Rohana Ngah

This paper presents the current state of ongoing research on intellectual capital of SMEs. Sustainable competitive advantage is very important if SMEs are to survive and thrive in a globally competitive environment where uncertainty and ambiguity are the norm. Business sustainability makes firms resilient so they are better able to adapt to change. It is said that SMEs are vulnerable and not robust enough to withstand the onslaught of the economic and global competition. Entrepreneurship is more than resources and capabilities. It is about exploiting opportunity through its resources and capabilities to be innovative and creating value. Knowledge is one of the resources that when managed properly and intelligently, can turn into innovation that can help the SMEs to gain sustainable competitive advantage. The paper focuses on the questions: Why SMEs are lacking in sustainable competitive advantage? and How sustainable competitive advantage can be achieved through intellectual capital, knowledge management and innovation intelligence in SMEs? The purpose of the study is to construct a conceptual framework of Sustainable Competitive Advantage through knowledge management and innovation intelligence for SMEs.

Entrepreneurs' ability to be successful is dependent on their resilience and ability to be innovative. The role of emotional intelligence in activating entrepreneurs' innovativeness is yet to be explored in the entrepreneurial research. This preliminary study investigates the emotional intelligence, innovativeness and entrepreneurial success of entrepreneurs in Malaysia. The pilot study was carried out on 51 young entrepreneurs. The results indicate positive emotional intelligence can increase innovativeness that may lead to entrepreneurial success. Only " regulation of emotion in others " seems to be the most important dimension whereas other emotional intelligence elements seem to be less relevant to innovativeness and entrepreneurial success. Furthermore, there is no difference between male and female entrepreneurs in emotional intelligence and innovativeness but entrepreneurial success. This preliminary finding highlighted the importance of emotional intelligence especially on other elements of emotional intelligence in promoting innovativeness among entrepreneurs.

Intellectual capital of the organization would determine the success of the organization itself if it is well capitalized. Knowledge sharing is a platform for the organization to further enhance productivity. Furthermore, knowledge sharing is always linked to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) due to their advantage of being small. Convenience sampling was used for manufacturing and services industries of SMEs. Data was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to investigate the impact of intellectual capital on knowledge sharing. Measurement model and structural model were developed. Findings show that relational capital has a positive impact on knowledge sharing while human capital and structural capital has negative impact on knowledge sharing. All the intellectual capital dimensions contributed a significant impact on knowledge sharing. It is important for SMEs to invest and focus on knowledge sharing activity as it would create a platform for innovation, thus enhances the performance.

Delivering professional service to its clients, knowledge is auditing firm's core capital. In conducting its practices and businesses, auditing firms not only capture knowledge within its organization, among its own people but also capturing and protecting the information of their clients. The nature of auditing firms somehow rather controls the flow of knowledge in the firms. Knowledge management is crucial especially for knowledge-intensive firms that utilize and capitalize knowledge in all its transactions. The challenges are to highlights the knowledge management factors in auditing firms and how much knowledge management contributes to their organizational effectiveness. This empirical study reveals that knowledge dissemination, knowledge storing and knowledge protection are more prominent in this type of industry. In addition, trust played a very crucial role in knowledge flow. Knowledge dissemination was found as a main contributor toward organizational effectiveness and trust prevails as important factor in knowledge management applications in the industry.

Intellectual capital of the organization would determine the success of the organization itself if it is well capitalized. Knowledge sharing is a platform for the organization to further enhance productivity. Furthermore, knowledge sharing is always linked to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) due to their advantage of being small. Convenience sampling was used for manufacturing and services industries of SMEs. Data was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to investigate the impact of intellectual capital on knowledge sharing. Measurement model and structural model were developed. Findings show that relational capital has a positive impact on knowledge sharing while human capital and structural capital has negative impact on knowledge sharing. All the intellectual capital dimensions contributed a significant impact on knowledge sharing. It is important for SMEs to invest and focus on knowledge sharing activity as it would create a platform for innovation, thus enhances the performance.

Tacit knowledge (TK) exists in every corner of SME, in its structure and relationship especially in its people. Even though knowledge management will benefit SME as they are rich of tacit knowledge but lacking in expertise, financial capital and infrastructure, knowledge management (KM) is almost impossible for Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) currently. Since SME have efficient and informal communication network, knowledge sharing is essential especially in an organization with scarce resources. Therefore, in the wake of knowledge-based economy, tacit knowledge sharing is the best tool for SME in enhancing competence and organizational performance which suit its needs and background. Tacit knowledge sharing is still at infancy especially in SME.

This paper presents a comparative study of Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) between students of two universities from Malaysia and Indonesia. The study investigates the extent to which EI and EO test scores vary among the students. EI showed different scores between students of the two universities. The importance of EI also differs between two universities. EI and EO collectively have an impact on Entrepreneurial Inclination of Indonesian students, but only EO was significant for Malaysian students. Recommendation is provided for future research.