ABSTRACT Cerebral aneurysms tend to develop at bifurcation apices or the outer side of curved vessels where the blood vessel wall experiences complex hemodynamics. In vivo studies have recently revealed that the initiation of cerebral... more
ABSTRACT Cerebral aneurysms tend to develop at bifurcation apices or the outer side of curved vessels where the blood vessel wall experiences complex hemodynamics. In vivo studies have recently revealed that the initiation of cerebral aneurysms is confined to a well-defined hemodynamic microenvironment. Specifically aneurysms form where the vessel wall experiences high fluid shear stress (wall shear stress, WSS) and flow is accelerating, so that the wall is exposed to a positive spatial gradient in the fluid shear stress (wall shear stress gradient, WSSG)[1,2]. Closer examination of such in vivo studies reveals that exposure of the vessel wall to equally high WSS in the presence of decelerating flow, that is, negative WSSG, does not result in aneurysm-like remodeling.
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Research Interests: Engineering, Chemistry, Apoptosis, Medicine, Humans, and 15 moreEndothelial Cells, Hemodynamics, Animals, Shear Stress, Cattle, Endothelial cell, Shear Strength, Cell Proliferation, ENDOTHELIUM, Cell Survival, Cerebral Aneurysm, Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase, Intracranial aneurysm, Stress Physiological, and Medical and Health Sciences
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Sand transport and deposition is investigated in a two pass internal cooling ribbed geometry at near engine conditions. LES calculations are performed for bulk Reynolds number of 25,000 to calculate flow field and heat transfer. Constant... more
Sand transport and deposition is investigated in a two pass internal cooling ribbed geometry at near engine conditions. LES calculations are performed for bulk Reynolds number of 25,000 to calculate flow field and heat transfer. Constant wall temperature boundary condition is used to investigate the effect of temperature on particle deposition. Three different wall temperatures of 950 °C, 1000 °C and 1050 °C are considered. Particle sizes in range 0.5–25 microns are considered. A new deposition model which accounts for particle composition, temperature, impact velocity and angle and material properties of particle and surface is developed and applied. Calculated impingement and deposition patterns are discussed for different exposed surfaces in the two pass geometry. The highest particle impingement and deposition is observed in the bend region and first quarter of the second pass. Significant deposition is observed in the two pass geometry for all three wall temperatures considered. Particle impingement and hence deposition is dominated by larger particles except in the downstream half of the bend region. In total, approximately 38%, 59% and 67% of the injected particles deposit in the two passes, for the three wall temperatures of 950 °C, 1000 °C and 1050 °C, respectively. While particle impingement is highest for wall temperature of 950 °C, higher deposition is observed for 1000 °C and 1050 °C cases. Deposition increases significantly with wall temperature. For 1000 °C, roughly 12% of the impacting particles deposit. For 1050 °C, approximately 23% of the particles deposit on impact. For all the three cases, the second pass experiences higher deposition compared to the first pass due to higher turbulence and direct impingement.
