Mariusz R. Rychter
University of Lodz, Poland, Instytut Archeologii, Department Member
- Architecture, Archaeology, Wooden Architecture, Conservation and Restoration, Art History, Modern Art, and 13 moreWeapons, History, Cultural Studies, Medieval History, Medieval Archaeology, New Age History, Arts and Sciences, Sculpture, Iconography, Engineering, Music, Education, and Chemical Engineeringedit
- Mariusz R. Rychter is a graduate from Conservation of Architectural Monuments High School, technical building school ... moreMariusz R. Rychter is a graduate from Conservation of Architectural Monuments High School, technical building school and University of Lodz, major in Polish and general archaeology. He is an author of more than 20 publications an co-author of a book. Mariusz R. Rychter is interested in residential wooden constructions and conservation of monuments. Both fields of interest can be found in his publications. He is a headmaster of Monument Conservation Laboratory in Department of Archaeology, University of Lodz.edit
The paper presents investigations of two partially damaged military dog tags. One of them is in relatively good condition while the second one is strongly damaged. Investigations focused on the better preserved military dog tag. Some of... more
The paper presents investigations of two partially damaged military dog tags. One of them is in relatively good condition while the second one is strongly damaged. Investigations focused on the better preserved military dog tag. Some of the characters were illegible. Thus the aim of the investigations was to identify the originally stamped characters using the multispectral method. The idea was to investigate objects not only in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum but also in other ranges, such as the near-infrared or the long-wave infrared spectral range. The research made use of dynamic infrared thermography, near- infrared techniques (with additional excitation by a near-infrared source) and visible techniques.
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The subject of specialist laboratory examinations was a helmet discovered in the vicinity of a burial ground in Silniczka near Radomsko. The re-conservation of the artefact performed in the Laboratory of Metal Monuments Conservation at... more
The subject of specialist laboratory examinations was a helmet discovered in the vicinity of a burial ground in Silniczka near Radomsko. The re-conservation of the artefact performed in the Laboratory of Metal Monuments Conservation at the University of Łódź revealed that its skull was made of two triangular pieces of iron sheet. It was very interesting to discover the remains of ornamentation of non-ferrous metal at the top of the skull, which was in different shades of gold. The ornamentation covers the area around the opening for a tube and the rivets joining the pieces of metal sheet together. The clearly visible ornamentation made it possible to collect samples for tests and to perform chemical analysis. Traces of copper, brass and gold were found. It is diffi cult to determine the technique adopted to create the ornamentation on account of its poor condition. The structure and ornamentation of the helmet from Silniczka are closest to the so-called Great Poland helmets. The pieces of metal sheet forming the skull were riveted, and in some points they were fl attened with overlap. The helmet skull is conical. At its top, there is an opening where a conical tube used to be attached. A considerable series of similar helmets was found in the territory of early medieval Ruthania and the area inhabited by Baltic tribes. The artefact from Silniczka is not a typical representative of head protection of this type, however, it can be classifi ed as one thanks to its multi-element construction, presence of a tube, and ornaments of non-ferrous metals.
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During the rescue research carried out in 1987, a box grave of Pomeranian culture dating back to the Hallstatt D. Found in it, in addition to numerous attachments and lids 36 large vessels, including 23 typical, referred to as urns. Bone... more
During the rescue research carried out in 1987, a box grave of Pomeranian culture dating back to the Hallstatt D. Found in it, in addition to numerous attachments and lids 36 large vessels, including 23 typical, referred to as urns. Bone remains were preserved only in 21 vessels. Anthropological analysis has shown that human bones come from 21 people, that is, 11 children (under 6 years), 2 children in infans II age (6–14 years), 7 adults (3 men, 3 women and one adult). Only in four cases, lesions were observed.
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This article is dedicated to metal monuments from grave number 596 in Odry city. This archaeological site is associated with Wielbark culture. Metal findings from this grave were belt elements. They were subjected to metallurgical... more
This article is dedicated to metal monuments from grave number 596 in Odry city. This archaeological site is associated with Wielbark culture. Metal findings from this grave were belt elements. They were subjected to metallurgical analysis that has shown that findings had been made of bronze and brass. Their elemental composition is differentiated but all metal elements were from the same belt.
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The paper discusses a well-preserved helmet discovered in the vicinity of an Early Medieval cemetery in Silniczka near Radomsko. The helmet was made from two pieces of metal sheet, which were riveted together. In its upper part the... more
The paper discusses a well-preserved helmet discovered in the vicinity of an Early Medieval cemetery in Silniczka near Radomsko. The helmet was made from two pieces of metal sheet, which were riveted together. In its upper part the presence of copper and gold sheets was noticed. The helmet can be dated to the 11 th-first half of the 12 th c. and it belongs to unique finds from the territory of Poland.
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This article contains information about wooden buildings in Cracow. It is based on figures from Baltazar Behem Codex from 1505. Figures show craftsmen during labor. There are Cracow's buildings in the background. Part of residential... more
This article contains information about wooden buildings in Cracow. It is based on figures from Baltazar Behem Codex from 1505. Figures show craftsmen during labor. There are Cracow's buildings in the background. Part of residential houses was built in half-timbered construction. It is shown in these figures.
