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This paper investigates the impact of investment budget, solar system efficiency, and project area limitation on the capacity planning, and daily operation of a microgrid (MG), which consists of photovoltaic (PV) and Energy storage... more
This paper investigates the impact of investment budget, solar system efficiency, and project area limitation on the capacity planning, and daily operation of a microgrid (MG), which consists of photovoltaic (PV) and Energy storage systems (ESS). A general grid-connected hospital located in NJ is considered as an illustrative case study. Access to reliable, affordable and sustainable energy is essential for the critical and high electricity demand facilities such as hospitals. This study shows that the capacity planning of ESS depends on the PV system capacity and the facility electricity demand profile. Moreover, we show that, the PV system capacity has to be derived according to the investment budget, solar system efficiency and, project area constraints. Utilizing the on-site power generation from the installed MG, results in the lower energy cost of the facility. In this paper, we show that by installing the optimal size of the PV system coupled with ESS the annual energy cost of the hospital could be reduced by 30%. This amount of cost reduction justifies the high up-front cost of the MG project where the pay-back-period is between 4 to 4.5 years.
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Nonwires Alternatives (NWAs) and distributed energy resources (DERs) are the main elements of a shift in transmission and distribution planning toward a more multistakeholder-engaged paradigm. The concepts around NWA planning, evaluation,... more
Nonwires Alternatives (NWAs) and distributed energy resources (DERs) are the main elements of a shift in transmission and distribution planning toward a more multistakeholder-engaged paradigm. The concepts around NWA planning, evaluation, and implementation are fast evolving in the United States. Different states, stakeholders, and utilities are experimenting with implementation variations in search of improved outcomes. Goals include reducing utility capitalized rate bases or at least cutting the growth rate of capital, incentivizing additional renewable penetration, and seeking overall lower costs and better energy supply performance. They can be achieved with planning procedures that holistically incorporate grid enhancements and DERs. State initiatives vary in two significant ways. One is the different attributes of DERs that can be brought to bear on NWA options and how cost–benefit analyses are performed. The second involves the roles and responsibilities of utilities, regulators, third-party entities engaged in evaluating utility plans and NWA proposals, and DER developers and stakeholders.
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Energy disaggregation has been focused by many energy companies since energy efficiency can be achieved when the breakdown of energy consumption is known. Companies have been investing in technologies to come up with software and/or... more
Energy disaggregation has been focused by many energy companies since energy efficiency can be achieved when the breakdown of energy consumption is known. Companies have been investing in technologies to come up with software and/or hardware solutions that can provide this type of information to the consumer. On the other hand, not all people can afford to have these technologies. Therefore, in this paper, we present a methodology for breaking down the aggregate consumption and identifying the highdemanding end-uses profiles. These energy profiles will be used to build the forecast model for optimal control purpose. A facility with high cooling load is used as an illustrative case study to demonstrate the results of proposed methodology. We apply a high level energy disaggregation through a pattern recognition approach in order to extract the consumption profile of its rooftop packaged units (RTUs) and present a forecast model for the energy consumption.
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This paper investigates the impact of investment budget, solar system efficiency, and project area limitation on the capacity planning, and daily operation of a microgrid (MG), which consists of photovoltaic (PV) and Energy storage... more
This paper investigates the impact of investment budget, solar system efficiency, and project area limitation on the capacity planning, and daily operation of a microgrid (MG), which consists of photovoltaic (PV) and Energy storage systems (ESS). A general grid-connected hospital located in NJ is considered as an illustrative case study. Access to reliable, affordable and sustainable energy is essential for the critical and high electricity demand facilities such as hospitals. This study shows that the capacity planning of ESS depends on the PV system capacity and the facility electricity demand profile. Moreover, we show that, the PV system capacity has to be derived according to the investment budget, solar system efficiency and, project area constraints. Utilizing the on-site power generation from the installed MG, results in the lower energy cost of the facility. In this paper, we show that by installing the optimal size of the PV system coupled with ESS the annual energy cost of the hospital could be reduced by 30%. This amount of cost reduction justifies the high up-front cost of the MG project where the pay-back-period is between 4 to 4.5 years.
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We consider a two-stage, feed forward open Jackson network with join topology. Customers arrive to stage 1 and make a decision which route to select, in order to maximize their expected net benefit, without observing the current system... more
We consider a two-stage, feed forward open Jackson network with join topology. Customers arrive to stage 1 and make a decision which route to select, in order to maximize their expected net benefit, without observing the current system state. We formulate the problem as a symmetric join/balk game among customers, show existence and uniqueness of an equilibrium strategy and develop an algorithm to derive it. We also perform computational experiments to assess how the equilibrium is affected by the possibility of abandoning the system after stage 1.
