... POR COMPUESTOS ORGÁNICOS PERSISTENTES EN DIFERENTES COHORTES DEL ESTUDIO INFANCIA Y MEDIO AMBIENTE (INMA) 111 Rosa ... Aragonés, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Mario Antonio Fernández, María José González, Concha de Paz, Elisa Gil, Andrés... more
... POR COMPUESTOS ORGÁNICOS PERSISTENTES EN DIFERENTES COHORTES DEL ESTUDIO INFANCIA Y MEDIO AMBIENTE (INMA) 111 Rosa ... Aragonés, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Mario Antonio Fernández, María José González, Concha de Paz, Elisa Gil, Andrés Iriso, Ana ...
Research Interests:
A principal components multivariate statistical approach (SIMCA) was used to examine complex mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyl residues (PCBs) in fly ash from municipal incinerators
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Phthalates are chemicals that have been used for over 80 years in large quantities due to their wide range of applications, mainly in the plastic industry. For many years, these compounds were not considered dangerous for humans due to... more
Phthalates are chemicals that have been used for over 80 years in large quantities due to their wide range of applications, mainly in the plastic industry. For many years, these compounds were not considered dangerous for humans due to their low toxicity shown in the preliminary studies and their low persistence. However, research conducted in recent years has evidenced their activity as endocrine disruptors, and they are now considered as emerging contaminants and included in the priority list of dangerous substances in the legislation of many countries. This chapter provides an overview on the properties, major uses, emission sources, environmental and human levels, current legislation, behavior and fate of phthalates, and their metabolites, with special emphasis on their toxicity and human exposure.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Environmental Monitoring, Adolescent, Exposure Assessment, Humans, Child, and 15 moreMicronuclei, Female, Feasibility Studies, Heavy Metal, Male, Infant, Middle Aged, Lessons Learned, Adult, Biological markers, Environmental Pollutants, Environmental Exposure, General Population, Cohort Studies, and Micronucleus tests
Research Interests:
... Samples of water were taken in ten different locations of the park and adjacent areas: Canal de Casa Riera (1), Huerta de las Arenas (2), Lucio del Cangrejo (3), Canal del Cherry (4), Lucio del Membrillo (5), Carlo Guadiamar (6),... more
... Samples of water were taken in ten different locations of the park and adjacent areas: Canal de Casa Riera (1), Huerta de las Arenas (2), Lucio del Cangrejo (3), Canal del Cherry (4), Lucio del Membrillo (5), Carlo Guadiamar (6), Lucio de Marl L6pez (7), La Rocina (8), Laguna ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
... JF GARCÍA ... A total of 40 adipose tissue samples were obtained from San Carlos Clinical Hospital of Madrid through the good offices of Dr. ML Mendoza and MI Carrion. ... Country United Kingdom USA Italy Poland Turkey Australia... more
... JF GARCÍA ... A total of 40 adipose tissue samples were obtained from San Carlos Clinical Hospital of Madrid through the good offices of Dr. ML Mendoza and MI Carrion. ... Country United Kingdom USA Italy Poland Turkey Australia Pakistan Holland Canada Japan Kenya Spain ...
Research Interests:
The impact of the spill from the mine in Aznalcollar (Seville, Spain) on waterfowl in the Doñana National Park is assessed. The concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn nd As in the liver and eggs of 16 species of waterfowl found dead in the Park... more
The impact of the spill from the mine in Aznalcollar (Seville, Spain) on waterfowl in the Doñana National Park is assessed. The concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn nd As in the liver and eggs of 16 species of waterfowl found dead in the Park between April and November 1998 were determined. The highest levels were found for Zn, followed by Cu, Pb, Cd and As. The main parameters related to the accumulation of these elements in the waterfowl studied were species and trophic level. The other variables studied--distance from the spill, days of exposure, sex, size, and age--are important, although this depends on the element studied. Zn and Cu from the spill have entered the food chain of the aquatic birds studied, but Cd, Pb and As have not. There is currently no evidence to suggest that the trace element concentrations measured have reached toxic levels.
Research Interests:
The different parameters affecting the ionisation and fragmentation of selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in an IT detector working in the MS/MS mode, ITD(MS/MS), have been optimised for maximum selectivity and sensibility. The low... more
The different parameters affecting the ionisation and fragmentation of selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in an IT detector working in the MS/MS mode, ITD(MS/MS), have been optimised for maximum selectivity and sensibility. The low LODs (in the range 0.03-0.3 microg/L), the satisfactory repeatability (RSDs in general below 11%) and reproducibility (RSDs below 17%) obtained when analysing standard solutions ensured proper determination of the PCBs studied at the concentrations typically found in food samples. Foodstuffs naturally contaminated with varying levels of PCBs have been analysed using the optimised GC-ITD(MS/MS) method. The results obtained compared favourably with those found using more conventional detectors, such as (micro-)electron capture detection (for ortho-PCBs) and high-resolution MS (for non-ortho-PCBs), as well as with the consensus PCB levels established for these particular samples via an international interlaboratory exercise. The relative merits of these three detectors have been discussed.