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The article describes the conservation and specialist metallographic examination of the 15th century short sword accidentally discovered in the town of Warta, Łódź Voivodeship. The unique character of the find is reflected by the fact... more
The article describes the conservation and specialist metallographic examination of the 15th century short sword accidentally discovered in the town of Warta, Łódź Voivodeship. The unique character of the find is reflected by the fact that the wooden insets on the hilt have been preserved. Decoration of the sword pommel in the shape of an asymmetrical cross made of brass is also unique. The process of conservation of wooden and metal elements has been described, as well as the examination of the element content and metalwork cuts.
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In the course of archaeological research diverse relics can be discovered. One category of finds are burials, several of which were explored during archaeological excavations carried out near the collegiate church in Jarosław. One of... more
In the course of archaeological research diverse relics can be discovered. One category of finds are burials, several of which were explored during archaeological excavations carried out near the collegiate church in Jarosław. One of them, laid on a coffin made of pinewood planks, additionally decorated with silver-plated nails forming a motif of a heart pierces by three arrows, deserves particular attention. The article describes conservation procedures applied to individual groups of raw materials from the finds, and the analysis of weaving techniques characteristic for that period.
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The Laboratory Of Conservation of Metal Objects at the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Lodz receives various relics discovered during archaeological excavations for conservation and analysis. One of such items was an object... more
The Laboratory Of Conservation of Metal Objects at the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Lodz receives various relics discovered during archaeological excavations for conservation and analysis. One of such items was an object found in early-medieval cemetery in Lubień, and described as covering of a knife scabbard. After a thorough analysis and various tests, it turned out that it was an entirely different object than had been originally assumed, namely an openwork strike-a-light rarely encountered in Polish territories during the early medieval period. Among corrosion products there was a silver cross denarius from 4th quarter of the 11th c. It appears that in the process of careful observation and conservation intervention the current state of research can change as well and new knowledge can be acquired concerning burial deposits.
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The authors present the find of 15 c. falchion, which was accidentally discovered in Warta town, in Łódź voivodeship. Particularly noteworthy is preserved, wooden covering of grip. Unique is also, the decoration on the falchion's pommel... more
The authors present the find of 15 c. falchion, which was accidentally discovered in Warta town, in Łódź voivodeship. Particularly noteworthy is preserved, wooden covering of grip. Unique is also, the decoration on the falchion's pommel in shape of asymmetrical cross. The artefact was metallographical examinated during the conservation.
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The subject of the paper is a single-edged sword (with an axe-shaped blade) originating from Latvia and kept in Poznań Archaeological Museum. The artefact was classified as type Z after J. Petersen. Such specimens are usually dated to... more
The subject of the paper is a single-edged sword (with an axe-shaped blade) originating from Latvia and kept in Poznań Archaeological Museum. The artefact was classified as type Z after J. Petersen. Such specimens are usually dated to 11th century and are mainly concentrated in the basin of the Baltic Sea, particularly on its eastern shore. The place of discovery, the shape of the blade and the concentration of this kind of artefact indicate its east Baltic origin. The material analysis provided grounds for a technological evaluation of the product. Hammered from a uniform iron rod (a billet), the blade revealed a diversified level of carburizing which improved its efficacy. Together with the probable lack of hilt decoration, this particular property seems to suggest that the weapon was wrought in order to make it as effective as possible in battle.
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The authors based on figures provided by EJ Dahlberg S. Puffendorf work De rebus a Carolo Gustavo Sveciae Rege gestis commentatorium libri Septem elegantissimistabulis aeneis exornati cum indice triplici presented the image of Polish... more
The authors based on figures provided by EJ Dahlberg S. Puffendorf work De rebus a Carolo Gustavo Sveciae Rege gestis commentatorium libri Septem elegantissimistabulis aeneis exornati cum indice triplici presented the image of Polish seventeenth-century village. Analysis based on views of twenty-five villages have drawn interesting results. Researchers have observed that the largest group of villages are the habitats from 5 to 10 houses that do not have a particular urban system. Another interesting observation is common residential buildings without chimneys on gable roofs. These and other findings the authors concluded in the article.
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The research included the northern post of lot where August the Third's Saxon palace had been built. On the map it also consisted of gardens and two pavillionss that had been designed. The research shows a high probability that these... more
The research included the northern post of lot where August the Third's Saxon palace had been built. On the map it also consisted of gardens and two pavillionss that had been designed. The research shows a high probability that these pavillions were built. Later, a town hall was built.
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The book consists of 6 chapters that mostly include archaeological research in the palace in Kutno. The palace is a postal inn of August the Third, the king of Saxony and Poland. It had been built from 1750 to 1752 on the travel route... more
The book consists of 6 chapters that mostly include archaeological research in the palace in Kutno. The palace is a postal inn of August the Third, the king of Saxony and Poland. It had been built from 1750 to 1752 on the travel route between Warsaw and Dresden.
