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Dans les villes africaines, la consommation alimentaire hors domicile est un phenomene tres largement repandu qui s’effectue principalement apres achat a des vendeurs-preparateurs installes dans la rue. Les enfants scolarises constituent... more
Dans les villes africaines, la consommation alimentaire hors domicile est un phenomene tres largement repandu qui s’effectue principalement apres achat a des vendeurs-preparateurs installes dans la rue. Les enfants scolarises constituent une traction importante de ces consommateurs mais leurs achats et les facteurs qui les influencent sont meconnus. L’enquete a ete realisee en novembre 1993 aupres d’un echantillon de 494 enfants de CP et de CM2, inscrits dans des ecoles publiques et medersas de quartiers favorises et defavorises de Bamako au Mali. Ils ont ete interroges en langue bambara. La quasi-totalite des enfants possedent un pecule qui leur est fourni essentiellement par leur pere et/ou leur mere. Pres d’un tiers d’entre eux completent ce pecule par une activite propre. Le montant du pecule disponible est plus eleve chez les CM2 et dans les quartiers favorises. Cependant, dans un meme type de quartier et une meme classe, le montant du pecule n’est pas different selon la categorie socio-economique de la famille (CSE) de l’enfant. Quels que soient le quartier, la CSE et la classe, la proportion d’enfants achetant chacune des sept categories d’aliments recensees (boisson, glace, arachide, fruit, plat cuit, plat cru, bonbon) est presque identique. Les choix se portent d’une facon preferentielle sur les plats cuits, crus et les glaces. Le montant du pecule disponible influence la decision d’achat de plats cuits, crus et de boissons. La quantite de produit achetee, mesuree par la depense, est fonction du montant du pecule disponible, le gradient etant surtout net pour les plats cuits et crus. Le type d’ecole frequente influence peu les choix d’achats. L’autonomie laissee a l’enfant dans la depense de son pecule se traduit pour tous par un achat alimentaire non negligeable au regard de la depense alimentaire quotidienne, en aliments, d’une famille bamakoise. La consommation reelle et les apports nutritionnels qu’elle represente meriteraient d’etre quantifies. Une strategie d’education nutritionnelle visant ces enfants et partant de l’espace d’autonomie de choix qui leur est laissee, devrait aider a orienter favorablement la consommation en s’appuyant sur une participation des vendeuses a l’amelioration de la qualite des produits qu’elles proposent.
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This survey, conducted in 1996, evaluated changes in the way families feed themselves caused by the effects of devaluation of the CFA f ranc. It involved semi-directed interviews with 64 subjects from various socio-economic backgrounds... more
This survey, conducted in 1996, evaluated changes in the way families feed themselves caused by the effects of devaluation of the CFA f ranc. It involved semi-directed interviews with 64 subjects from various socio-economic backgrounds (affluent, middle-class, poor). The subjects spoke of the difficulties of daily life, lack of money and rapid, unpredictable rises in the prices of essential goods caused by the devaluation. They did not understand the reasons f or the devaluation, which has caused rapid changes in the social conditions and nutrition of urban families and has exacerbated the inequality of access to food-stuffs. Affluent families have adopted strategies that increase the family food budget, compensating for price increases. The meals of poor and middle-class families have been directly affected in both structure and content. Poor families have been particularly badly affected. All the changes in strategy, and substitutions of one product for another described by middle-class families were already being used by the poor families before devaluation.
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A food consumption survey undertaken in Mali, including 74 households and 367 inhabitants, showed that meals prepared at home secured the daily energy requirement in 79%, 66% and 54% of the families of fair, middle and low socio‐economic... more
A food consumption survey undertaken in Mali, including 74 households and 367 inhabitants, showed that meals prepared at home secured the daily energy requirement in 79%, 66% and 54% of the families of fair, middle and low socio‐economic status, respectively. Likewise, the ratio of energy supplied as high quality protein and the intake of calcium and vitamin A diminished with
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This survey, conducted in 1996, evaluated changes in the way families feed themselves caused by the effects of devaluation of the CFA f ranc. It involved semi-directed interviews with 64 subjects from various socio-economic backgrounds... more
This survey, conducted in 1996, evaluated changes in the way families feed themselves caused by the effects of devaluation of the CFA f ranc. It involved semi-directed interviews with 64 subjects from various socio-economic backgrounds (affluent, middle-class, poor). The subjects spoke of the difficulties of daily life, lack of money and rapid, unpredictable rises in the prices of essential goods caused by the devaluation. They did not understand the reasons f or the devaluation, which has caused rapid changes in the social conditions and nutrition of urban families and has exacerbated the inequality of access to food-stuffs. Affluent families have adopted strategies that increase the family food budget, compensating for price increases. The meals of poor and middle-class families have been directly affected in both structure and content. Poor families have been particularly badly affected. All the changes in strategy, and substitutions of one product for another described by middle...
