Anton Gazetov

The experience of creation and development of coworking centers in the city of Moscow shows premises should be chosen with the lowest lease rate, but one should include an advertising budget and running of public events for the target audience. Given the social component of the project, it is necessary to form the "core" of residents of coworking. The "evangelists" of a new place are useful, these ones are formed in the already operating coworking center in another district of the city. It is advisable for the authorities to provide various support to coworking centers, including orders for profile activities and trainings, subsidizing of part of the costs of start-up entrepreneurs for the lease of workplaces, ensuring the exchange of best practices for successful projects. The article presents a scheme for initiating the creation of coworking centers by government bodies engaged in supporting small business development at the municipal level. The development of coworking centers is a unique direction that is advantageous for both state and municipal government bodies, as well as for owners of old industrial enterprises that require redevelopment, as well as for start-up entrepreneurs to create their own business from a "zero" level.

Statement of the problem The procurement information system in the Russian Federation received 100 out of 100 possible points based on the results of a survey of public procurement systems in 77 countries conducted by the World Bank in 2016. The growth of state contracts is 3.22 million units worth $ 86.36 billion in 2015 year, which is approximately equal to the GDP of such countries as Slovenia, Ukraine and exceeds the GDP of Belarus by 1.6 times. The size of the Russian economy and the volume of Russian government procurement system is an objective factor complicating the combating corruption and ensuring fair competition. The goals and objectives of the study The positive factors seem to be obvious in recent years: the decrease in prices on the results of competition procedures grew to 8.2% at 2016 (7% at 2015), saving of government budget funds increased by 30%. The increase in the number of administrative offenses for violations in the contract system from 9.02 thousand cases ...

Statement of the problem
The procurement information system in the Russian Federation received 100 out of 100 possible points based on the results
of a survey of public procurement systems in 77 countries conducted by the World Bank in 2016. The growth of state
contracts is 3.22 million units worth $ 86.36 billion in 2015 year, which is approximately equal to the GDP of such countries
as Slovenia, Ukraine and exceeds the GDP of Belarus by 1.6 times. The size of the Russian economy and the volume of
Russian government procurement system is an objective factor complicating the combating corruption and ensuring fair
competition.
The goals and objectives of the study
The positive factors seem to be obvious in recent years: the decrease in prices on the results of competition procedures
grew to 8.2% at 2016 (7% at 2015), saving of government budget funds increased by 30%. The increase in the number of
administrative offenses for violations in the contract system from 9.02 thousand cases in 2014 to 22.0 and 18.7 thousand
cases in 2015 and 2016 respectively. Such growth is an indicator of increasing the effectiveness of preventing corruption.
The main violations are reduced to the artificial restriction of competition, allowing overstating the value of goods, works and
services, thereby forming the economic conditions of corruption manifestations. Also, when executing government contracts,
it is noted that funds are withdrawn beyond the possible audit of the use of allocated funds for the performance of state
contracts.
Results summary conclusions
By our opinion, it is necessary to typify state contracts with mandatory inclusion of budget documentation (estimated costs)
as an integral part of the state contract. The analysis also shows that changes in the tax legislation make changes in the
effectiveness of corruption counteracting.
These innovations should provide for the calculation and payment of profit tax and value added tax (VAT) on state
contracts separately from receipts for other reasons (for example, cash flows of sales of goods, works and services received
from non-state organizations and private individuals) to the prime contractor and its subcontractors performing at least 70%
of the scope of work (services).
The adoption of these measures will improve the information base of financial and tax control in order to raise
money laundering risks and forming conditions for corruption in Russian government procurement system.

The experience of creation and development of coworking centers in the city of Moscow shows premises should be chosen
with the lowest lease rate, but one should include an advertising budget and running of public events for the target audience.
Given the social component of the project, it is necessary to form the "core" of residents of coworking. The "evangelists" of a
new place are useful, these ones are formed in the already operating coworking center in another district of the city. It is
advisable for the authorities to provide various support to coworking centers, including orders for profile activities and trainings,
subsidizing of part of the costs of start-up entrepreneurs for the lease of workplaces, ensuring the exchange of best practices
for successful projects. The article presents a scheme for initiating the creation of coworking centers by government bodies
engaged in supporting small business development at the municipal level. The development of coworking centers is a unique
direction that is advantageous for both state and municipal government bodies, as well as for owners of old industrial
enterprises that require redevelopment, as well as for start-up entrepreneurs to create their own business from a "zero" level.

Abstract: This article represents an overview of assimilation of people from Western Europe, who greatly influenced modernisation and scientific and cultural development of Russia. The article is associated with research combining migration policy and policy of territorial and innovative development of Russia on the basis of reflection on the historical experience. Thus, according to the 1897 census of the population of Russia, the German language was indicated as native by 1.8 million people (i.e. they were Germans), while the population of Moscow and Saint Petersburg was 1.03 and 1.26 mn respectively, and of modern territory of Russia – 86 mn. (For comparison: in 2010 the number of ethnic Germans amounted to only 0.39 mn of people, with population of Moscow and Saint Petersburg of 11.5 and 4.8 mn respectively, of Russia – 142.85 mn). We suggest that the 1897 census significantly marked down the number of people not identifying themselves as Russian, as the second generation of migrants to the Russian Empire named Russian as their native language. Though, according to modern view, they could be regarded as German or French people. It should be noted that the people of European descent were quite active in high-technology business of those times: more than 75% of industrial advertisement bespeaks its German or French origin. At present, on the contrary, during 2011-2013 only 23.7 thousand of people (6.8% of total) came for permanent residence from more developed countries than Russia.
To balance an influx of immigrants we suggest using experience of the Russian Empire, where the settlements for foreigners from technologically developed countries – the Sloboda – were organised. Upon that, a nucleated settlement Sloboda may have a special legal status providing execution of foreign law – Swiss or Luxembourg, for example – in the territory of Sloboda with limitation of Russian law. Thereby, on the one hand, the Slobodas can be territories with a more habitual for foreign residents economic and administrative system, and on the other hand, they may complete Special Economic Zones (industrial, technologic, tourist, logistical) of the Ural, the Siberia and the Far East with European centres of business and innovative activity.