Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi

Background & Objective: Children are a source of energy and happiness for parents, however, if the parent –child interactions are viewed in the family context, it can be seen that parenting is a complex and stressful career and for some people. It is associated with a feeling of exhaustion and lack of energy due to caring of their children. This lack of energy and necessary physical and mental resources for the management of children goes so far as cause to exhaustion and tiredness from parenting role, the emotional distance of children, and the loss of parental efficiency. Therefore, functioning as important dimensions of parental burnout in parents and especially for mothers who are considered as permanent caregivers of children in the family. The parental burnout that has recently been affected by burnout in the professional environment entered to psychological literature and in the context of parent –child interactions, it is associated with environmental, personality, and demographic variables and in the case of stability, cause to negative psychological and physical consequences for children and caregiver. The purpose of current study was to investigate the role of demographic variables in burnout and exhaustion caused by parenting tasks.
Methods: The research method was descriptive and correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of all mothers, including mothers of children with disability and mothers with non –disabled children living in Qazvin city (North of Iran), among them the research sample consist of 149 mothers including 67 mothers of children with physical –motor and deafness disability and 82 mothers with non –disabled children were selected. Mothers with a disabled child were selected by referring to rehabilitation centers of the disabled under supervise of the general department of welfare and mothers of children with no disabilities were sampled from the public centers of the city, such as parks, sport clubs and cultural centers between summer to autumn of 2018 by convenient and voluntary sampling. After explaining the purpose of the study, taking consent of mothers to participate in the study and ensuring them about confidentiality of their information, they completed the measurement tools. These scales included a questionnaire containing the demographic variables related to parent –child (researcher –made) and parental burnout assessment (Roskam et al., 2017) consist of four dimensions emotional exhaustion, contrast with parenting role in the past, loss of parental accomplishment and emotional distancing. In the present study, the reliability of the subscales and the total scale were 0.91, 0.90, 0.88, 0.69 and 0.96 respectively. Regarding to the aim of the study, to examine the relationship between demographic variables in predicting parental burnout, Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression were used.
Result: Among the parent–related variables, including the age of the mother, the number of children, the level of mother's education, the length of marriage, the age of the mother's marriage, the status of mother's job and child –related variables, including the age of the oldest child and the child's health status that entered into the correlation analysis the results showed the significant negative correlation between the length of marriage (r= –0.18, p=0.04) and the education level of mothers with parental burnout (r= –0.21, p=0.014). There was a significant positive correlation between having a child with disability and parental burnout (r=0.17,p=0.042). Among the variables entered in the regression analysis the results also showed that the education level of mothers (β=–0.25,p=0.003) and the length of marriage had the most power in predicting parental burnout (β=–0.22,p=0.007).

Parental burnout (PB) is a pervasive phenomenon. Parenting is embedded in cultural values, and previous research has shown the role of individualism in PB. In this paper, we reanalyze previously collected data to identify profiles based on the four dimensions of PB, and explore whether these profiles vary across countries’ levels of collectivistic-individualistic (COL-IND) values. Our sample comprised 16,885 individuals from 36 countries (73% women; 27% men), and we used a latent profile approach to uncover PB profiles. The findings showed five profiles: Fulfilled, Not in PB, Low risk of PB, High risk of PB and Burned out. The profiles pointed to climbing levels of PB in the total sample and in each of the three country groups (High COL/Low IND, Medium COL-IND, Low COL/High IND). Exploratory analyses revealed that distinct dimensions of PB had the most prominent roles in the climbing pattern, depending on the countries’ levels of COL/IND. In particular, we found contrast to be a hal...

What is it to be “an ideal parent”? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? To answer these questions in a way that minimizes bias and ethnocentrism, we used open-ended questions to explore ideal-parent beliefs among 8,357 mothers and 3,517 fathers from 37 countries. Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis was utilized to first determine parenting culture zones (i.e., countries with shared ideal-parent beliefs) and then extract the predominant themes and concepts in each culture zone. The results yielded specific types of ideal-parent beliefs in five parenting culture zones: being “responsible and children/family-focused” for Asian parents, being “responsible and proper demeanor-focused” for African parents, and being “loving and responsible” for Hispanic-Italian parents. Although the most important themes and concepts were the same in the final two zones—being “loving and patient,” there were subtle differences: English-speaking, European Union, and Russian parents...