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The present study entitled “Induction and molecular characterization of guava variants generated through mutation breeding” was carried out during year 2015-2016. The research work was conducted at the Fruit Research Farm, Department of... more
The present study entitled “Induction and molecular characterization of guava variants generated through mutation breeding” was carried out during year 2015-2016. The research work was conducted at the Fruit Research Farm, Department of Fruit Science and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Induction of variation is the key to improve existing potential cultivars, lacking few important traits. The guava cultivars Shweta and Lalit are promising, however, lack the traits of commerce, particularly the development of uniform coloured pigmentation on outer skin and hard seeds, respectively. To induce variation, mutation induction approach was adopted. Buds of Shweta were exposed to gamma rays at different doses viz., 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 Gy followed by patch budding of putative mutated buds on L-49 rootstock. Seeds of guava cultivars Lalit and Shweta were exposed to gamma rays at the doses of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 Gy. Generated variants were evaluated for vegetative characters based on UPOV descriptors. Statistically significant difference for all the traits were observed among generated variants. 21 SSR markers were used for molecular characterization of variants. Out of 21 primers used on 384 mutants, maximum number of mutations were identified for mPgCIR19 primer mapped to linkage group Lg:10 at 85 cM and minimum number of mutants were identified by markers mPgCIR40 and mPgCIR93. A mutant plant L207 generated by irradiating Lalit at 50 Gy resulted variation at maximum (8) different positions within the genome. The dendrogram generated using SSR markers grouped mutants into nine clusters and maximum similarity of 100 per cent was showed by B115 and B116. Whereas B201 and B310 showed minimum similarity of 64 per cent. Out of total 384 plants generated, 143 plants were selected on the basis of pigmentation of leaves. 40 SSR primers used for the molecular characterization of pigmented leaf variants generated were identified in M1V0. Out of 40 primers, maximum number of mutants were generated or identified by mPgCIR236 primer and minimum number of mutants were identified by mPgCIR418 and mPgCIR209. Plant S102 of cv. Shweta irradiated at 25 Gy, showed variation at maximum (19) different positions. The dendrogram generated using SSR markers grouped mutants into seven clusters. The maximum similarity of 99 per cent was observed in putative mutants B114 and B116, whereas B203 and B107 showed minimum similarity to the tune of 71 per cent. To conclude, the generated mutants have showed diverse variation at morphological (vegetative characters) and molecular level, which is expected to be translated into desired fruit characters for the anticipated traits.
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Effect of duration of leaf wetness on incubation period and development of rice leaf blast revealed that a minimum of 12 hours of leaf wetness was required for infection and symptoms appeared within 7 days of incubation period. The... more
Effect of duration of leaf wetness on incubation period and development of rice leaf blast revealed that a minimum of 12 hours of leaf wetness was required for infection and symptoms appeared within 7 days of incubation period. The incubation period decreased while disease severity increased significantly with increase in leaf wetness from 12 to 48 hours. A positive correlation between leaf wetness duration and disease severity was observed. Maximum increase in lesion length was recorded at 25°C followed by 20°C. Increase in lesion length was minimum at 10°C.
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Optical character recognition techniques are capable of automatic translating of document images into equivalent character codes, so it helps in saving human energy as well as cost. These techniques can play a key role to improve or... more
Optical character recognition techniques are capable of automatic translating of document images into equivalent character codes, so it helps in saving human energy as well as cost. These techniques can play a key role to improve or enhance the interaction between human and machine in many applications such as postal automation, signature verification, recognition of city names and automatic bank cheque processing/reading. This paper gives a review of various techniques explored for Devanagari word/text and isolated character recognition in the past few years. Different challenges to optical character recognition are also presented in this work. In the end, practical aspects towards the development of a robust optical character recognition system has been discussed along with directions for future research.
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Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) being a delicate technique, intraoperative bleeding is one of the major challenges. Even a little bleeding can adversely affect the surgeon's ability to visualize the... more
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) being a delicate technique, intraoperative bleeding is one of the major challenges. Even a little bleeding can adversely affect the surgeon's ability to visualize the region to be operated. General anesthesia is preferred over topical anesthesia in FESS. This study was conducted to compare the surgical field using total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and inhalational anesthesia with isoflurane for FESS. Secondary outcomes such as intraoperative blood loss and the incidence of perioperative complications were also recorded. A total of sixty patients in the age group of 16-60 years with physical status American Society of Anesthesiologists Classes I and II, undergoing FESS were randomly divided into two groups of thirty each after taking informed consent and approval from the Hospital Ethics Committee. Thirty patients in Group I: received isoflurane-based inhalational anesthesia and other Thirty patients in Group II: were administered TIVA with propofol. Various parameters were recorded and statistically analyzed. There was improved quality of surgical field at the end of surgery in the Group II as compared to Group I. Total blood loss during surgery and incidence of intraoperative complications were less in Group II as compared to Group I. This study concludes that in FESS, using TIVA with propofol decreases blood loss and the incidence of complications during surgery in addition to providing good quality of surgical field.
