Electron Temperature

An atmospheric pressure plasma jet generated in Ar/water vapor mixtures has been investigated and the effect of water content on plasma properties has been studied. Plasma generated in Ar/water (0.05%) mixture shows higher intensity of OH radicals in emission spectra than pure argon alone. Plasma density has been estimated from current measurement and is in order of 1.5×1013 cm-3. Electron temperature has been estimated as 0.97 eV in pure Ar and it decreases with an increase in water content in plasma. The gas temperature has been determined by fitting of the experimental spectra and using the Boltzmann plot method. The gas temperature increases with the addition of water to feed gas from 620 K in pure Ar up to 1130 K for 0.76% H2O.

Part I of this paper dealt with the hot carrier reliability evaluation of Gate Electrode Workfunction Engineered Recessed Channel (GEWE-RC) MOSFET involving channel recession and gate electrode workfunction engineering integration onto the conventional MOSFET, using an ATLAS device simulator. It was demonstrated that with the gate stack architecture incorporated onto the GEWE-RC MOSFET and tuning of various structural design parameters such as gate length (LGLG), negative junction depth (NJD), substrate doping (NANA), gate metal workfunction, substrate bias (VSUBVSUB), drain bias (VDSVDS) and gate oxide permittivity (εox2εox2), excellent hot carrier immunity can be achieved in terms of conduction band offset, reduced electron velocity, electron temperature, hot electron injected gate current and impact ionization substrate current. This paper focuses on the analog and large signal performance metrics in terms of linearity, intermodulation distortion, device efficiency and speed-to-power dissipation design parameters. Moreover, the paper also discusses the effect of gate stack architecture and various design parameters such as LGLG, NJD, NANA, gate metal workfunction and εox2εox2 for different substrate (VSUBVSUB) and drain to source (VDSVDS) voltages. The work, thus, proves the effectiveness of GEWE-RC for RFICs with a higher efficiency, better linearity performance; and designing and modeling of power amplifiers.

We report for the first time thermal non-equilibrium (separate electron and gas temperatures) numerical results for a hydrazine arcjet. All viscous flow properties are considered, assuming laminar axisymmetric flow. The model includes anode temperature distribution, and the electrical conductivity is coupled to the flow properties, allowing for a self-consistent current distribution. The numerical solution algorithm employs the compressible form of

The feasibility of inferring the plasma parameters of a Penning discharge in helium, from the experimentally observed intensities of a number of spectral lines in the visible wavelength region, is explored. The collisional-radiative model of ADAS (atomic data analysis structure) code and database has been used for this analysis. The electron density, electron temperature, ground-state atom and ion densities and also the 2 3S metastable state density are the parameters thus estimated. The results are encouraging. The derived plasma parameters are then used to obtain the intensities of a few lines in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region. This has been compared with the observed VUV spectral lines, recorded simultaneously with the visible lines, using a VUV spectrometer for which intensity calibration was not available, to arrive at calibration factors. It is expected that this approach might provide an alternative to the 'branching ratio' method for calibration in the VUV region once the analysis is improved and the possible re-absorption of certain lines is accounted for.

Atmospheric pressure air plasmas are often thought to be in local thermodynamic equilibrium owing to fast interspecies collisional exchange at high pressure. This assumption cannot be relied upon, particularly with respect to optical diagnostics. Velocity gradients in flowing plasmas and/or elevated electron temperatures created by electrical discharges can result in large departures from chemical and thermal equilibrium. This paper reviews

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is commonly used to find the elemental composition of the soils. Significant advances have been made to the detection of the heavy and toxic elements present in the food affecting humans and animal health. In the present work, the LIBS technique has been utilized. The soil samples taken from the right bank of river Indus of Sindh province of Pakistan were studied. From the spectroscopic analysis of the transition lines, various toxic, as well as nutritious elements, were detected in the soil. The emission spectra of soil comprised Iron (𝐹𝑒), Calcium (𝐶𝑎), Titanium (𝑇𝑖), Silicon (𝑆𝑖), Aluminum (𝐴𝑙), Magnesium (𝑀𝑔), Manganese (𝑀𝑛), Potassium (𝐾), Nickel (𝑁𝑖), Chromium (𝐶𝑟), Copper (𝐶𝑢), Mercury (𝐻𝑔), Barium (𝐵𝑎), Vanadium (𝑉), Lead (𝑃𝑏), Nitrogen (𝑁), Scandium (𝑆𝑐), Hydrogen (𝐻), Strontium (𝑆𝑟), and Lithium (𝐿𝑖) with different finger-prints of the transition lines. The plasma parameters are also determined.