This research was done with the goal of studying the role of positive perception and parental stress ‎in prediction of marital in mothers of children with special needs & normal children‏.‏‎ The population ‎of this research was two groups of mothers with normal children and children with special needs. ‎So, 161 mothers were sampled by nonprobability & convenient method. Measurement tools ‎included Parental Stress Scale, Positive Perception Scale and Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. The ‎relationship between variables and their prediction role were analyzed in the structural model by the ‎AMOS.V24 and the differences between the two groups of mothers were analyzed with ‎independent t-test by the SPSS.V24 software. The results showed that there is a significant negative ‎correlation between parental stress and marital satisfaction and there is a significant positive ‎correlation between positive perception and marital satisfaction. Positive perception has good ‎predictive power for ...

Background and aims: Increasing the number of elective caesarean section in Iran caused by several factors including fear of normal delivery that is psychological factor. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between triple dimensions (Subjective, psychological and spiritual) of well-being in prediction of fear of normal delivery in pregnant women. Methods: This research method was descriptive and correlational. The research sample included178 pregnant women that referred to the clinic of two hospitals in Tehran with two tendencies of normal delivery and caesarean for childbirth, and were selected by convenient sampling. Participants completed the spiritual well-being scale, subjective well-being scale, psychological well-being index and researcher made questionnaire of fear of childbirth. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis. Results: The results showed negative significant correlation between spiritual well-being, religio...

The current study was administrated to investigate the attitudes to gender roles and parental exhaustion of parenting duties in mothers having or not having paid professional activity. The research method was descriptive and the research design is ex post facto. The sample of the study was 195 mothers (76 employed and 119 unemployed) who were participated voluntarily from five regions of north, south, west, east, and center of Tehran. Measurements included the Parental Burnout Assessment (consist of parental exhaustion, contrast with the past self of parent, being fed up, and emotional distancing from parenting role), and the Attitudes towards Gender Roles Questionnaire (including the traditional, the gender-specific, and the androgynist attitude). Results of the independent t-test between two groups showed that there was a significant difference between two groups of employed and unemployed mothers in attitudes towards the gender-specific role and androgynist (gender equality) role...

پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه سبک‌های دلبستگی، خودمراقبتی ذهن‌آگاه و راهبردهای حفظ رابطه در زنان و مردان متأهل با و بدون تعارض انجام شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی و از نوع علی- مقایسه‌ای بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش در دو گروه شامل کلیه زنان و مردان متأهل ساکن شهر تهران و زنان و مردان متأهل مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز مشاورۀ شهر تهران بودند که 183 فرد متأهل (گروه اول: 98 نفر و گروه دوم: 85 نفر) به روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس و داوطلب برای شرکت در پژوهش انتخاب شدند. هر دو گروه به‌صورت انفرادی به مقیاس خودمراقبتی ذهن‌آگاه کوک­کاتن (2015)، پرسشنامۀ تجارب در روابط نزدیک فرالی، والر و برینان (2000) و راهبردهای حفظ رابطۀ استافورد (2011) پاسخ دادند. نتایج حاصل از اجرای آزمون تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره (مانوا) نشان داد که زنان و مردان دارای تعارض زناشویی، در مؤلفه­های خودمراقبتی ذهن­آگاه و راهبردهای حفظ رابطه نمرات پایین­تر و در سبک­های دلبستگی اجتنابی و اضطرابی نمرات بالاتری نسبت به گروه زنان و مردان بدون تعارض زناشویی کسب کردند. وجود تعارضات حل‌نشده، موجب تضعیف رفتارهای خودمراقبتی، راهبردهای حفظ رابطه و اتخاذ سبک‌های دلبس...

Introduction: The study of the relational patterns obtained from the family of origin, the awareness and acceptance of personal emotions and the quality of the dyadic coping to external stress in married nurses who are under the pressure of family life and workload, are necessary that were investigated with the aim of focus on the effect of background, personal and interactive factors on marital satisfaction of married nurses. Methods: The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study was all married nurses working in governmental and non-governmental hospitals in Tehran during the winter period until the spring of 2017-2018. So 255 married nurses included 162 employed in the public hospital and 93 in the nongovernmental hospital were participated by voluntary in the research. For assessing the variables Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS), Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI) and Family of Origin Scal...