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Sub-Saharan Africa is confronted to a triple burden of malnutrition, with under nutrition coexisting with overnutrition (overweight and obesity) and micronutrient deficiencies (mainly vitamin A, iron, iodine, zinc deficiencies). In 2017,... more
Sub-Saharan Africa is confronted to a triple burden of malnutrition, with under nutrition coexisting with overnutrition (overweight and obesity) and micronutrient deficiencies (mainly vitamin A, iron, iodine, zinc deficiencies). In 2017, stunting or chronic malnutrition affected 32.6% of children aged less than 5 years, while 6.9% of children in the same age group suffered from wasting or acute malnutrition (out of which 1.8% are affected by severe wasting).. In 2015, 4.1% of under-five children were overweight. The majority of Sub-Saharan Africa’s countries still experience high rates of nutritional anaemia among women in reproductive age (15-49 years) (prevalence from 20% to 40%, with some countries even exceeding 40%)1. The same trend apply to vitamin A and iodine deficiencies among under-five children.
L'alimentation hors domicile aupres de vendeuses d'aliments de rue represente une part significative des apports nutritionnels des individus de tout âge, de tout sexe et de toute categorie socio-economique, dans les villes... more
L'alimentation hors domicile aupres de vendeuses d'aliments de rue represente une part significative des apports nutritionnels des individus de tout âge, de tout sexe et de toute categorie socio-economique, dans les villes africaines. Ils sont cependant insuffisamment pris en compte dans les etudes de consommation alimentaire. La grande variabilite dans le temps et dans l'espace des recettes realisees par les vendeuses represente une difficulte majeure a l'estimation de la valeur nutritionnelle des plats consommes. Afin de tester une methode simplifiee pour cette estimation, une etude a ete realisee a Bamako, Mali, sur 3 points de vente d'aliments composes incluant du riz ou des fritures en s'appuyant sur des informations que les vendeuses peuvent fournir sans difficulte. Il s'agit de la composition de la recette, des quantites d'ingredients utilises et du chiffre d'affaire realise. La methode parvient a des resultats coherents, vraisemblablement ...
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Chapitre 3. Quelles sont les représentations du trachome et y a-t-il pour les populations un lien entre conjonctivite et trichiasis ? Comment les populations d’Afrique de l’Ouest se représentent-elle le trachome ? Quels liens sont reconnus entre la conjonctivite de l’enfant et le trichiasis de l’...more
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Une enquete nutritionnelle conduite en zone rurale dans le Cercle de Koutiala au Mali rend compte de l'importance de la malnutrition proteino-calorique, des maigreurs et des retards de croissance chez les enfants de ces zones rurales.... more
Une enquete nutritionnelle conduite en zone rurale dans le Cercle de Koutiala au Mali rend compte de l'importance de la malnutrition proteino-calorique, des maigreurs et des retards de croissance chez les enfants de ces zones rurales. Les formes severes de malnutrition proteino-calorique touchent 15 % des enfants de 6 mois a 59 mois
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Une enquete transversale a ete realisee au Mali pendant la saison seche dans le cadre de l’extension d’un projet sanitaire deja en place. En decembre 1991, un echantillon aleatoire de 2 631 enfants a ete selectionne a partir d’un sondage... more
Une enquete transversale a ete realisee au Mali pendant la saison seche dans le cadre de l’extension d’un projet sanitaire deja en place. En decembre 1991, un echantillon aleatoire de 2 631 enfants a ete selectionne a partir d’un sondage en grappes dans une region rurale malienne (arrondissement de Koutiala) relativement favorisee sur le plan agricole. Un sous-echantillon de 262 meres a ete constitue : elles ont ete interrogees sur leurs connaissances et leur attitude face a des signes de carence en vitamine A. La prevalence des signes cliniques etait de 2 % pour la cecite nocturne, 0,3 % pour les taches de Bitot et 0,2 % pour les cicatrices corneennes. La cecite nocturne etait plus repandue apres l’âge de 3 ans. L’etude de la consommation hebdomadaire d’aliments riches en vitamine A realisee sur un sous-echantillon de 519 enfants a revele que seuls 3,3 % d’entre eux consommaient moins de sept fois dans la semaine des aliments riches en vitamine A et que 2,7 % n’en consommaient aucu...
