Javier Martin-vide

As interacoes entre clima e turismo tem sido das areas de investigacao mais criticas e dinâmicas nos campos do turismo sustentavel e da geografia ambiental. Embora as preocupacoes com a sustentabilidade se encontrem amplamente estudadas em investigacoes em turismo, sobretudo desde a decada de 1970, sao mais recentes os estudos com dedicacao a simbiose turismo e alteracoes climaticas (sobretudo desde 2000) e os estudos de conforto turistico em espacos publicos urbanos sao ainda parcos. Quando a atividade turistica se apresenta como o setor em maior ascensao a nivel mundial e considerando as condicoes climatico-meteorologicas como fundamentais para a maturacao de um destino em certas areas geograficas, decorre o interesse em determinar os marcos de conexao turismo-clima, contrariando visoes simplistas e descritivas mais tradicionais. Esta comunicacao apresenta uma revisao cientifico-metrica de 995 artigos cientificos em linguagem anglo-saxonica sobre turismo e clima patenteados na base de dados Web of Science . Os objetivos que norteiam a presente comunicacao prendem-se com: (a) sintetizar as publicacoes realizadas sobre clima e turismo, desde a segunda metade do seculo XX; e (b) identificar as principais tendencias, redes de colaboracao e co-citacao (em tematicas e paises envolvidos) e providenciar pistas orientadoras para futuros trabalhos. Esta investigacao insere-se no WP1 de uma investigacao individual financiada pela FCT Portugal (referencia SFRH/BD/129153/2017), intitulada de “A influencia do clima e da morfologia urbana na atividade turistica da Area Metropolitana do Porto – Percecoes e simulacao do conforto bioclimatico dos turistas”. Por forma a concretizar este ensaio, realizou-se uma analise in-depth atraves do uso de keywords relacionadas com a materia em apreco (turismo, clima, meteorologia, alteracoes climatica, adaptacao e mitigacao e sustentabilidade), a partir do qual se sintetizaram os conteudos em atributos e codigos concetuais ( e.g., localizacao, nome da revista, contexto geografico, metodos de analise, abordagem, tipologia de dados, resultados e implicacoes e tendencias). A analise realizada demonstra um crescimento desta subarea de investigacao, em multiplas dimensoes ( e.g., impactes climaticos, adaptacao e mitigacao, sustentabilidade e condicoes climatico-meteorologicas). Apesar de um volume significativo de estudos sobre turismo e clima, esta subarea regista uma maior relevância de publicacoes desde 1990. Estes estudos sao, ainda assim, concentrados em certas areas geograficas, nomeadamente na Oceânia (Australia e Nova Zelândia) e na America do Norte (Canada e Estados Unidos da America), onde se confirma tambem um maior numero de autores e de instituicoes onde se trabalham estes temas. Note-se, ainda assim, uma maior relacao de cooperacao entre autores na Europa, especialmente desde inicio do seculo XXI. Estes estudos sao relevantes em revistas sobre climatologia e as hot keys principais prendem-se com as emissoes de gases de estufa e impactes de alteracoes climaticas, bem como a sua adaptacao em turismo.

A ilha de calor urbano superficial é uma das principais causas para a diminuição do conforto bioclimático em áreas onde os padrões superficiais são heterogéneos, sobretudo no verão. O município do Porto apresenta caraterísticas de uso do solo e materiais de cobertura cujas propriedades térmicas e radiativas são profundamente dissemelhantes. Neste sentido, o presente estudo procura examinar a influência da cobertura do solo sobre a temperatura de superfície, recorrendo às imagens de satélite. As temperaturas de superfície foram extraídas da imagem Landsat 8-oli, e vários índices espectrais foram derivados para identificar o potencial de arrefecimento evaporativo. Os principais resultados mostram que as “ilhas de calor urbano superficial” se localizam maioritariamente no núcleo central da cidade do Porto e das principais vias de comunicação, onde os efeitos da densificação urbana e das propriedades materiais de cobertura utilizados impedem a evapotranspiração, favorecem o aumento da a...

Urban tourism's impact on intra-urban temperature differences and the latter's influence on thermal comfort in public space, in a context of climate change, is still not clear. When it comes to urban tourism, few are the studies which assess human thermal comfort in the form of visual and cartographic representation. This paper seeks to fill this gap by obtaining data through measurement campaigns carried out in a motor vehicle during the summers and winters of 2019 and 2020, in a total of 27 nights and 7 afternoons. The Portuguese city of Porto was the selected destination. It revealed very useful in identifying the intra-urban temperature differences and the patterns of human thermal comfort in different days of the year. Based on the mobile measurement campaign carried out in the aforementioned period, the main thermal patterns and implications to thermal comfort in the central area of Porto were summarized. There is a multiplicity of situations of thermal comfort and spatial variations of discomfort due to cold and heat stress. These conditions are particularly relevant during the summer season, when the urban heat island intensity can exceed 3.0 • C. The proposed methodology could be very useful for researchers in the field of tourism climatology and policymakers, given that it contributes with adaptive measures regarding the tourism sector in the face of intense vulnerability to climate change.

