- Russian Federation
Fedor Bessarab
Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Physics, Department Member
- Fedor Bessarabedit
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The paper presents the results of the complex experiment (lidar and ozonometric observations), carried out during the period of the 2013 major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the North Asia region. The data of this experiment were... more
The paper presents the results of the complex experiment (lidar and ozonometric observations), carried out during the period of the 2013 major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the North Asia region. The data of this experiment were supplemented by the ionospheric parameters observations. We considered variations in the critical frequency and peak height of the ionospheric F2-layer (foF2) from ionosonde measurements in Tomsk and Irkutsk, as well as the behavior of the total electron content (TEC) based on the phase dual-frequency GPS/GLONASS receivers' data. We revealed significant variations in the stratosphere ozone concentration, ionospheric electron density, as well as in the thermosphere O/N2 ratio with the similar pattern during the SSW. The ionospheric response to SSW in the middle and high-latitude regions is suggested to be caused by changes in the neutral composition at the thermosphere altitudes.
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We consider different approaches to calculating the ion composition in the lower ionosphere and use two methods for modeling the concentration of molecular ions. The first method allows us to solve an equation with an effective... more
We consider different approaches to calculating the ion composition in the lower ionosphere and use two methods for modeling the concentration of molecular ions. The first method allows us to solve an equation with an effective recombination coefficient for the total concentration of molecular ions, and the second method calculates their concentrations separately. Numerical experiments were performed using a global self-consistent model of the thermosphere, ionosphere, and protonosphere (GSM TIP) for the conditions of March 16–20, 2015. We show that the second method, which provides a more accurate approximation, leads to significant consequences. Due to a strong change in the calculated concentration of ions in the E-region, the conductivity varies thus affecting the qualitative and quantitative behavior of the electric dynamo field at low and equatorial latitudes. Even without mesospheric tides and the electric dynamo field in the F-region, the calculation of partial concentration...
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Abstract Since 1964, the Kaliningrad branch of Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN) has been conducting regular observations of the parameters of the... more
Abstract Since 1964, the Kaliningrad branch of Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN) has been conducting regular observations of the parameters of the lower atmosphere, ionosphere, and variations in the Earth’s magnetic field. The base of the measuring equipment, located in Ulyanovka village, Kaliningrad region (54° N, 20° E) consists of ionosonde for the vertical sounding of the ionosphere; two-frequency GPS/GLONASS receivers, which are used to determine the total electron content in the ionosphere; magnetic variation stations for the continuous recording of variations of the three components of the Earth’s magnetic field vector and calculating the local K -index; and a weather station. The simultaneous observations of variations in the magnetic field, as well as the ionospheric and meteorological parameters in the same observatory, offer a wide range of opportunities to study the atmospheric-ionospheric relations. This article provides a brief description of all the tools, provides a method for transmitting and storing the time series of measured parameters, and also presents examples of using these data for various geophysical studies.
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We present the results of complex obser-vations of various parameters of the middle and upper atmosphere over Siberia in December 2012 – January 2013, during a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. We analyze variations in ozone... more
We present the results of complex obser-vations of various parameters of the middle and upper atmosphere over Siberia in December 2012 – January 2013, during a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. We analyze variations in ozone concentration from microwave measurements, in stratosphere and lower mesosphere temperatures from lidar and satellite measurements, in the F2-layer critical frequency (foF2), in the total electron content (TEC), as well as in the ratio of concentrations of atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen (O/N2) in the thermosphere. To interpret the observed disturbances in the upper atmosphere, the experimental measurements are compared with the results of model calculations obtained with the Global Self-consistent Model of Thermosphere—Ionosphere—Protonosphere (GSM TIP). The response of the upper atmosphere to the SSW event is shown to be a decrease in foF2 and TEC during the evolution of the warming event and a prolonged increase in O/N2, foF2, and TEC after ...