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Eating outside the home is very common in African cities. Food is bought from street vendors and eaten on the street. A large proportion of these consumers are school children, but little is known about what they buy, and the reasons why... more
Eating outside the home is very common in African cities. Food is bought from street vendors and eaten on the street. A large proportion of these consumers are school children, but little is known about what they buy, and the reasons why they make the choices they do. We therefore surveyed 494 second and sixth year primary school children in 1993. They were all enrolled at schools or Muslim colleges in both afluent and underprivileged areas of Bamako (Mali). The language used for the survey was Bambarra. Almost all the children had money, mostly given by either or both of their parents and in most cases supplemented by odd jobs. The richest group of children were those in the sixth year in the more privileged areas. However, within a district or a (school) class, there was no correlation between the family’s socio-economic group (SEG) and money available to the child. The proportions of children in each area, SEG and class buying the following classes of food were nearly identical; ...
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... Mohamed Ag Bendech1, Shawn K. Baker1, Gil Cusack2, Sylvetta Scott3, Melrose Tucker4 and Marian Bangura2 ... References 1. Aguayo VM and Baker SK (2005) Vitamin A deficiency and child survival in Sub-Saharan Africa: A reappraisal of... more
... Mohamed Ag Bendech1, Shawn K. Baker1, Gil Cusack2, Sylvetta Scott3, Melrose Tucker4 and Marian Bangura2 ... References 1. Aguayo VM and Baker SK (2005) Vitamin A deficiency and child survival in Sub-Saharan Africa: A reappraisal of challenges and opportunities. ...
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L’Afrique de l’Ouest a connu, depuis plus de 20 ans, des evolutions rapides aussi bien economiques que politiques. Le contexte economique a ete fortement marque par les plans d’ajustement structurel appliques dans la plupart des pays a la... more
L’Afrique de l’Ouest a connu, depuis plus de 20 ans, des evolutions rapides aussi bien economiques que politiques. Le contexte economique a ete fortement marque par les plans d’ajustement structurel appliques dans la plupart des pays a la suite de l’echec des politiques economiques mises en œuvre depuis les independances. Le taux eleve de croissance de la population urbaine entraine un developpement du marche que representent les villes, qui s’est aussi diversifie avec l’elargissement des differences sociales et l’eclatement des structures de consommation. La croissance des villes s’accompagne d’une augmentation des importations qui exprime a la fois une grande dependance et une modification des habitudes influencees par le modele alimentaire occidental. Des travaux recents indiquent, cependant, que les citadins de l’Afrique de l’Ouest preferent les produits locaux des lors que leur revenu le leur permet. Les aliments importes sont introduits dans un mode de preparation authentiquem...
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La vitamine A est apportee par les produits d’origine animale, en particulier le foie, les abats, le lait et les œufs, ou indirectement par certains aliments vegetaux (les feuilles vertes, les fruits et legumes et les tubercules a chair... more
La vitamine A est apportee par les produits d’origine animale, en particulier le foie, les abats, le lait et les œufs, ou indirectement par certains aliments vegetaux (les feuilles vertes, les fruits et legumes et les tubercules a chair jaune) sous forme de carotenoides transformes par l’organisme en vitamine A. La carence en vitamine A, associee a des modes de consommation alimentaire monotones et restreints, constitue un grave probleme de sante publique a l’echelle de la planete. Elle est la principale cause de cecite infantile dans le monde, mais aussi une cause importante de mortalite des jeunes enfants. Les methodes d’evaluation du statut en vitamine A sont difficiles a conduire et a interpreter sur le terrain. Le choix de ces methodes doit tenir compte du contexte epidemiologique des zones concernees et de l’objectif de l’enquete (etude de base, recherche, evaluation). Il existe trois principales methodes de prevention de la carence en vitamine A : la supplementation de type m...
