerful compared with SCoT and ISSR. However, the highest value of marker index was calculated for ISSRs. The genetic relationships were estimated using Dice similarity coefficient between different pairs of cultivars which varied from 0.577 to 0.901 for SCoT, 0.547 to 0.918 for IRAP, and 0.531 to 0.983 for ISSR. The UPGMA dendrograms using the SCoT and ISSR data classified cultivars into four major clusters; whereas based on the IRAP and combined data, the cultivars were divided into three major clusters. Approxi...
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ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: In the recent years, we confront to harmful effects of toxins such as herbicides on aquatic species due to irregular consumption of these compounds in agricultural operations and drainage of them to... more
ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: In the recent years, we confront to harmful effects of toxins such as herbicides on aquatic species due to irregular consumption of these compounds in agricultural operations and drainage of them to water ecosystems. In the present study, the effect of 2,4-D + MCPA “the frequently used herbicide in Kurdistan province” was assessed on the hematological parameters and liver enzymes in rainbow trout as the main aquatic species farmed in this area. Materials and Methods: After determination of LC50 using Probit model, 60 healthy trout fish with an average weight of 97 g were divided into two groups. The first group was considered as control and in the second treatment group, 1 cc/L herbicide (equivalent to 360 mg/L 2,4-D + 315 mg/L MCPA) was used. After 72 hours, hematology parameters including total number of red and white blood cells, differential count of white blood cells, hematocrit, and serum levels of ALT and AST enzymes were measured. Results:...
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Caribbean stylo (Stylosanthes hamata) is a tropical fodder and cover crop. Along with four other Stylosanthes species (S. scabra, S. humilis, S. viscosa, S. guianensis), it was introduced in India. It became well adapted in certain parts... more
Caribbean stylo (Stylosanthes hamata) is a tropical fodder and cover crop. Along with four other Stylosanthes species (S. scabra, S. humilis, S. viscosa, S. guianensis), it was introduced in India. It became well adapted in certain parts of the country and has been recommended for the improvement of range and degraded lands. A collection of 63 S. hamata accessions was fingerprinted with RAPID, ISSR and STS markers. Though the mean discriminating power of these marker systems ranges from 0.65 to 0.71, high values of marker index (2.91), resolving power (14.92) and effective number of patterns per assay unit (50.65) makes ISSR as a better marker system in comparison to other two markers used in this study. Thirteen RAPD and eleven STS primers could differentiate a maximum of 42 and 17 accessions, respectively, whereas two ISSR primers produced distinct fingerprints of all the S. hamata accessions. Mean genetic similarities of accession ranged from 0.83 (ISSR) to 0.91 (RAPD). Two RAPD, two STS and four ISSR primers generated a set of 12 diagnostic markers which could be useful for germplasm characterization and management.
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Biofortification provides a promising method of solving microelement malnutrition in developing countries. For this purpose, a study was conducted to understand the grain Fe and Zn content variation in seventy prevalent Iranian wheat... more
Biofortification provides a promising method of solving microelement malnutrition in developing countries. For this purpose, a study was conducted to understand the grain Fe and Zn content variation in seventy prevalent Iranian wheat genotypes across three consecutive years, to assess genetic diversity, and to identify informative amplicons for high grain Fe and Zn content using three simple sequence repeat (SSR), start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism, and intron targeted amplified polymorphism (ITAP) markers. Grain Fe and Zn content was highly variable each year with high heritability. Despite the highly significant effect of year-genotype interaction, some stable genotypes were ranked highly all the three years for grain Fe and Zn content. The grain Fe and Zn contents were positively correlated in the second and third years. High genetic diversity was detected among the wheat genotypes using three different marker systems. A number of informative SSR, SCoT, and ITAP amplicons f...
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The purpose of the present work was to evaluate effects of zinc application on growth and uptake and distribution of mineral nutrients under salinity stress [0, 33, 66, and 99 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)] in soybean plants. Results showed... more
The purpose of the present work was to evaluate effects of zinc application on growth and uptake and distribution of mineral nutrients under salinity stress [0, 33, 66, and 99 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)] in soybean plants. Results showed that, salinity levels caused a significant decrease in shoot dry and fresh weight in non-zinc application plants. Whereas, zinc application on plants exposed to salinity stress improved the shoot dry and fresh weight. Potassium (K) concentration, K/sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca)/Na ratios significantly decreased, while sodium (Na) concentration increased in root, shoot, and seed as soil salinity increased. Phosphorus (P) concentration significantly decreased in shoot under salinity stress. Moreover, calcium (Ca) significantly decreased in root, but increased in seed with increased salinization. Iron (Fe) concentration significantly decreased in all organs of plant (root, shoot, and seed) in response to salinity levels. Zinc (Zn) concentration of plant was not significantly affected by salinity stress. Copper (Cu) concentration significantly decreased by salinity in root. Nonetheless, manganese (Mn) concentration of root, shoot, and seed was not affected by experimental treatments. Zinc application increased Ca/Na (shoot and seed) ratio and K (shoot and seed), P (shoot), Ca (root and seed), Zn (root, shoot, and seed) and Fe (root and shoot) concentration in soybean plants under salinity stress. Zinc application decreased Na concentration in shoot tissue.
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ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Kurdistan University of Iran. Fourteen compositions of bio, organic and chemical fertilizers were done as treatments. Results showed that maximum seed (118.5 g.m(-2)) and... more
ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Kurdistan University of Iran. Fourteen compositions of bio, organic and chemical fertilizers were done as treatments. Results showed that maximum seed (118.5 g.m(-2)) and fruit yield (6056.2 g.m(-2)) were obtained when pumpkin inoculated with nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria + 50 % organic fertilizer. Maximum protein content (33.05 and 32.66 %) was obtained by inoculation of seeds with nitrogen fixing bacteria + 50 % chemical fertilizer and free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria + phosphate solubilizing bacteria + 50 % chemical fertilizer, respectively. The highest oil yield was obtained by a mixture of two biofertilizers + 50 % organic fertilizer (48.31 g.m(-2)) and the lowest oil yield (12.22 g.m(-2)) was resulted with control treatment.
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Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) is one of the most important woody species of the Zagros forests in Iran. Three molecular marker techniques: start codon targeted (SCoT), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and inter-retrotransposon... more
Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) is one of the most important woody species of the Zagros forests in Iran. Three molecular marker techniques: start codon targeted (SCoT), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers were compared for fingerprinting of 125 individuals of this species collected from different geographical locations of north-west of Iran. A total of 233 bands were amplified by 18 ISSR primers, of which 224 (96.10%) were polymorphic, and 126 polymorphic bands (97.65%) were observed in 129 bands amplified by 10 IRAP primers. Besides, 118 bands were observed for all 10 SCoT primers, of which 113 were polymorphic (95.71%). Average polymorphism information content (PIC) for ISSR, IRAP and SCoT markers was 0.30, 0.32 and 0.38, respectively, and this revealed that SCoT markers were more informative than IRAP and ISSR for the assessment of diversity among individuals. Based on the three different molecular types, clust...