- Veterinary medicine Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
- 0098(51)3880-3742
- Veterinary Medicine, Anatomy, Physiology, Pharmacology, Bacteriology, Biochemestry, and 12 moreBiotechnology, Food Hygiene, Public Health, Immunology, Molcular Biology, Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Virology, Large Animal Medicine, Small Animal Internal Medicine, POULTRY DISEASES, and Aquacultureedit
- Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology (IJVST) is an international, scientific, and open access journal... moreIranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology (IJVST) is an international, scientific, and open access journal. Under the license of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY), this journal is published biannually by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran since 2008. A double-blind peer-reviewing system is used to assure the quality of the publication. IJVST publishes important new advances and novel research in all aspects of veterinary medicine and its relevant subjects. This journal has been indexed in well-known world databases such as Scopus, DOAJ, CABI, and ISC as well as ISI Master Journal List. The article publishing charges will be covered by Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press and thus, there are no publication fees for authors.edit
A 36 hours old foal was presented with abdominal pain and undefication that did not respond to medical treatment. Physical examination revealed marked abdominal distension, mild tachycardia, tachypnea and high rectal temperature.... more
A 36 hours old foal was presented with abdominal pain and undefication that did not respond
to medical treatment. Physical examination revealed marked abdominal distension, mild tachycardia,
tachypnea and high rectal temperature. Radiographic and ultrasonographic investigations
confirmed the meconium impaction and large colon involvement. The case was recommended
for urgent exploratory celiotomy. Close observation during surgery showed distention of small
and large intestine and 360° volvulus of left colon associated with meconium impaction in small
colon. After decompression and correction of large colon, impacted meconium was removed from
the lumen via small colon enterotomy. The foal was recovered uneventfully and did not show any
complication during 2 weeks follow up. This report suggested failure to pass meconium can cause
other gastrointestinal disorders in neonatal foals.
to medical treatment. Physical examination revealed marked abdominal distension, mild tachycardia,
tachypnea and high rectal temperature. Radiographic and ultrasonographic investigations
confirmed the meconium impaction and large colon involvement. The case was recommended
for urgent exploratory celiotomy. Close observation during surgery showed distention of small
and large intestine and 360° volvulus of left colon associated with meconium impaction in small
colon. After decompression and correction of large colon, impacted meconium was removed from
the lumen via small colon enterotomy. The foal was recovered uneventfully and did not show any
complication during 2 weeks follow up. This report suggested failure to pass meconium can cause
other gastrointestinal disorders in neonatal foals.
Research Interests:
Peganum harmala contains pharmacologically active compounds and has been utilized for various purposes over the years. Due to public health concerns about snakebite envenoming, this study aimed to assess the potential antagonistic effects... more
Peganum harmala contains pharmacologically active compounds and has been utilized for various
purposes over the years. Due to public health concerns about snakebite envenoming, this study
aimed to assess the potential antagonistic effects of this plant against the lethal impact of snake
(Naja naja oxiana) venom. This study used five protocols and 56 adult albino mice in seven equal
groups (A, B1, B2, C, D, E, and F). In protocol I (control), group A received only 4 mg/kg of venom,
while groups B1 and B2 received the P. harmala extract at doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg, respectively.
In protocol II, group C was simultaneously administered 15 mg/kg of the extract and 4 mg/
kg of venom. In protocol III, group D received 4 mg/kg of venom, followed by the administration
of 15 mg/kg of the extract after 20 min. In protocol IV, group E was treated with venom-extract
pre-incubated for 20 min at the same doses. In protocol V, group F received 30 mg/kg of the extract
orally 60 min before the injection of venom at 4 mg/kg. The route of injection was IP. The average
time of death after venom injection was 31 ± 5 min. Groups B1 and B2 survived, while the animals
in group C died after 29 ± 7 min, group D after 18 ± 4 min, group E after 17 ± 5 min, and group F
after 22 ± 3 min. In conclusion, P. harmala does not protect against Naja naja venom and accelerates
its lethal effect in an unknown way.
purposes over the years. Due to public health concerns about snakebite envenoming, this study
aimed to assess the potential antagonistic effects of this plant against the lethal impact of snake
(Naja naja oxiana) venom. This study used five protocols and 56 adult albino mice in seven equal
groups (A, B1, B2, C, D, E, and F). In protocol I (control), group A received only 4 mg/kg of venom,
while groups B1 and B2 received the P. harmala extract at doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg, respectively.