The narrative of sustainable tourism transition in a context of adaptation to climate change is very relevant internationally. The availability and sharing of knowledge and information is a basic requirement for the successful planning of the tourism sector regarding this phenomenon. Planning adaptation in the urban tourism sector is widely regarded as a collectively-based process. However, collaborative planning is far from being the standard. This study reports the results of a Modified Delphi Approach (MDA) among experts about the future of urban tourism in a context of adaptation to climate change in Porto Metropolitan Area (Portugal), considering the outdoor thermal conditions perspective. Using an expert panel, the study gathered their opinions to analyze the degrees of responsibility of the main sectorial entities at different territorial levels, the conditions of action in the transformation agenda and the measures to be implemented in the adaptation and mitigation processaccording to priority and time horizon. Two rounds were carried out to apply the methodology between January and April 2021. The first questionnaire had the participation of 47 professionals. 34 out of the 47 professionals of the 1st round participated in the second questionnaire. The evidence from different stakeholders demonstrates that there is an ambiguous process of understanding the problem, information needs, and a weak interaction between actorsresourcestasks. The effectiveness and efficiency of collaborative planning and outlined goals by 2050 for adaptation of urban tourism sector to climate change can be hampered. Experts consider the creation of structural (tangible) measures to be fundamental. Among other results, it was found that most participants consider that the intervention is dependent on the guidelines issued by the government and municipal councils when it comes to defining a proposal for adapting the urban tourism sector to climate change. Despite this, the options for more sustainable practices must be based on three axes: (i) solutions based on the energy sector in the hotel industry (e.g., energy certification, prioritization of the use of renewable energy); (ii) improvement and expansion of green infrastructure for tourist enjoyment [e.g., creation of green areas (small additional pockets), namely in the center of Porto; and pedestrianization of central areas of the city] and (iii) network participation through the collaboration of various stakeholders with relevance in tourism and urban planning.

Firstly, the number of dry spells made up of consecutive dry days with thresholds more than or equal to 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mm have been taken into account, as well as the days comprising them, from 35 observatories in Peninsular Spain, for the period 1951–1990 and they have been represented on maps. In a like fashion, the longest spells, of

RESUMEN Los multiples vinculos existentes entre las actividades turisticas y los elementos atmosfericos invitan a realizar evaluaciones de potencialidad del recurso clima. Nuestro analisis de las variaciones espaciales y cronologicas del potencial climatico-turistico en Cataluna parte de una clasificacion de situaciones diarias segun las combinaciones mas sobresalientes de las variables climaticas en el ambito de estudio, matizadas por la incorporacion de criterios bioclimaticos y la percepcion de los turistas. RESUME Aptitude climatique et tourisme. Variations geographiques et chrologiques de la potentialite climato-touristique d'ete en Catalogne .- Les liens multiples qui existent entre les activites touristiques et les elements atmospheriques nous invitent a la realisation d'evaluations de la potentialite climatique. Notre analyse des variations spatiales et chronologiques du potentiel climato-touristique de la Catalogne part d'une classification des situations journa...

A partir deste artigo os pesquisadores analisaram as diretrizes, estrategias, acoes e politicas publicas propostas pelos processos de planejamento, adotadas pela Administracao Local de Vitoria da Conquista - BA, Brasil, atraves da Secretaria Municipal do Meio Ambiente (SEMMA) para garantir a preservacao e a conservacao do meio ambiente da cidade. Para a realizacao do trabalho adotou-se o metodo indutivo e foram realizadas pesquisas bibliografica, documental e de campo a partir das abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa, alem de visitas as areas legalmente protegidas. Os dados foram coletados atraves de questionarios e entrevistas estruturadas e representados atraves de tabelas, graficos e mapas mentais. A partir dos resultados obtidos com a pesquisa conclui-se que as diretrizes, estrategias, acoes e politicas publicas nao sao eficazes para garantir a preservacao e a conservacao do meio ambiente da cidade, tendo em vista que os recursos materiais, humanos e financeiros sao insuficient...