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Research Interests: Physics and Ionosphere
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We have considered the influence of the January 23–27, 2009 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event on HF radio wave propagation in the equatorial ionosphere. This event took place during extremely low solar and geomagnetic activity. We... more
We have considered the influence of the January 23–27, 2009 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event on HF radio wave propagation in the equatorial ionosphere. This event took place during extremely low solar and geomagnetic activity. We use the simulation results obtained with the Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP) for simulating environmental changes during the SSW event. We both qualitatively and quantitatively reproduced total electron content disturbances obtained from global ground network receiver observations of GPS navigation satellite signals, by setting an additional electric potential and TIME-GCM model output at a height of 80 km. In order to study the influence of this SSW event on HF radio wave propagation and attenuation, we used the numerical model of radio wave propagation based on geometrical optics approximation. It is shown that the sudden stratospheric warming leads to radio signal attenuation and deteriorat...
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Sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is a unique atmospheric phenomenon, which consists in a rapid rise of temperature at altitudes of ~30–40 km in high latitudes of the winter, typically, northern hemisphere. Modeling SSW effects in the... more
Sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is a unique atmospheric phenomenon, which consists in a rapid rise of temperature at altitudes of ~30–40 km in high latitudes of the winter, typically, northern hemisphere. Modeling SSW effects in the mesosphere, thermosphere, and ionosphere is a challenging problem, because it must be done on a global scale, with consideration of numerous physical and chemical processes. This paper reports the results of calculations of the characteristics of total electron content (TEC) perturbations for the conditions of the SSW event in January 2009. The calculations are performed using the Global Self-Consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP) supplemented by the lower boundary conditions in the form of space–time distributions of the basic parameters of the mesosphere at an altitude of 80 km, as calculated by the SOCOL, KASIMA, and TIME GCM models. The simulation results show that, for some versions, the spatial distribution of total electron content disturbances ΔTEC shows a qualitative agreement with experimental data; however, the values of ΔTEC in all variants of calculations proved to be an order of magnitude lower than the measured.
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The results of studies of longitudinal and LT variations in parameters of the ionosphere–plasmasphere system, obtained using the Global Self-Consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP), assimilation... more
The results of studies of longitudinal and LT variations in parameters of the ionosphere–plasmasphere system, obtained using the Global Self-Consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP), assimilation ionospheric model IRI Real-Time Assimilation Mapping (IRTAM), and satellite and ground-based observational data are presented in the paper. The study of the main morphological features of longitudinal and LT variations in the critical frequency of the ionospheric F2 layer (foF2) and total electron content (TEC) depending on latitude in the winter solstice during a solar-activity minimum (December 22, 2009) is carried out. It is shown that the variations in foF2 and TEC, on the whole, are identical, and so mutually substitutable, while creating empirical models of these parameters in quiet geomagnetic conditions. The longitudinal and LT variations in both foF2 and TEC are within an order of magnitude everywhere except for the equator anomaly region, where LT variation is larger by an order of magnitude than longitudinal variation. According to the results of the study, in the American longitudinal sector at all latitudes of the Southern (summer) Hemisphere, maxima of foF2 and TEC are formed. The near-equatorial and high-latitudinal maxima are separated out from these. The estimate of the contribution into the longitudinal variation in foF2 and TEC for various local time sectors and at various latitudes has been obtained for the first time. In the Southern (summer) Hemisphere, longitudinal variation in foF2 and TEC is formed in the nighttime.
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Research Interests: Geology and Ionosphere
Analytical expressions for approximating the measured statistical characteristics of the F2 layer parameters are proposed. Various random physical factors that additively or multiplicatively affect electron density have been considered.... more
Analytical expressions for approximating the measured statistical characteristics of the F2 layer parameters are proposed. Various random physical factors that additively or multiplicatively affect electron density have been considered. Limiting laws of electron density distribution have been proposed for each of these influence factors. The distribution density for the foF2 critical frequency was obtained from these laws.
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A numerical hydrodynamic model is presented of the thermosphere, ionosphere, and protonosphere of the Earth, which describes the global distribution of the concentrations, velocities, and temperatures of neutral and charged particles as... more
A numerical hydrodynamic model is presented of the thermosphere, ionosphere, and protonosphere of the Earth, which describes the global distribution of the concentrations, velocities, and temperatures of neutral and charged particles as well as the electric fields of magnetospheric and thermospheric origin at altitudes from 80 km to 15 Earth radii with account taken of the noncoincidence of the geographic and geomagnetic axes of the Earth. The results of calculations for quiet equinoctial conditions at a minimum of the solar activity that are presented illustrate the appreciable influence even of comparatively weak electric fields on the global structure of thermospheric circulation and the distribution of electron concentration in the F2 region and in the protonosphere.
