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Abstract: The lack of comprehensive sighting data sets precludes the application of standard habitat suitability modeling approaches to predict distributions of the majority of marine mammal species on very large scales. As an... more
Abstract: The lack of comprehensive sighting data sets precludes the application of standard habitat suitability modeling approaches to predict distributions of the majority of marine mammal species on very large scales. As an alternative, we developed an ecological niche model to map global distributions of 115 cetacean and pinniped species living in the marine environment using more readily available expert knowledge about habitat usage. We started by assigning each species to broad-scale niche categories with respect to depth, sea- ...
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Global climate change during the Late Pleistocene periodically encroached and then released habitat during the glacial cycles, causing range expansions and contractions in some species. These dynamics have played a major role in... more
Global climate change during the Late Pleistocene periodically encroached and then released habitat during the glacial cycles, causing range expansions and contractions in some species. These dynamics have played a major role in geographic radiations, diversification and speciation. We investigate these dynamics in the most widely distributed of marine mammals, the killer whale (Orcinus orca), using a global dataset of over 450 samples. This marine top predator inhabits coastal and pelagic ecosystems ranging from the ice edge to the tropics, often exhibiting ecological, behavioral and morphological variation suggestive of local adaptation accompanied by reproductive isolation. Results suggest a rapid global radiation occurred over the last 350,000 years. Based on habitat models, we estimated there was only a 15% global contraction of core suitable habitat during the Last Glacial Maximum, and the resources appeared to sustain a constant global effective female population size through...
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... Tiré de Ecology: Should Whales Be Culled to Increase Fishery Yield? Leah R. Gerber, Lyne Morissette, Kristin Kaschner et Daniel Pauly (13 février 2009) Science 323 (5916), 880. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1169981]. ... Kitts, 2006), 15 pp.... more
... Tiré de Ecology: Should Whales Be Culled to Increase Fishery Yield? Leah R. Gerber, Lyne Morissette, Kristin Kaschner et Daniel Pauly (13 février 2009) Science 323 (5916), 880. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1169981]. ... Kitts, 2006), 15 pp. 7. K. Stringer, Dipl. Statecraft 17, 547 (2006). ...
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Research Interests: Zoology, Oceanography, Computer Graphics, Climate Change, Conservation Biology, and 30 moreClimatology, Fisheries, Biology, Ecology, Marine Science, Marine biodiversity, Biodiversity, Aquaculture, Endangered Species, Multidisciplinary, Mediterranean Sea, Animals, Classification, Expert Opinion, Species Diversity, Habitat loss, PLoS one, Spatial Pattern, Hot Spot, Time Factors, Habitat Degradation, Alien species, Deep Sea, Species List, Strait Of Gibraltar, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Marine ecosystem, Western Mediterranean, Fishing Impact, and Coastal Area
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Arctic animals face dramatic habitat alteration due to ongoing climate change. Understanding how such species have responded to past glacial cycles can help us forecast their response to today's changing climate. Gray whales are among... more
Arctic animals face dramatic habitat alteration due to ongoing climate change. Understanding how such species have responded to past glacial cycles can help us forecast their response to today's changing climate. Gray whales are among those marine species likely to be strongly affected by Arctic climate change, but a thorough analysis of past climate impacts on this species has been complicated by lack of information about an extinct population in the Atlantic. While little is known about the history of Atlantic gray whales or their relationship to the extant Pacific population, the extirpation of the Atlantic population during historical times has been attributed to whaling. We used a combination of ancient and modern DNA, radiocarbon dating and predictive habitat modelling to better understand the distribution of gray whales during the Pleistocene and Holocene. Our results reveal that dispersal between the Pacific and Atlantic was climate dependent and occurred both during the...
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Kaschner, K., Ready, JS, Agbayani, E., Kesner-Reyes, K., Rius-Barile, J., Eastwood, PD, South, AB, Kullander, SO, Rees, T., Watson, R., Pauly, D. and Froese, Rainer (2011) Using 'Aquamaps' for representing species distribution... more
Kaschner, K., Ready, JS, Agbayani, E., Kesner-Reyes, K., Rius-Barile, J., Eastwood, PD, South, AB, Kullander, SO, Rees, T., Watson, R., Pauly, D. and Froese, Rainer (2011) Using 'Aquamaps' for representing species distribution in Regional Seas The State of Biodiversity and Fisheries in Regional Seas. Fisheries Centre Research Reports, 19 . Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BD, Canady, pp. 17-21.