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In vitro evaluation of different fungicides indicated that tebuconazole proved most effective as it completely inhibited the colony growth of P.grisea at 10 μg/ml whereas azoxystrobin + difenconazole, propiconazole and difenconazole... more
In vitro evaluation of different fungicides indicated that tebuconazole proved most effective as it completely inhibited the colony growth of P.grisea at 10 μg/ml whereas azoxystrobin + difenconazole, propiconazole and difenconazole completely inhibited the colony growth of the pathogen at 25 μg/ml. rest of fungicides viz. zineb, tricyclazole, kasugamycin and azoxystrobin proved least effective even at a concentration of 200 μg/. under pot culture conditions, tebuconazole @ 0.1 per cent was found to be highly effective in reducing leaf blast severity followed by propiconazole @ 0.1 per cent. Under field conditions, the efficacy of propiconazole, tricyclazole, tebuconazole and azoxystrobin + difenconazole was at par and proved to be effective fungicides in reducing the leaf and neck blast severity and increasing the yield.
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NiCrFeSiBC/Cr3C2 composite coatings were developed on to GrA1 boiler steel by high velocity oxy fuel spray process. The aim was to develop the novel composite coating by finding optimum concentration of Cr3C2 in NiCrFeSiBC matrix, which... more
NiCrFeSiBC/Cr3C2 composite coatings were developed on to GrA1 boiler steel by high velocity oxy fuel spray process. The aim was to develop the novel composite coating by finding optimum concentration of Cr3C2 in NiCrFeSiBC matrix, which further possesses the superior solid particle erosion resistance. The mechanical and microstructural properties of the developed coatings were critically examined. The as sprayed coatings were characterised by X-ray diffraction, SEM/energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses. The coatings exhibited characteristic splat-like morphology with the presence of micropores, unmelted and semimelted particles and inclusions. The adhesion strength of the developed coatings was also determined. The physical properties like surface roughness, porosity and microhardness of the as sprayed coatings have also been reported. The blending resulted into the formation of composite-like coatings where, the Cr3C2 phase was nearly uniformly distributed into the NiCrFeSiBC matrix. The results have been discussed with respect to the existing literature.
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Sand transport and deposition is investigated in a two-pass internal cooling ribbed geometry at near engine conditions. Large-eddy simulation (LES) calculations are performed for bulk Reynolds number of 25,000 to calculate flow field and... more
Sand transport and deposition is investigated in a two-pass internal cooling ribbed geometry at near engine conditions. Large-eddy simulation (LES) calculations are performed for bulk Reynolds number of 25,000 to calculate flow field and heat transfer. Constant wall temperature boundary condition is used to investigate the effect of temperature on particle deposition. Three different wall temperatures of 950 °C, 1000 °C, and 1050 °C are considered. Particle sizes in range 5–25 μm are considered. A new deposition model which accounts for particle composition, temperature, impact velocity and angle and material properties of particle and surface is developed and applied. Calculated impingement and deposition patterns are discussed for different exposed surfaces in the two pass geometry. Other than the leading rib faces, the highest particle impingement and deposition is observed in the bend region and first quarter of the second pass. Significant deposition is observed in the two pass geometry for all three wall temperatures considered. Particle impingement and hence deposition is dominated by larger particles except in the downstream half of the bend region. In total, approximately 38%, 59%, and 67% of the injected particles deposit in the two passes, for the three wall temperatures of 950 °C, 1000 °C, and 1050 °C, respectively. While particle impingement is highest for wall temperature of 950 °C, higher deposition is observed for 1000 °C and 1050 °C cases. Deposition increases significantly with wall temperature. For 1000 °C, roughly 12% of the impacting particles deposit. For 1050 °C, approximately 23% of the particles deposit on impact. For all the three cases, the second pass experiences higher deposition compared to the first pass due to higher turbulence and direct impingement.