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Results of the simulation of ionospheric parameters over American stations (Millstone Hill, Arecibo, Port Stanley, and the Argentine Islands) and the European EISCAT station are presented. The calculations have been performed with the... more
Results of the simulation of ionospheric parameters over American stations (Millstone Hill, Arecibo, Port Stanley, and the Argentine Islands) and the European EISCAT station are presented. The calculations have been performed with the help of the global self-consistent model of the thermosphere, ionosphere, and protonosphere (GSM TIP) for January 21, 1993. The day considered, entering into the LTCS-9 campaign period, was characterized by quiet geomagnetic conditions and moderate solar activity. It is shown that the calculated and observed values of foF2 and T-e agree satisfactorily if we take into account soft electron precipitation in the diffuse zone, located equatorward of the main auroral precipitation zone, and in the South American geomagnetic anomaly zone.
Research Interests: Geology and Ionosphere
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The prolonged continuous minimum of solar and geomagnetic activity of 2007-2009 allows more carefully examine the relationship between processes in the middle and upper atmosphere during SSW events. This is due to exclude solar and... more
The prolonged continuous minimum of solar and geomagnetic activity of 2007-2009 allows more carefully examine the relationship between processes in the middle and upper atmosphere during SSW events. This is due to exclude solar and magnetospheric source of ionospheric variability. This report presents our study of thermospheric and ionospheric response to the recent minor and major SSW events. Our research was conducted with use of the Global Self-consistent Model of Thermosphere, Ionosphere, and Protonosphere (GSM TIP). The SSW events were modeled by specifying the temperature and density perturbations at the lower boundary of the GSM TIP (80 km altitude) by 2 different ways: (1) according to the morphological features and particular observations of mesospheric disturbances during SSW events; (2) using output of the middle atmosphere's models. We have done comparative analysis of the model-derived results with the global maps of GPS TEC and ionosonde data from Irkutsk, Kalining...
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Research Interests: Cosmic Rays and Cosmic
A series of the computations using the Global Self-consistent Model of the Ther- mosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere of the Earth (GSM TIP) has been under- taken to investigate the global variations of the thermosphere-ionosphere... more
A series of the computations using the Global Self-consistent Model of the Ther- mosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere of the Earth (GSM TIP) has been under- taken to investigate the global variations of the thermosphere-ionosphere parameters for the various forms of the bottom (80km) and upper (520km) boundary conditions in the thermospheric program code. The numerical calculations were performed for the 21-22 January, 1993, a geomagnetically quiet period and medium solar activity. The cross-polar cap potential drop ( one of the input parameters of the GSM TIP) was adopted about 60 kV. Some model runs were executed. The first run corresponds basic version when upper heat flux is zero and neutral densities and temperature are constant at the bottom boundary. The second run assumes a constant heat flux at the upper boundary for the thermosphere thermal balance equation. The third run assumes latitude variations of the thermosphere parameters at the bottom boundary of the ther- mosph...
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ABSTRACT This paper presents an investigation of thermospheric and ionospheric response to the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event, which took place in January 2009. This period was characterized by low solar and geomagnetic... more
ABSTRACT This paper presents an investigation of thermospheric and ionospheric response to the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event, which took place in January 2009. This period was characterized by low solar and geomagnetic activity. Analysis was carried out within the Global Self-consistent Model of Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP). The experimental data of the atmospheric temperatures obtained by Aura satellite above Irkutsk and ionosonde data over Yakutsk and Irkutsk were utilized as well. SSW event was modeled by specifying the temperature and density perturbations at the lower boundary of the GSM TIP model (80 km altitude). It was shown that by setting disturbances in the form of a stationary planetary perturbation s=1 at the lower boundary of the thermosphere, one could reproduce the negative electron density disturbances in the F region of ionosphere during SSW events. Our scenario for the 2009 SSW event in the GSM TIP allowed to obtain results which are in a qualitative agreement with the observation data.