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Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most common nutrient deficiency syndromes in children from developing countries. It is also correlated with the increased severity and incidence of certain infections. Until recently, vitamin A research... more
Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most common nutrient deficiency syndromes in children from developing countries. It is also correlated with the increased severity and incidence of certain infections. Until recently, vitamin A research was focused on preventing xerophtalmia and blindness in Third World Countries and on the development of synthetic retinoid molecules, with lower toxicity than vitamin A, for the treatment of skin diseases. However, there has been a major shift of emphasis in the last five to ten years. There is a risk of death from xerophtalmia, primarily from complications with infectious diseases. Intermittent treatment with the very large doses of vitamin A prescribed to combat blindness was shown to be effective. This suggests that vitamin A may affect specific elements of the immune system. High-dose vitamin A supplements have been given, at widely-spaced time intervals, to preschool children in communities where vitamin A deficiency causes xerophtalmia and bli...
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Research Interests: Geography and Gynecology
Une etude a ete realisee a Bamako (capitale du Mali) afin de determiner l’influence du niveau de vie sur les pratiques alimentaires et commensales des familles. Elle a pris en compte les repas familiaux consommes a domicile au cours d’une... more
Une etude a ete realisee a Bamako (capitale du Mali) afin de determiner l’influence du niveau de vie sur les pratiques alimentaires et commensales des familles. Elle a pris en compte les repas familiaux consommes a domicile au cours d’une journee alimentaire. La recherche de differenciation des pratiques alimentaires et commensales selon la categorie socio-economique a conduit a selectionner les familles d’apres deux criteres, l’un relatif au quartier d’habitation et l’autre aux elements du confort du domicile et des investissements urbains. Dans chacun des quartiers riches et intermediaires, vingt-quatre familles ont ete interrogees contre vingt-six dans le quartier pauvre. Quel que soit le type de famille, il a ete observe une structure homogene de trois repas par jour constitues d’une base et d’une sauce. En revanche, le choix et la composition des plats d’un repas a l’autre sont tres variables selon la categorie de la famille. Les cereales representent le principal aliment du pe...
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Food bought outside the house from woman vendors accounts for a significant part of the nutritional intake in urban areas in Africa regardless of age and socio-economic category of the inhabitants. Despite this fact outdoor food... more
Food bought outside the house from woman vendors accounts for a significant part of the nutritional intake in urban areas in Africa regardless of age and socio-economic category of the inhabitants. Despite this fact outdoor food consumption is not adequately taken into account in relevant studies. The great variability in space and time of recipes used by vendors makes it very difficult to estimate the nutritional value of the food consumed. The purpose of the present study which was carried out on some female vendors in Bamako, Mali, was to evaluate a simplified assessment method. Assessment is based on information that vendors can easily provide: recipes including ingredients and quantities and sales figures. The results obtained were coherent and appeared to be fairly accurate. However they have to be confirmed by laboratory analyses. Compared to average per capita wages in Mali, the income of these female vendors appears to be high.
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Great modifications in social and family relationships and life style come from rapid urbanisation in developing countries. Various types of malnutrition coexist in these towns. Food consumption outside the home is more and more common.... more
Great modifications in social and family relationships and life style come from rapid urbanisation in developing countries. Various types of malnutrition coexist in these towns. Food consumption outside the home is more and more common. This in turn encourages rapid growth in the food informal economic sector which must be taken into account in food and nutrition policy and planning. The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics and complementarities between home and outside the home food consumption of different kinds of individuals coming from different kinds of families in Bamako, in terms of expenditures and aspects of food and nutritional intakes. 366 individuals from 74 families were interviewed. They were chosen according to defined criteria in three districts of Bamako of high, middle and poor socio-economic level. At home the daily food expenditure is 2.27 and 3.79 times greater per individual in rich than in middle income and poor families respectively. Animal p...