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Accurate prediction of ribbed duct flow and heat transfer is of importance to the gas turbine industry. Detailed heat transfer in a two pass stationary square duct with rib turbulators is studied using wall modeled Large Eddy Simulations... more
Accurate prediction of ribbed duct flow and heat transfer is of importance to the gas turbine industry. Detailed heat transfer in a two pass stationary square duct with rib turbulators is studied using wall modeled Large Eddy Simulations (WMLES). Each pass has ribs on two opposite walls and aligned normal to the main flow direction. The rib pitch to rib height (P/e) is 9.28, the rib height to channel hydraulic diameter (e/Dh) is 0.0625 and calculations have been carried out for a bulk Reynolds number of 25,000. The present study validates the use of WMLES for predicting flow and heat transfer with published data on similar geometries. The calculations predict the major flow features with reasonable accuracy especially distribution of mean and turbulent quantities in the developing, fully developed and 180° bend region. It is found that the mean flow and turbulent quantities do not become fully developed until the flow passes the fifth rib of the duct. Results show that the heat transfer augmentation is higher in the second pass after the 180° turn compared to the first pass. Local heat transfer comparisons show that the heat transfer augmentation shifts towards the outside smooth wall in the second pass after the 180° turn. In addition to primary flow effects, secondary flow impingement on the smooth walls is found to develop by the fifth rib, while it continues to evolve downstream of the sixth rib. Results show the local and average distribution of Nusselt numbers normalized with classical Dittus and Boelter correlation.© 2012 ASME
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The paper presents a denoising method, based on Daubechies Wavelet transform and filters, for underwater images. The method here adapts itself to various types of image noise as well as factor that are to be derived to estimate the... more
The paper presents a denoising method, based on Daubechies Wavelet transform and filters, for underwater images. The method here adapts itself to various types of image noise as well as factor that are to be derived to estimate the noise-free coefficients. In the preference of the images in any field, a single parameter can be used to balance the preservation of relevant details against the degree of noise reduction. Edges play a important role in image representation, one effective means to enhance spatial resolution is to enhance the edges. DWT, a time-scale representation of the digital signal is obtained using digital filtering techniques. Effectiveness of this method is compared with all other techniques such as median ,wiener, bayes shrink and normal shrink methods for removing noise.This paper presents a review of some significant work in the area of denoising. We will introduce the wavelet and other filters methods with homomorphics filters multi-scale analysis framework and summarize related research work in this area.
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The character recognition system is a vital area in the field of pattern recognition. One interesting, complex, and challenging task is handwritten character recognition because of various writing styles of individuals. The accuracy of... more
The character recognition system is a vital area in the field of pattern recognition. One interesting, complex, and challenging task is handwritten character recognition because of various writing styles of individuals. The accuracy of such systems highly depends upon the extraction and selection of features. Many researchers proposed a variety of feature extraction and classification methods for various scripts including Devanagari. In view of that, this article presents a broad study of feature extraction and classification methods considered so far for online and offline Handwritten Character Recognition (HCR) for Devanagari script, which is essential in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) research. This article presents techniques used by authors, the dataset used, the accuracy achieved by the methods of the work already available for the OCR research. This article is depicting the latest studies, research gaps, challenges and future perspectives for the researchers working in the Devanagari text recognition domain. Moreover, methods developed for feature extraction and classification in the area of Devanagari character recognition are presented in a systematic way as an assistance for future researchers. It has been gathered that traditional feature extraction and classifications methods are being replaced with deep learning methods to achieve higher recognition accuracy in this area.
Research Interests: Information Systems, Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, Human Computer Interaction, Information Technology, and 9 moreComputer Vision, Image Processing, Computer Engineering, Machine Learning, Computer Software, Feature Extraction, Optical Character Recognition, Devanagari, and Computer Science and Engineering
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This book contains the abstracts of the papers presented at the National Conference on Biological, Biochemical, Biomedical, Bioenergy, and Environmental Biotechnology (NCB4EBT-2021) Organized by the Department of Biotechnology, National... more
This book contains the abstracts of the papers presented at the National Conference on Biological, Biochemical, Biomedical, Bioenergy, and Environmental Biotechnology (NCB4EBT-2021) Organized by the Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, India held on 29–30 January 2021. This conference is the first of its kind organized by NIT-W which covered an array of interesting topics in biotechnology. This makes it a bit special as it brings together researchers from different disciplines of biotechnology, which in turn will also open new research and cooperation fields for them.