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The article describes a sword's cross-guard made of brass. This item can be dated back to the end of the 9th- the 3rd quarter of the 10th century. It probably belongs to the type L according to J. Petersen. The type was shaped under... more
The article describes a sword's cross-guard made of brass. This item can be dated back to the end of the 9th- the 3rd quarter of the 10th century. It probably belongs to the type L according to J. Petersen. The type was shaped under Anglo-Carolingian influence. The vine-scroll adorning the cross-guard has no straight analogies, but a similar motif is represented in both Anglo-Saxon and Ruthenian materials.
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In 1997 an arrowhead was found in the field. This find was subjected to research and conservation. An X ray and metallographic research on carbon content were made.
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From 1984 to 1988 and 2005 to 2007 excavations were conducted in Kręcieszki (archeological site number). In years 2006 and 2007 large remains of the hut were found. They were supposed to be solids burnt in temperaturę over 1000 Celsius... more
From 1984 to 1988 and 2005 to 2007 excavations were conducted in Kręcieszki (archeological site number). In years 2006 and 2007 large remains of the hut were found. They were supposed to be solids burnt in temperaturę over 1000 Celsius degrees probably as a result of fire. Its layer was 20 cm thick. This houde is dated B1-B2 phase of Roman Period. It was built in timber framing.
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The thermoluminescence (TL) dating method has a significant measurement error margin reaching almost 10%. Due to this fact it could be considered as little effective in case of such sites from the Roman period as burial grounds with many... more
The thermoluminescence (TL) dating method has a significant measurement error margin reaching almost 10%. Due to this fact it could be considered as little effective in case of such sites from the Roman period as burial grounds with many artefacts useful for archaeological dating. However , for many settlements from this period, where pottery is the only kind of artefacts, the TL method can give notable results. The main purpose of the study was to make an attempt at TL dating of pottery and clay daub samples from the Nieszawa Kolonia and Kręcieszki sites and to compare the obtained dates with the results of archaeological dating of selected features from the Przeworsk Culture settlements. In the Kręcieszki site the fragments of burnt clay daub were dated by the TL method for the first time in the Lublin laboratory. It turned out that clay daub is an equally good dating material as pottery. It can be found that the TL dating of pottery from Nieszawa Kolonia confirms two stages of settlement. The first settlement stage is related to the phases B2-B2/C1-C1a of the Roman period, i.e. from the beginning of the 2 nd to the beginning of the 3 rd century. The second group of TL dates corresponds to the phases C2D that is to the second stage of settlement, from the second half of the 3 rd century to the half of the 5 th century AD. The results of TL dating of pottery and clay daub in the Kręcieszki site are rather similar and correspond to the phase B1/B2 of the period of Roman influence , determined from pottery style, but can also indicate the phase B2/C1.
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Thermoluminescence is an old, but well known method of dating of monuments. In this publication there is shown its usefulness in earthenware objects from different historical periods. The oldest examined monument was Pomeranian culture... more
Thermoluminescence is an old, but well known method of dating of monuments. In this publication there is shown its usefulness in earthenware objects from different historical periods. The oldest examined monument was Pomeranian culture pottery from 5th century BC. The youngest monument was clay daub found in palace from 18th century in Kutno.
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In the article there is a description and analysis of wooden architecture shown in the illustrations from a book released in 1571. The book contains information about farming.
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In the article there is a description and analysis of wooden architecture shown in the illustrations from a book released in 1571. The book contains information about farming.
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Pomeranian culture cemetary in Kręcieszki dates from 4th century BC. It consists of graves in a shape of stone box. The domensions were 1 x 2 m. There were a few urns.
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Timber framing appeared for the first time in Poland in the mid-13th century when German settlers came there. No buildings were saved from this period of time. They are discovered in archaeological studies. This work presents selected... more
Timber framing appeared for the first time in Poland in the mid-13th century when German settlers came there. No buildings were saved from this period of time. They are discovered in archaeological studies. This work presents selected buildings from Pułtusk, Gdańsk, Wrocław, Plemięta, Słoszewy and Płock.
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Timber framing appeared for the first time in Poland in the mid-13th century when German settlers came there. No buildings were saved from this period of time. They are discovered in archaeological studies. This work presents selected... more
Timber framing appeared for the first time in Poland in the mid-13th century when German settlers came there. No buildings were saved from this period of time. They are discovered in archaeological studies. This work presents selected buildings from Pułtusk, Gdańsk, Wrocław, Plemięta, Słoszewy and Płock.
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Between 1991 and 1994 a find consisting of a set of military was obtained from the bottom of the Nida river which separated Nowy Korczyn city from the castle. This find consisted mainly of axes (16 pieces) and other smaller metal... more
Between 1991 and 1994 a find consisting of a set of military was obtained from the bottom of the Nida river which separated Nowy Korczyn city from the castle. This find consisted mainly of axes (16 pieces) and other smaller metal elements. They were probably from 14th and 15th century. This work shows typology and analogy of other monuments from Central Europe.