Research Interests:
... Hernández, LM, Rico, Ma.C., González, Ma.J., Hernán, Ma.A. and Fernández, MA, J. Field Ornithol., (in press) (1986). Kaiser, TE, Reichel, WL, Locke, LN, Cromartie, E., Krynitsky, AJ, Laraont, TG, Mulhern, BM, Prouty, RM, Stafford, CJ... more
... Hernández, LM, Rico, Ma.C., González, Ma.J., Hernán, Ma.A. and Fernández, MA, J. Field Ornithol., (in press) (1986). Kaiser, TE, Reichel, WL, Locke, LN, Cromartie, E., Krynitsky, AJ, Laraont, TG, Mulhern, BM, Prouty, RM, Stafford, CJ and Swineford, DM, Pestic. Monit. ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Engineering, Chemistry, Technology, Medicine, Sample Preparation, and 12 moreHumans, Solid Phase Extraction, Feasibility Studies, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Gas Chromatography, Polychlorinated Biphenyl, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Silica Gel, Human Serum, Sulphuric Acid, and Relative Standard Deviation
The polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), dibenzofuran (PCDF), and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contents of 123 Spanish commercial salmon, tuna fish, sardine, oyster, mussel, and clam samples from 1995 to 2003 were investigated. A... more
The polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), dibenzofuran (PCDF), and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contents of 123 Spanish commercial salmon, tuna fish, sardine, oyster, mussel, and clam samples from 1995 to 2003 were investigated. A significant decrease of dioxin and non-ortho PCB concentrations in the studied species was found over the years. The decrease was greater in the case of dioxins than in that of non-ortho PCBs, especially during the early years of the study. PCB and PCDD/F concentrations in the years 2001-2003 were comparable to those reported in the literature for similar species collected after 1999. Mean PCB concentrations ranged from 3.46 ng/g of fresh weight (fw) in clams to 100 ng/g of fw in tuna fish. PCDD/F mean current levels ranged from 0.62 pg/g of fw in clams to 2.89 pg/g of fw in oysters. Toxic equivalent quantities (WHO-TEQ) ranged from 0.05 pg of WHO-TEQ(PCDD/Fs)/g of fw in clams to 0.5 pg of WHO-TEQ(PCDD/Fs)/g of fw in salmon (in the upper bound determination levels). When coplanar PCBs were included, the WHO-TEQ(PCDD/Fs+cop) (PCBs) values increased by a range of 1.7 times in oysters to 14.1 times in tuna fish. The decrease in dioxin concentrations suggests that efforts to control dioxin emissions and to reduce human exposure through foodstuffs are succeeding. The high contribution of PCBs to total WHO-TEQs in the fish and shellfish species investigated suggests that it is important to determine PCBs in foodstuffs, and especially in fish products, and they should be included in further research and future legislation.
Research Interests:
Congener-specific analyses of seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs, three non-ortho and 8 mono-ortho dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were performed on 258 Spanish foodstuff samples, mainly of animal origin, for 2000--03.... more
Congener-specific analyses of seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs, three non-ortho and 8 mono-ortho dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were performed on 258 Spanish foodstuff samples, mainly of animal origin, for 2000--03. Daily dietary intakes of PCDD/Fs and PCBs, expressed as toxic equivalents (WHO-TEQs), were estimated by combining food consumption data from the Spanish National Institute Statistics survey and concentration levels measured in individual samples, using upper bound determination values (not detectable = limit of detection). The calculated dietary intake of PCDD/Fs for a person weighing 70 kg was 1.35+/-0.11pg WHO-TEQs kg(-1) bw day(-1), and 3.22+/-0.75 pg WHO-TEQs kg(-1) bw day(-1) if dioxin-like PCBs (non- and mono-ortho PCBs) were included, showing the importance of their inclusion in monitoring studies. Both values were within the range of tolerable daily intake (TDI) proposed by the WHO (1-4pg WHO-TEQs kg(-1) bw day(-1)). The current levels are lower than earlier intakes estimates conducted in Spain. Meat and meat products accounted for more than 35% of the intake, followed by milk and milk products (29%), vegetables oils (19%), fish and seafood (11%) and eggs (4%). Dioxin-like PCBs are an important component in the total WHO-TEQs in foodstuffs. This is particularly true for the fish food group, where the total WHO-TEQs is dominated by dioxin-like PCBs (up to 80% of WHO-TEQs in some cases).