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Eating outside the home is very common in African cities. Food is bought from street vendors and eaten on the street. A large proportion of these consumers are school children, but little is known about what they buy, and the reasons why... more
Eating outside the home is very common in African cities. Food is bought from street vendors and eaten on the street. A large proportion of these consumers are school children, but little is known about what they buy, and the reasons why they make the choices they do. We therefore surveyed 494 second and sixth year primary school children in 1993. They were all enrolled at schools or Muslim colleges in both affluent and underprivileged areas of Bamako (Mali). The language used for the survey was Bambara. Almost all the children had money, mostly given by either or both of their parents and in most cases supplemented by odd jobs. The richest group of children were those in the sixth year in the more privileged areas. However, within a district or a (school) class, there was no correlation between the family's socio-economic group (SEG) and money available to the child. The proportions of children in each area, SEG and class buying the following classes of food were nearly identic...
Research Interests: Geography, Adolescent, Urban Health, Medicine, Mali, and 11 moreStudents, Humans, Child, Female, Pubmed, Male, Food Preferences, Santé, Sante, Socioeconomic Factors, and Nutritive Value
Une recherche comportant une enquete en deux temps, realisee en 1995 a Bamako, a permis d’etudier les pratiques et les raisons exprimees de recours a l’alimentation de rue chez des sujets appartenant a trois categories de familles... more
Une recherche comportant une enquete en deux temps, realisee en 1995 a Bamako, a permis d’etudier les pratiques et les raisons exprimees de recours a l’alimentation de rue chez des sujets appartenant a trois categories de familles socio-economiquement differentes (riches, intermediaires et pauvres). Hormis les adultes riches, pratiquement tous les individus, quels que soient leur sexe et leur âge, consomment quotidiennement des aliments de rue. La diversite des plats et aliments consommes est plus grande chez les sujets des familles riches que chez ceux des familles intermediaires et pauvres. Chez les pauvres, les achats sont concentres sur un fruit ou une friture. Les depenses en aliments de rue par personne et par jour sont, par rapport aux familles pauvres, deux fois plus elevees dans les familles intermediaires et trois fois plus dans les familles aisees : 36,5 FCFA contre 65,7 et 92,9 FCFA. De multiples motivations sont exprimees pour expliquer le recours a l’alimentation de rue : contraintes liees a l’activite professionnelle, plaisir gustatif, complement alimentaire individualise, lie a l’insuffisance de l’alimentation a domicile dans le contexte de crise economique.
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Summary: A cross-sectional study was carried out during the dry season, within the framework of an extension of an existing sanitary progam. In December 1991, a cluster sample of 2,631 children was selected in a rural district of Mali, in... more
Summary: A cross-sectional study was carried out during the dry season, within the framework of an extension of an existing sanitary progam. In December 1991, a cluster sample of 2,631 children was selected in a rural district of Mali, in the district of Koutiala, ...
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ObjectivesTo assess vitamin A supplementation (VAS) coverage of children aged 6–59 months and the factors that favour or limit this coverage during the National Nutrition Weeks in Mali.DesignCross-sectional study. Interviews about... more
ObjectivesTo assess vitamin A supplementation (VAS) coverage of children aged 6–59 months and the factors that favour or limit this coverage during the National Nutrition Weeks in Mali.DesignCross-sectional study. Interviews about demographic factors and children's adherence to the vitamin A capsule distribution programme were conducted. Professionals' knowledge of vitamin A and various aspects related to the supplementation strategy were assessed.SettingFive regions out of the eight regions in the country, in addition to Bamako District. Three rural communes were selected in three regions to represent rural areas.SubjectsParents or caregivers of children under 5 years of age, health agents who participated in the weeks, and community and administrative leaders.ResultsAt least 80% of the children received the supplement. More ‘traditional’ communication channels (town criers, friends and family members) appeared to be more effective in reaching the target groups than modern ...