The topic of Non-Wires Alternatives has recently gained a lot of attention in the literature and industry alike. One of the Distributed Energy Resource (DER) types most commonly examined as an alternative solution to feeder issues is... more
The topic of Non-Wires Alternatives has recently gained a lot of attention in the literature and industry alike. One of the Distributed Energy Resource (DER) types most commonly examined as an alternative solution to feeder issues is Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). BESS has been investigated as a solution, amongst others, to thermal capacity deferral and PV integration problems for both the transmission and distribution sides of the grid. In this paper, we focus on distribution applications of storage and showcase efficient planning-level algorithms to utilize storage against two types of distribution feeder capacity shortages: (i) substation capacity deferral and (ii) voltage magnitude control. The proposed planning methods and algorithms combine computational efficiency with high granularity in time and location. We use generic distribution tree feeder topologies and loading data and hourly shapes to demonstrate our results. We also show how these methods fit in and expand traditional distribution planning and the benefits they can provide given the current status of distribution networks, DER and renewable penetration.
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This paper aims at co-optimizing day-ahead operation schedules of distributed energy resources (DER) in a coordinated microgrids (MG) cluster to enhance resiliency. The proposed model strategically integrates the potential flexibility... more
This paper aims at co-optimizing day-ahead operation schedules of distributed energy resources (DER) in a coordinated microgrids (MG) cluster to enhance resiliency. The proposed model strategically integrates the potential flexibility provided by the DERs in neighboring MGs, while capturing the joint portfolio flexibilities on an hourly basis scheduling scheme. In this context, the proposed optimization model, which is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem, minimizes the total operation cost of the MGs in both normal and emergency cases, where the upstream grid might be unavailable in the latter leading the MGs to work in an autonomous mode. In order to reveal the merits of the proposed model, multiple case studies are investigated through the modified IEEE 16-node test feeder, where we decompose the original system to a 6- and 10-node systems denoted by MG 1 and MG 2, respectively.
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Abstract This article presents a novel architecture by integrating the existing asset management theory with building simulation technology for effective maintenance strategies and operational control schemes. Building performance, value... more
Abstract This article presents a novel architecture by integrating the existing asset management theory with building simulation technology for effective maintenance strategies and operational control schemes. Building performance, value and energy usage collectively define the criteria for optimization. Building assets are partially or fully connected with building IoT and their real time conditions are accessible at all times. An asset’s value is derived from the functional contributions of that asset to the overall business objective of the system that it is part of. The architecture consists of digital twin, analytics and Business Value Model engines and in-between gateways for data exchange. The paper provides illustrative examples, some based on real data, how the platform can serve operations and maintenance objectives of existing and new buildings.
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The problem of optimal sizing and investment timing for a portfolio of gas-fired generation and PV is presented and solved using a computationally efficient approximate technique. It is assumed that the demand and the prices of natural... more
The problem of optimal sizing and investment timing for a portfolio of gas-fired generation and PV is presented and solved using a computationally efficient approximate technique. It is assumed that the demand and the prices of natural gas and PV technology are stochastic processes. The methodology takes advantage of decomposing the problem into two sub-problems, so that, first the optimal sizing problem is solved using dynamic programming and most likely solutions are clustered. Investment problem is then formulated using real option for each cluster. It is shown that these clusters are robust under a range of input parameters. This paper does not address the problem of when and how such distinct input-output behavioral patterns are most likely to emerge.
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The traditional net present value approach to investment in microgrid assets does not take into account the inherent uncertainties in fuel prices, cost of technology, and microgrid load profile. We propose a real option approach to... more
The traditional net present value approach to investment in microgrid assets does not take into account the inherent uncertainties in fuel prices, cost of technology, and microgrid load profile. We propose a real option approach to microgrid investment, which includes solar photovoltaic (PV) and gas-fired generation assets. Likewise the (n, m) exchange literature in real option analysis, we examine cases with interdependency and independency of fuel price and the cost of PV technology. This work, however, makes a major contribution by the way of introducing a new parameter, which is defined as the elasticity of the option value to prices and is used in the formulation of closed form solutions. We further extend the (1, 1) exchange problem here to include operational flexibility of microgrid, such that optimal switching between investment, suspension and re-activation can be examined.
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ABSTRACT This paper presents a holistic approach to cost and benefit analysis of smart grid enabled Electrical Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSEs) from a utility point of view, including lifecycle cost of ownership, risks and expected... more
ABSTRACT This paper presents a holistic approach to cost and benefit analysis of smart grid enabled Electrical Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSEs) from a utility point of view, including lifecycle cost of ownership, risks and expected penalties due to high load stress on distribution network. It provides methodology for comparative analysis of different residential EVSE technologies. A total of five alternatives are presented and compared according to their lifecycle costs. In all cases, the annualized cost is calculated. Optimal lease values are also formulated.