Research Interests: Engineering, Chemistry, Diet, Medicine, Food Analysis, and 15 moreSpain, Humans, Food Consumption, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Milk products, Polychlorinated Biphenyl, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Vegetable oil, Food Additives, Food Contamination, Upper Bound, Meat products, Dioxins, Dietary intake, and Medical and Health Sciences
ABSTRACT
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Cambridge Journals Online (CJO) is the e-publishing service for over 270 journals published by Cambridge University Press and is entirely developed and hosted in-house. The platform's powerful capacity and reliable... more
Cambridge Journals Online (CJO) is the e-publishing service for over 270 journals published by Cambridge University Press and is entirely developed and hosted in-house. The platform's powerful capacity and reliable performance are maintained by a combination of our own expertise ...
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Chemistry, Arsenic, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Chemistry, Medicine, and 15 moreMultidisciplinary, Insecticides, Aquatic Ecosystem, Pesticide, Copper, Pesticides, Animals, Heavy Metal, Lead, Fishes, European eel, Freshwater Fish, Polychlorinated Biphenyl, Fresh water, and Organochlorine pesticide
ABSTRACT
Research Interests:
A new approach to the determination of six toxaphene congeners in edible stuff has been accomplished. The analytical procedure presented in this paper involves a single-step cleanup process prior to the analysis. A solution containing... more
A new approach to the determination of six toxaphene congeners in edible stuff has been accomplished. The analytical procedure presented in this paper involves a single-step cleanup process prior to the analysis. A solution containing three (13)C labelled polychlorinated biphenyls was used as internal standard and tetrachloronaphtalene was used as injection standard. The analytical technique used was gas chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry detector in MS/MS mode. The parameters affecting the successive fragmentations were discussed and optimized. The limits of detection ranged from 2 to 49pg microl(-1). The toxaphene congeners were determined in two different fish liver oil pills sold in Spain as a supplementary vitamin support.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Environmental Science, Principal Component Analysis, Medicine, Multidisciplinary, Spain, and 15 moreInsecticides, DDT, Heavy metals, Heavy Metal, Ground Water, Lead, Surface Water, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Benzophenones, Cadmium, Protected Area, Lindane, Geologic Sediments, Soil Pollutants, and Dieldrin
Although breastfeeding is the ideal way of nurturing infants, it can be a source of exposure to toxicants. This study reports the concentration of Hg, Pb and Cd in breast milk from a sample of women drawn from the general population of... more
Although breastfeeding is the ideal way of nurturing infants, it can be a source of exposure to toxicants. This study reports the concentration of Hg, Pb and Cd in breast milk from a sample of women drawn from the general population of the Madrid Region, and explores the association between metal levels and socio-demographic factors, lifestyle habits, diet and environmental exposures, including tobacco smoke, exposure at home and occupational exposures. Breast milk was obtained from 100 women (20 mL) at around the third week postpartum. Pb, Cd and Hg levels were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Metal levels were log-transformed due to non-normal distribution. Their association with the variables collected by questionnaire was assessed using linear regression models. Separate models were fitted for Hg, Pb and Cd, using univariate linear regression in a first step. Secondly, multivariate linear regression models were adjusted introducing potential confounders specific for each metal. Finally, a test for trend was performed in order to evaluate possible dose-response relationships between metal levels and changes in variables categories. Geometric mean Hg, Pb and Cd content in milk were 0.53 μg L(-1), 15.56 μg L(-1), and 1.31 μg L(-1), respectively. Decreases in Hg levels in older women and in those with a previous history of pregnancies and lactations suggested clearance of this metal over lifetime, though differences were not statistically significant, probably due to limited sample size. Lead concentrations increased with greater exposure to motor vehicle traffic and higher potato consumption. Increased Cd levels were associated with type of lactation and tended to increase with tobacco smoking. Surveillance for the presence of heavy metals in human milk is needed. Smoking and dietary habits are the main factors linked to heavy metal levels in breast milk. Our results reinforce the need to strengthen national food safety programs and to further promote avoidance of unhealthy behaviors such as smoking during pregnancy.
Research Interests:
This study has been carried out along Ebro River (Spain); this river is 928 km long and drains an area of 85,000 km 2 approximately. The Ebro basin is the most economically important area of the North of the Iberian Peninsula. The primary... more
This study has been carried out along Ebro River (Spain); this river is 928 km long and drains an area of 85,000 km 2 approximately. The Ebro basin is the most economically important area of the North of the Iberian Peninsula. The primary sources of heavy metals in the river are the industrial activities along the basin, municipal effluents and
Research Interests:
Polychlorinated biphenyls have been widely used by industry throughout the world since 1930. Although their use has been banned in many countries since the late 1970s, they still represent an important class of priority pollutants due to... more
Polychlorinated biphenyls have been widely used by industry throughout the world since 1930. Although their use has been banned in many countries since the late 1970s, they still represent an important class of priority pollutants due to their persistence. Most open uses ...