L'auteur expose succinctement un résumé sélectif des différentes conceptions de la Géographie Fisique, en mettant I'accent sur ses idées capitales et sur les contributions séminales modernes. L'énoncé des différents approches et de leur imbrication permet de présenter un schéma synoptique-évolutif assumé par I'auteur comme une conception de la discipline. L'exposé est axé sur les termes science de In Terre, milieu fisique, processus, systbme naturel, méso-échelle, <<generalistn, ressources et risques naturels, impacts ambientaux, science appliquée et asysteme de contr6le.~

espanolSe ha estudiado la distribucion temporal de los intervalos de precipitacion de once observatorios en Cataluna durante los anos 2010 y 2011 con una resolucion semihoraria, desde periodos de 30 minutos hasta de 48 horas. Se analizado la fractalidad temporal de la precipitacion, que tiene su expresion numerica en el concepto de dimension fractal, y que podria relacionarse con la mayor o menor convectividad de la precipitacion. Tambien se han comparado, para los once observatorios, el semestre calido con el semestre frio, y apreciandose diferencias entre ambos que dejan entrever la presencia de un patron espacial, ya que cuanto mas hacia el noreste, menor es la diferencia entre los dos semestres. Por ultimo, es de gran interes comparar la dimension fractal de dos anos pluviometricamente distintos en Cataluna como han sido el 2010 y el 2011, destacando la importancia de los aportes de la precipitacion convectiva en el total anual. EnglishWe have studied the temporal distribution o...

Abstract Tourism is one of the fastest growing economic sectors on an international scale. Based on this growth, it became necessary to consider climatic-meteorological conditions as determinants for boosting tourism in some geographical areas. The main objective of this paper is to characterize the perception of bioclimatic comfort of tourists who visited the city of Porto in the summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 (in the on-going pandemic). Primary data were obtained from a questionnaire on perceptions of bioclimatic comfort and microclimatic measurements applied to 207 tourists in the summer of 2019, 146 in the winter of 2019–2020 and 210 in the summer of 2020. It took place in one of the main places of passage for tourists visiting the city of Porto. Based on statistical analysis, responses were parameterized according to the environmental and sociodemographic characteristics of the tourists. In addition, summary indicators (Physiological Equivalent Temperature – PET, Thermal Sensation Vote – TSV, Thermal Preference Vote – TPV) were used to characterize the profile of visiting tourists. The influence of microclimate conditions on the thermal comfort of tourists was evident, showing, however, that they still felt comfortable regardless of the situation. The results demonstrated a good effort to reduce thermal discomfort through adapted behavior. Air temperature and relative humidity seem to be more directly related to mean thermal sensation votes in the summer of 2019 (r2 = 0.86 and r2 = 0.68, respectively). In the winters of 2019–2020 and summer of 2020, these indicators do not show such a strong correlation. Anyway, it is verified that there is a greater tolerance for higher and lower temperatures than those that are verified for the residents, when compared to previous studies. The consideration of average thresholds for thermal comfort in tourism is crucial. In future studies and planning proposals, it will be necessary to consider the optimal climatic conditions of local climate change adaptation and mitigation policies.

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak (in early 2020) has dictated significant changes in society and territories by anticipating trends, changing priorities, and creating challenges, which are manifested in the territories. These are influenced by the levels of economic, cultural, and social restructuring, in the measures implemented by public administration or in attempts to redefine strategies for tourism destinations. This paper examines the perceptions and behaviors of tourists before and during COVID-19 in the municipality of Porto, the main area of the Porto Metropolitan Area, in Portugal. Research was based on the application of a questionnaire survey, probing the sensitivity of tourists to the crisis in the decision-making of daily routines, as well as future travel plans in the presence of a serious health concern. A total of 417 surveys were collected in the summers of 2019 and 2020. In addition to descriptive statistics, this paper also includes the results of the analysis of e...

Daily precipitation concentration in the Amazon basin (AB) is characterized using concentration index (CI), which is computed from HYBAM Observed Precipitation (HOP) data set, for 1980–2009 period. The ability of four satellite precipitation data sets (TMPA V7, TMPA RT, CMORPH and PERSIANN) to estimate CI is evaluated for 2001–2009 period. Our findings provide new information about the spatial irregularity of daily rainfall distribution over the AB. In addition, the spatial distribution of CI values is not completely explained by rainfall seasonality, which highlights the influence of different weather systems over the AB. The results of rainfall concentration indicate that the distribution of daily rainfall is more regular over northwest (northern Peru) and central Andes. Conversely, Roraima region and a large area of Bolivian Amazon register the highest irregularity in the daily rainfall. Bolivian Amazon also represents regions where the large percentage of total rainfall arises f...

Se presenta una primera aproximación en la diferenciación de la contribución local y global en el incremento de la temperatura del aire en Barcelona. Para ello, se busca determinar la influencia local del área metropolitana de Barcelona en el aumento de la temperatura del aire registrado en el observatorio Fabra, para el periodo 1924–2016, a diferencia del observatorio del Ebro (observatorio de referencia) que presenta solamente la influencia del calentamiento global por ubicarse en una zona rural. La temperatura registrada en el observatorio Fabra presentó una tendencia significativa al incremento durante 1924–2016, incrementándose la temperatura media anual en 1,26 °C. Durante el subperiodo 1972–2016, la temperatura registró una tasa más acelerada en comparación con el subperiodo 1924–1971, coincidiendo el primer subperiodo con los años en que las investigaciones sobre el cambio climático muestran resultados más concluyentes de la influencia antropogénica en el aumento de la tem...