Objective: The study was designed to diffuse awareness on the prevalence of Escherichia coli as a causative agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) in Sokoto metropolis as well as to determine the susceptibility to commonly used... more
Objective: The study was designed to diffuse awareness on the prevalence of Escherichia coli as a causative agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) in Sokoto metropolis as well as to determine the susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics in Specialist Hospital Sokoto (SHS). This is also to raise awareness of the risk of giving antibiotics and their direct impact on the outcome analysis of UTIs.Methods: This study was conducted at SHS, and ethical approval to carry out the study was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the hospital. Informed consent was obtained from each participant. Early morning, mid-stream clean catch urine samples were collected by patients in sterile disposable containers. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined against 10 commonly prescribed antibiotics in SHS using the modified Kirby–Bauer disc agar diffusion.Results: A total of 86 urine samples were analyzed over 2 months, and 34 were culture positive giving an isolation rate of 39.5...
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Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the suitability of triclosan (TCS) and flurbiprofen (FLB) with poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), chitosan (CS), and Kolliphor® P188 (KP) for possible application in the design of nano-formulations.... more
Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the suitability of triclosan (TCS) and flurbiprofen (FLB) with poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), chitosan (CS), and Kolliphor® P188 (KP) for possible application in the design of nano-formulations. Results Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the physical characteristics of the various sample compositions without any apparent interaction. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)’s spectra of the physical mixtures showed their characteristic absorption bands with broadening and overlapping of bands in some instances, but no appearance of new bands was observed. Conclusion The study revealed the physical form stability of the evaluated components after the storage period and lack of definite pharmaceutical incompatibility between them. Thus, the selected drugs and excipients could be used for the development of pharmaceutical nano-formulations.
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The study was aimed at investigating the concentration and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of domestic avian specie chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus ) in Sokoto, Northern Nigeria by using Flame atomic absorption... more
The study was aimed at investigating the concentration and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of domestic avian specie chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus ) in Sokoto, Northern Nigeria by using Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). Tissues selected include gizzard , pectoral muscle, liver, lungs and kidney. Heavy metals studied are Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn). The mean concentration of Fe, Cu, and Zn were found below the official tolerable/safety limit set by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO). However the concentration of Pb in lungs and liver are (0.77 ± 0.17mg/kg) and (0.38 ±0.11mg/kg) respectively, all of which were above tolerable limits, likewise the concentration of Cd (0.77±0.35mg/kg) and Cr (3.03±0.10mg/kg) in pectoral muscle. Ni was not detected in liver, lungs and kidneys, whereas concentration of Cr was found very low in liver (2.04±0.01mg/kg) and...
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Background : Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen causing varieties of mild to life threatening community and hospital on-set infections. This study was carried out to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of... more
Background : Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen causing varieties of mild to life threatening community and hospital on-set infections. This study was carried out to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds of patients at a tertiary healthcare facility in Sokoto, Nigeria. Methods : All wound swabs obtained from patients with wound infections during the study period were cultured on mannitol salt agar media. The isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out on the identified isolates using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) test was carried out using Oxacillin agar screen test as described by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI, 2016). Results : A total of twenty (20) Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from thirty-eight (38) wound specimens investigated. Out of whic...
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Background: Salmonella arizonae, an uncommon uropathogen, is a potentially serious cause of urinary tract infection (UTI). Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella arizonae among Gramnegative... more
Background: Salmonella arizonae, an uncommon uropathogen, is a potentially serious cause of urinary tract infection (UTI). Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella arizonae among Gramnegative uropathogens in Sokoto, Nigeria. Materials & Methods: A total of 365 urine samples were collected over a period of four months and examined to detect the presence of bacterial pathogens. Isolates were identified and their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics was determined using the Microgen Identification Kit (GN-ID) and modified Kirby Bauer method, respectively. Results: The results were interpreted according to the methods described by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) in 2012. A total of 61 Gram-negative bacteria comprising 19 (31.15%) E. coli, 15 (24.59%) Salmonella arizonae, 7 (11.48%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 (4.92%) Klebsiella oxytoca, 6 (9.84%) Enterobacter gergoviae, 4 (6.56%) Citrobacter freundii, 4 (6.56%) Serratia marcescens, ...
Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the genetic relatedness of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli using the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction... more
Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the genetic relatedness of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli using the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) technique. Methods: Suspected Gram-negative bacteria with their identities from the clinical samples were confirmed using Microgen GN-A-ID Kit. The double-disc synergy test was used to confirm for ESBL-producing E. coli. The susceptibility of the organisms was tested against eleven antimicrobial agents. A singleplex PCR assay was carried out targeting TEM, SHV, CTX-M, and OXA. ERIC-PCR performed, and band patterns obtained were visually evaluated. A dendrogram of the ERIC-PCR fingerprint pattern was done with the aid of DendroUPGMA using the cluster method. Results: Of the 576 clinical samples collected, 23 isolates were confirmed E. coli, and all (100%) are ESBL producers. The highest antibiotic resistance rate was recorded in cefixime (95.6%), a...
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Introduction and objective. For an effective and desired outcome of therapy to be achieved, the technical capacity of the healthcare worker is a key factor. The aim of the study is to assess knowledge and attitudes of primary healthcare... more
Introduction and objective. For an effective and desired outcome of therapy to be achieved, the technical capacity of the healthcare worker is a key factor. The aim of the study is to assess knowledge and attitudes of primary healthcare (PHC) workers towards rational artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) prescribed in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Materials and method. This is a descriptive cross-sectional survey in which a self-administered structured questionnaire was used. A combination of stratified and multistage sampling techniques where utilized in the selection of the healthcare workers (HCWs). Results. Of the 422 respondents, 100 (23.7%) were males and 322 (76.3%) were females. Respondents with less than five years in practice accounted for 36%, while 64% had six years and above of practice. Community health extension workers (CHEW) accounted for 54%, while 46% were either community health officers (CHO), nurses, midwives, Bachelors of Science (BSc) in commu...
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Objective: Infections of the urinary tract remains one of the most common bacterial infections with many implicated organisms being Gram-negative, which are increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents. The aim of the study was to... more
Objective: Infections of the urinary tract remains one of the most common bacterial infections with many implicated organisms being Gram-negative, which are increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents. The aim of the study was to evaluate the resistance of ESBL producing Gram-negative enterobacteriaceae to commonly prescribed antibiotics and the prevalence of CTX-M genes from these isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: The isolates were collected from urine over a period of 4 mo and studied, and were identified using Microgen Identification Kit (GN-ID). Susceptibility testing was performed by the modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, and results were interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production was detected by the double-disc synergy test (DDST). Molecular characterization was based on the isolates that were positive for the phenotypic detection of ESBL. Results: Sixty one (...