89 0 . شناد ی را ، ناور هورگ ،یسانش ءارهزلا ها شناد ،نانز ةدکشهوژپ )س( ا ،نارهت ، ی نار ون( ی هدنس سم وئ )ل . Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran(corresponding Author) 2 . شناد ی را ، ناور هورگ یسانش ، ءارهزلا ها شناد )س( ا ،نارهت ، ی نار . Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran :تفایرد 02 / 01 / 13 :ییاهن شریذپ 23 / 00 / 13 ضف ي تل وشانز هطبار رد یي رابتعا و تخاس : ي با ی قم ي سا ضف ي تل یاه وشانز یي س ي هد وسوم همطاف ی 1 ، شهد اضرملاغ ي ر ی 9 Virtue in marital relationship: Construct and validate the Marital Virtues Scale Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi, Gholamreza Dehshiri هديكچ :هنيمز هب یسانشناور و قلاخا دنویپ رب نوزفازور دیک ت ات هدش بجوم ییوشانز تلاماعت رتسب رد هژیو یا رب وقحم زکرمت هلاسم ن یم ایآ هک دنک هب ناوت یّمک یزاس میهافم هزاس یقلاخا یاه ؟تخادرپ :فده رضاح ةعلاطم اب فده تلیضف شجنس انز یاه ییوش یارب یسایقم یبایرابتعا و تخاس و هداوناخ رد نآ یبایزرا یناریا یاه ماجنا هدش .تس...

Objectives: This study aims to assess the mediating role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation (CER) strategies in the relationship between brain-behavioral system activity and marital satisfaction. Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population consists of all married men and women referred to two clinics of petrochemical industries in Mahshahr, of whom: 200 (106 female and 94 male) were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were the Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire, ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Pearson correlation test, multiple regression analysis and path analysis were carried out in SPSS v.17 and LISREL v.8.8. Results: All dimensions of CER (negative and positive strategies) and the activity of brain-behavioral system were significantly associated with marital satisfaction. Both negative and positive CER strategies and two Behavioral Activating System an...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as an infectious disease, is now prevalent in many countries around the world, which has recently led many governments to home quarantine and impose penalties for violating quarantine. Concerns and stress caused by lockdown and social isolation led to personal and interactive reactions in some families, which are also culturally important to address. This study was administrated to study the psychological well-being and the effect of home quarantine on marital satisfaction (MS) and parental burnout (PB) from parenting responsibilities during the prevalence of COVID-19 in Iranian parents. A total of 213 parents (140 mothers and 73 fathers) voluntarily participated in the online survey in the period of February to mid-April 2020 and completed the 5-item index of the well-being of the World Health Organization (WHO-5), the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (KMSS), and the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). The results showed that the effect of home ...

In Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequalities have been greatly reduced in areas such as education or employment. Because inequalities lead to distress, this development has largely benefited women. One notable exception is the realm of parenting, which has remained rife with inequalities even in the most egalitarian countries. We hypothesized that experiencing inequality in parenting when one holds egalitarian values and raising a child in a country characterized by a high level of gender equality in other areas, increases mothers’ psychological distress in the specific area of parenting. Multilevel modeling analyses computed among 11,538 mothers from 40 countries confirmed this prediction: high egalitarian values at the individual level and high gender equality at the societal level are associated with higher burnout levels in mothers. The associations hold beyond differences in sociodemographic characteristics at the individ...

Aim: The current study was done with the aim of investigating the role of marital virtues in promoting well-being and coping with marital burnout of married men and women living in Tehran. The research method is descriptive and correlation. Methods: For this purpose, 290 married people (152 women and 138 men) were selected through convenient sampling. For data collection, the researcher-made Marital Virtues Scale, the Well-being Scale WHO-5 (2012), and Marital Burnout Scale (Pines, 1996) were administrated. Data were analyzed using correlation and stepwise regression tests.  Results: The findings showed that there was a significant positive correlation between all marital virtues’ subscales and the well-being and there was a negative significant correlation between all marital virtues’ subscales and marital burnout. Also, the results showed the virtues of fairness, tolerance, love, and empathy can explain 13% of the variance of well-being (F=14.68, p