Research Interests: Health Promotion, Public Health Nutrition, Health Education, Public Health, Medicine, and 15 moreLogistic Regression, Mali, Humans, Female, Male, Active Listening, Infant, Dietary Supplements, School Children, Adult, Rural Area, Cross Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Child preschool, and Medical and Health Sciences
Objective:To assess the effect on the haemoglobin concentrations of schoolchildren of weekly iron tablets administered by teachers.Design:Sixty schools were randomly assigned to two groups: in 30 schools children were given weekly for 10... more
Objective:To assess the effect on the haemoglobin concentrations of schoolchildren of weekly iron tablets administered by teachers.Design:Sixty schools were randomly assigned to two groups: in 30 schools children were given weekly for 10 weeks a tablet providing 65 mg of iron and 0.25 mg of folic acid; in the other 30 schools no iron tablets were given. All children were dewormed and given vitamin A before the study began. The haemoglobin concentration of up to 20 randomly selected children in each school was estimated before and 2 weeks after the end of treatment.Setting:Rural community schools in Kolondieba district of Mali.Subjects:Some 1113 schoolchildren aged 6–19 years with a mean of 11.4 years.Results:The haemoglobin concentration of treated children rose on average by 1.8 g l-1 (P < 0.001) and the prevalence of anaemia fell by 8.2% (P < 0.001); in untreated children the haemoglobin concentration fell by an average of -2.7 g l-1 (P < 0.001) and the prevalence of anae...
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ObjectiveTo review the prevalence, severity and determinants of anaemia among women in West and Central Africa (WCA) and raise awareness among policy makers and programme planners in the region.DesignSystematic descriptive review of data... more
ObjectiveTo review the prevalence, severity and determinants of anaemia among women in West and Central Africa (WCA) and raise awareness among policy makers and programme planners in the region.DesignSystematic descriptive review of data in the public domain of the ORC Macro MEASURE Demographic and Health Surveys, national nutrition surveys, oral and technical communications at regional meetings, studies published in scientific journals, and WHO and UNICEF databases.SettingWest and Central Africa region.SubjectsWomen of childbearing age.ResultsThe prevalence of anaemia among pregnant and non-pregnant women is higher than 50 % and 40 %, respectively, in all countries. Within countries, this prevalence varies by living setting (rural v. urban), women's age and education. Across countries, socio-economic and climatic differences have no apparent association with the prevalence of anaemia among women. Several factors contribute either alone or jointly to the high rates of maternal a...
Research Interests: Public Health Nutrition, Poverty, Environmental Health, Lactation, Central Africa, and 15 moreAdolescent, Medicine, Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Young Adult, Anemia, Awareness, Prevalence, Western Africa, Adult, Nutrition Policy, Severity of Illness Index, Medical and Health Sciences, and Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
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... est obtenue pour les cinq caroténoïdes dans une gamme de concentration allant de 0,25 à 1,5 pmol μl 1 . Les taux de recouvrement sont dans l ... Les échantillons de patates douces nous ont été apportés par l'ONG Hellen Keller... more
... est obtenue pour les cinq caroténoïdes dans une gamme de concentration allant de 0,25 à 1,5 pmol μl 1 . Les taux de recouvrement sont dans l ... Les échantillons de patates douces nous ont été apportés par l'ONG Hellen Keller International dans des sachets en plastiques noirs ...
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Helen Keller Worldwide (HKW) is a nongovernmental organization (NGO) whose mission is to save the sight and lives of the most vulnerable people in the human family. Helen Keller International (HKI) is the international division of HKW... more
Helen Keller Worldwide (HKW) is a nongovernmental organization (NGO) whose mission is to save the sight and lives of the most vulnerable people in the human family. Helen Keller International (HKI) is the international division of HKW that works to establish primary eye-...
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La nutrition est au carrefour d’un certain nombre de disciplines. Elle a aussi plusieurs dimensions qui doivent etre prises en compte pour assurer sa contribution effective au developpement national. Chacun de nous ici se sent responsable... more
La nutrition est au carrefour d’un certain nombre de disciplines. Elle a aussi plusieurs dimensions qui doivent etre prises en compte pour assurer sa contribution effective au developpement national. Chacun de nous ici se sent responsable de renseigner le Politique. Or les politiques de nutrition sont envisagees a plusieurs niveaux, notamment international, regional et national, et ces differents niveaux de formulation et de mise en œuvre de politiques sont interdependants. Il me semble donc ...