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... Roble, RG, Emery, BA Ridley, EC Ionospheric and thermospheric response over Milstone Hill to the May 30, 1984, annular solar eclipse. ... Salah, JE, Oliver, WL, Foster, JJ, Holt, JM, Emery, BA Roble, RG Observation of the May 30,... more
... Roble, RG, Emery, BA Ridley, EC Ionospheric and thermospheric response over Milstone Hill to the May 30, 1984, annular solar eclipse. ... Salah, JE, Oliver, WL, Foster, JJ, Holt, JM, Emery, BA Roble, RG Observation of the May 30, 1984, annular Solar eclipse and Millstone Hill. ...
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... SUBSTORM Yu. N. Korenkov, FS Bessarab, VV Klimenko, VA Surotkin and VM Smertin Kaliningrad Observatory of the IZMIRAN, Pobedy av. 41 ... 19.00 UT. Initial condition were appropriate to steady state in a diurnal sense. This ...
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In this paper we present the results of numerical calculations of the response thermospheric and ionospheric parameters on the variability of solar EUV and UV radiation during January 2005. Calculations were performed using the global... more
In this paper we present the results of numerical calculations of the response thermospheric and ionospheric parameters on the variability of solar EUV and UV radiation during January 2005. Calculations were performed using the global self-consistent model of the thermosphere, ionosphere and protonosphere model (GSM TIP). GSM TIP was developed in the Western Department of IZMIRAN. For given input data the model calculates the time-dependent global three-dimensional structure of the temperature, composition and wind velocity of the neutral gas and the densities, temperatures, and velocities of atomic and molecular ions and two-dimensional distribution of the electric field potential both of dynamo and magnetospheric origin. Model inputs are: the solar UV and EUV spectra, the precipitating electron fluxes, and the distribution of the field-aligned currents in the first and second high-latitude region. To study the response of the thermosphere and ionosphere were carried out two model ...
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В работе представлено исследование отклика термосферы и ионосферы на внезапные стратосферные потепления (SSW), которые произошли в январе 2008 и 2009 гг. Теоретической основой данного исследования стала Глобальная Самосогласованная Модель... more
В работе представлено исследование отклика термосферы и ионосферы на внезапные стратосферные потепления (SSW), которые произошли в январе 2008 и 2009 гг. Теоретической основой данного исследования стала Глобальная Самосогласованная Модель Термосферы, Ионосферы и Протоносферы (ГСМ ТИП), разработанная в Западном отделении ИЗМИРАН. Проведено сравнение результатов расчетов термосферно-ионосферного отклика на SSW события с данными наблюдений над Иркутском, а также с теоретическими и экспериментальными исследованиями, выполненными за последние годы. Событие SSW моделировалось заданием возмущений нейтральных температуры и плотности на нижней границе модели ГСМ ТИП (80 км над поверхностью Земли). Показано, что возмущения, связанные с SSW, приводят к значительным глобальным эффектам в термосфере и ионосфере. Анализ данных наблюдений показал, что, несмотря на очень близкие гелио-геофизические условия, на фоне которых происходили два рассмотренных события стратосферного потепления, возмущения ...
The case of a strong sudden stratospheric warming (SSW), which took place on January 23-27, 2009 has been selected for study. This period was characterized by low solar (F 10.7 ~ 70) and geomagnetic (K p < 3) activity. Peak warming... more
The case of a strong sudden stratospheric warming (SSW), which took place on January 23-27, 2009 has been selected for study. This period was characterized by low solar (F 10.7 ~ 70) and geomagnetic (K p < 3) activity. Peak warming accounted for on January 23-24. We present our investigation results of thermosphere-ionosphere response to the SSW obtained using Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP). The SSW effects were simulated with different low boundary conditions at the height of 80 km in the GSM TIP model: (1) by setting the stationary perturbations s = 1 of the temperature and density at high latitudes; (2) by setting the global distribution of the neutral atmosphere parameters, calculated in the different atmosphere models. It is shown that the selected low boundary conditions don't allow fully reproduce the observed variation in the ionospheric parameters during SSW 2009 event. Further, using the observational data of the vertical plasma drift velocity obtained by Jicamarca ISR, we set in the GSM TIP model the additional electric potential that allowed to reproduce the zonal electric field (EB vertical plasma drift) and observed SSW effects in the low-latitude ionosphere. The change in zonal electric field is key mechanism driving the ionospheric response at low latitudes, but our model results don't completely reproduce the variability in zonal electric fields at low latitudes.