Research Interests: Environmental Science, Environmental Monitoring, Medicine, Mediterranean Sea, Lipids, and 14 moreEnvironmental Sciences, Sharks, Liver, Atlantic Ocean, Animals, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Gas Chromatography, Polychlorinated Biphenyl, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Environmental Pollutants, Species Specificity, Dogfish, Atlantic Islands, and Bulletin
... for breast feed-ing infants. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 45:811-818 Heeschen W (1980) Toxikologische bewertung von HCH ruch standen. Kiel Milchwirtsch Forshungsber 32:151-155 Ip HMH, Phillips DJH (1989) Organochlorine chemicals in... more
... for breast feed-ing infants. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 45:811-818 Heeschen W (1980) Toxikologische bewertung von HCH ruch standen. Kiel Milchwirtsch Forshungsber 32:151-155 Ip HMH, Phillips DJH (1989) Organochlorine chemicals in human milk in Hong Kong. ...
Research Interests: Chemistry, Pesticide Residues, Medicine, Lipids, Adipose tissue, and 15 moreInsecticides, Environmental Sciences, Humans, Developing Country, Female, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated Biphenyl, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Adult, Breast milk, Human Milk, Food Chain, Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Organic Compound, and Bulletin
Organochlorine compounds (insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls) are known to maintain their stability in the aquatic environment for long periods. DDT and cyclodiene insecticides were used widely in Spain until their use was banned... more
Organochlorine compounds (insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls) are known to maintain their stability in the aquatic environment for long periods. DDT and cyclodiene insecticides were used widely in Spain until their use was banned in 1976; DDT and its degradation products are still found in environmental samples. Since DDT has been legally restricted for use, lindane has become important as a
Research Interests: Environmental Science, Environmental Monitoring, Medicine, Insecticides, Environmental Sciences, and 15 moreDeveloping Country, Food web, Animals, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Gas Chromatography, Chemical Analysis, Iberian Peninsula, Oligochaeta, Polychlorinated Biphenyl, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Industrial Location, Soil Water, Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Organic Compound, and Soil Pollutants
Research Interests: Chemistry, Population Dynamics, Pesticide Residues, Environmental Pollution, Medicine, and 13 moreChiroptera, Spain, Insecticides, Environmental Sciences, Developing Country, Animals, Polychlorinated Biphenyl, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Species Specificity, Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Population dynamic, Organic Compound, and Environmental Exposure
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Pesticide Residues, Environmental Sciences, Pesticide, Developing Country, Pesticides, and 15 moreBirds, Animals, Heavy Metal, Chemical Analysis, Metals, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, National Park, Eggs, Egg, Food Chain, Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Organic Compound, Adverse effect, Bulletin, and Organochlorine pesticide
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Environmental Science, Pesticide Residues, Medicine, Environmental Sciences, Animals, and 15 moreDrinking Water, Plants, Iberian Peninsula, Oligochaeta, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Preparation, Environmental Pollutants, Lindane, Seed Treatment, Food Chain, Environment, Organic Compound, Soil Pollutants, and Isomerism
Research Interests: Nutritional Epidemiology, Environmental Monitoring, Medicine, Linear models, Multivariate Analysis, and 15 moreFetal development, Pregnancy, Humans, Needs Assessment, Mercury, Female, Male, Lead, Cadmium, Adult, Environmental Pollutants, Gestational Age, Pilot Projects, Cohort Studies, and Maternal Exposure
Research Interests: Principal Component Analysis, Petroleum, Archives, Water Pollution, Multidisciplinary, and 14 moreLipids, Sharks, Liver, Animals, Fishes, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Trophic Level, Polychlorinated Biphenyl, Geographic Variation, Analysis of Variance, North Sea, Atlantic Islands, Wet weight, and stereoisomerism
ABSTRACT
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Phthalates (PAEs) are ubiquitous toxic chemical compounds. During the last few years, some phthalate metabolites (MPAEs) have been proposed as appropriate biomarkers in human urine samples to determine PAE human intake and exposure. So,... more
Phthalates (PAEs) are ubiquitous toxic chemical compounds. During the last few years, some phthalate metabolites (MPAEs) have been proposed as appropriate biomarkers in human urine samples to determine PAE human intake and exposure. So, it is necessary to have fast, easy, robust and validated analytical methods to determine selected MPAEs in urine human samples. Two different instrumental methods based on gas (GC) and ultra-high performance liquid (UHPLC) chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) have been optimized, characterized and validated for the simultaneous determination of nine primary and secondary phthalate metabolites in urine samples. Both instrumental methods have similar sensitivity (detection limits ranged from 0.03 to 8.89 pg μL(-1) and from 0.06 to 0.49 pg μL(-1) in GC-MS and UHPLC-MS(2), respectively), precision (repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation, which was lower than 8.4% in both systems, except for 5OH-MEHP in the case of GC-MS) and ...