The impact of fisheries on marine mammals and other megafaunal components of marine ecosystems is a major concern. Fisheries - in addition to causing bycatch mortalities - may affect marine mammals through direct or indirect competition... more
The impact of fisheries on marine mammals and other megafaunal components of marine ecosystems is a major concern. Fisheries - in addition to causing bycatch mortalities - may affect marine mammals through direct or indirect competition for food. We assessed the potential direct impact of fisheries on mammal populations on a global scale by quantifying the spatial overlap in resource
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At the First International Conference on Marine Mammal Protected Areas (ICMMPA) in Maui, Hawaii (April 2009), participants concluded that a global effort was needed “to identify and define important marine mammal habitats and hot spots”... more
At the First International Conference on Marine Mammal Protected Areas (ICMMPA) in Maui, Hawaii (April 2009), participants concluded that a global effort was needed “to identify and define important marine mammal habitats and hot spots” (Reeves 2009, p 6). Such information, once integrated and mapped with similar data on other species and with biogeographic data, can be used to design and create marine protected area (MPA) networks in national waters and on the high seas, as called for by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD). It was further noted at the ICMMPA that the use of “global databases covering environmental features, ocean processes, and species may help identify critical habitat and contribute to the design of MPAs and MPA networks” (Reeves 2009, p 6). This is a key point, because it means not only that (a) a necessary first step is to compile available...
Kaschner, K., Ready, JS, Agbayani, E., Kesner-Reyes, K., Rius-Barile, J., Eastwood, PD, South, AB, Kullander, SO, Rees, T., Watson, R., Pauly, D. and Froese, Rainer (2011) Using 'Aquamaps' for representing... more
Kaschner, K., Ready, JS, Agbayani, E., Kesner-Reyes, K., Rius-Barile, J., Eastwood, PD, South, AB, Kullander, SO, Rees, T., Watson, R., Pauly, D. and Froese, Rainer (2011) Using 'Aquamaps' for representing species distribution in Regional Seas The State of Biodiversity and Fisheries in Regional Seas. Fisheries Centre Research Reports, 19 . Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BD, Canady, pp. 17-21.
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The Mediterranean Sea is a marine biodiversity hot spot. Here we combined an extensive literature analysis with expert opinions to update publicly available estimates of major taxa in this marine ecosystem and to revise and update several... more
The Mediterranean Sea is a marine biodiversity hot spot. Here we combined an extensive literature analysis with expert opinions to update publicly available estimates of major taxa in this marine ecosystem and to revise and update several species lists. We also ...
Research Interests: Zoology, Oceanography, Computer Graphics, Climate Change, Conservation Biology, and 30 moreClimatology, Fisheries, Biology, Ecology, Marine Science, Marine biodiversity, Biodiversity, Aquaculture, Endangered Species, Multidisciplinary, Mediterranean Sea, Animals, Classification, Expert Opinion, Species Diversity, Habitat loss, PLoS one, Spatial Pattern, Hot Spot, Time Factors, Habitat Degradation, Alien species, Deep Sea, Species List, Strait Of Gibraltar, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Marine ecosystem, Western Mediterranean, Fishing Impact, and Coastal Area
Research into the acoustic structure of communication calls of different odontocete species has attempted to identify distinctive features that might assist in discrimination of individuals, pods or species. Most studies have concentrated... more
Research into the acoustic structure of communication calls of different odontocete species has attempted to identify distinctive features that might assist in discrimination of individuals, pods or species. Most studies have concentrated on frequency modulation characteristics, ...
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Research Interests: Zoology, Marine Ecology, Ecology, Marine Mammals, Ecological Niche Modeling, and 12 moreEcological Modelling, Sea surface temperature, Global Information Systems, Habitat Suitability, Environmental Conditions, Minke whale, Marine Environment, Tiger Habitat Suitability model, Expert knowledge, Humpback whale, Marine Mammal, and Large Scale
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Research into the acoustic structure of communication calls of different odontocete species has attempted to identify distinctive features that might assist in discrimination of individuals, pods or species. Most studies have concentrated... more
Research into the acoustic structure of communication calls of different odontocete species has attempted to identify distinctive features that might assist in discrimination of individuals, pods or species. Most studies have concentrated on frequency modulation characteristics, ...