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The study was conducted with the objective to evaluate the socio-economics of ginger growers in Sirmour district of Himachal Pradesh, India. The data collected from 50 ginger growers of two blocks of the district by personal interview... more
The study was conducted with the objective to evaluate the socio-economics of ginger growers in Sirmour district of Himachal Pradesh, India. The data collected from 50 ginger growers of two blocks of the district by personal interview using multi-stage purpose sampling technique. In ginger farms average male members as well as their percentage were found to be more than their female counterparts. Majority of the farmers were literate. Farming followed by daily paid labourers, service and business was the main occupation of adult family members. Owned land holding for ginger farms were 1.76 hectares. Cropping intensity during the study period was 190.34% on ginger farms. Returns over variable cost for ginger crop was worked out as Rs. 113324/ha. BCR (over total variable cost) as well as BCR (over total cost) was worked out as 2.617 and 1.167 respectively for ginger crop. All income measures per hectare were found to be positive for ginger crop. 86% and 74% of selected ginger farmers’...
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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and especially in India. MDR TB has emerged as a major challenge in TB control in India. The prevalence of MDR TB is on the rise in India. We did... more
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and especially in India. MDR TB has emerged as a major challenge in TB control in India. The prevalence of MDR TB is on the rise in India. We did this study to see the prevalence of MDR TB in 3 districts of Himachal Pradesh and to study the factors affecting treatment outcomes.Methods: The period of the study was from January 2019 to December 2019. We collected data of MDR TB patients from district TB offices of Solan, Bilaspur and Hamirpur. Information from patients was collected through questionnaires while interviews were conducted with district project officer and other health officials and documents, brochures, etc. were collected from Solan, Hamirpur and Bilaspur.Results: Overall prevalence rate of MDR TB in our study was 3.14%. Among new TB cases, the prevalence rate of MDR TB was 2.42% (81/3345), and among old treated cases was 9% (37/411). 31% MDR TB patients were old treated while 69% ...
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In the present research work, hot corrosion behaviour of Cr2O3–wt%TiO2-reinforced coatings on ASME-SA213-T-22 boiler steel has been evaluated in the simulated boiler environment at a temperature of 800 ℃ under 50 cyclic thermal loading... more
In the present research work, hot corrosion behaviour of Cr2O3–wt%TiO2-reinforced coatings on ASME-SA213-T-22 boiler steel has been evaluated in the simulated boiler environment at a temperature of 800 ℃ under 50 cyclic thermal loading conditions. The TiO2 composition in Cr2O3 matrix was 10 and 20 wt%, and the coatings were developed by using high-velocity oxy-fuel thermal spray technique. Experiments were conducted under the molten salt environment of 40wt%Na2SO4–60wt%V2O5. The study was comparative due to variation in the composition of TiO2 content (10 and 20 wt%). The hot corrosion behaviour was studied by analysing weight change measurements, and corrosion products were analysed by SEM–EDS and XRD techniques. The Cr2O3–10wt%TiO2 and Cr2O3 20wt%TiO2 coatings were able to reduce the corrosion rate by 84.14% and 86.20%, respectively, in comparison to uncoated steel. The presence of TiO2 significantly decreased the corrosion rates. XRD peaks for Cr2O3–10wt%TiO2 and Cr2O3–20wt%TiO2 coatings showed TiO2 and Ti2O3 as major phases which are protective oxide layers. Increase in hot corrosion resistance was observed with increase in TiO2 content in Cr2O3 matrix.
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High-energy mechanical alloying method was used to prepare Al-12Si-xZrC (x = 0, 5, 10, 15 wt. %) nanocomposites. Cylindrical preforms were prepared with an initial preform density of 89% by using a suitable die and punch assembly. The... more
High-energy mechanical alloying method was used to prepare Al-12Si-xZrC (x = 0, 5, 10, 15 wt. %) nanocomposites. Cylindrical preforms were prepared with an initial preform density of 89% by using a suitable die and punch assembly. The preforms were sintered in a muffle furnace with an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 550°C, followed by cooling until room temperature has been attained. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the composites. Pin-on-disc wear testing machine was used to determine the tribological properties of the prepared composites. The results show that the wear loss reduced with increasing the reinforcement content and coefficient of friction increases gradually.