In protocol II, group C was simultaneously administered 15 mg/kg of the extract and 4 mg/
kg of venom. In protocol III, group D received 4 mg/kg of venom, followed by the administration
of 15 mg/kg of the extract after 20 min. In protocol IV, group E was treated with venom-extract
pre-incubated for 20 min at the same doses. In protocol V, group F received 30 mg/kg of the extract
orally 60 min before the injection of venom at 4 mg/kg. The route of injection was IP. The average
time of death after venom injection was 31 ± 5 min. Groups B1 and B2 survived, while the animals
in group C died after 29 ± 7 min, group D after 18 ± 4 min, group E after 17 ± 5 min, and group F
after 22 ± 3 min. In conclusion, P. harmala does not protect against Naja naja venom and accelerates
its lethal effect in an unknown way.
Research Interests:
Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is a chronic granulomatous small intestine disease caused by MAP. Diagnosing and isolating infected animals is the most important measure for controlling the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to... more
Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is a chronic granulomatous small intestine disease caused by
MAP. Diagnosing and isolating infected animals is the most important measure for controlling
the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to molecularly identify mycobacterium isolated from ELISA-
positive cows with Johne's disease by nested PCR from the samples from Markazi Province,
Iran. For this purpose, 2938 samples were decontaminated and then cultured on the Herrold egg
culture medium containing mycobactin and no mycobactin. After DNA extraction, PCR for 16S
rRNA was first performed, followed by nested PCR on positive samples. Of 2938 samples, 87 were
positive, and 26 were suspected. All positive isolates were observed in Ziehl-Neelsen staining in
microscopic expansion. A 543-bp band was observed in 26 tested samples and mycobacterium
strains in PCR for 16S rRNA, indicating the presence of mycobacterium in the above samples.
Nested PCR was performed for all isolates and positive and negative control strains. A 398-bp
band was obtained in the first stage, and a 298-bp fragment was obtained in the second stage,
indicating the presence of MAP in the samples. Accordingly, nested PCR is suggested as a proper
method for the quick and definitive diagnosis of disease cases.
MAP. Diagnosing and isolating infected animals is the most important measure for controlling
the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to molecularly identify mycobacterium isolated from ELISA-
positive cows with Johne's disease by nested PCR from the samples from Markazi Province,
Iran. For this purpose, 2938 samples were decontaminated and then cultured on the Herrold egg
culture medium containing mycobactin and no mycobactin. After DNA extraction, PCR for 16S
rRNA was first performed, followed by nested PCR on positive samples. Of 2938 samples, 87 were
positive, and 26 were suspected. All positive isolates were observed in Ziehl-Neelsen staining in
microscopic expansion. A 543-bp band was observed in 26 tested samples and mycobacterium
strains in PCR for 16S rRNA, indicating the presence of mycobacterium in the above samples.
Nested PCR was performed for all isolates and positive and negative control strains. A 398-bp
band was obtained in the first stage, and a 298-bp fragment was obtained in the second stage,
indicating the presence of MAP in the samples. Accordingly, nested PCR is suggested as a proper
method for the quick and definitive diagnosis of disease cases.
Research Interests:
Considering the role of skull bones in preserving vital organs, paying close attention to the shape and size of the skull is of great importance when various conditions, such as head trauma, are suspected. However, in order to confirm the... more
Considering the role of skull bones in preserving vital organs, paying close attention to the shape and size of the skull is of great importance when various conditions, such as head trauma, are suspected. However, in order to confirm the suspicion radiologically, examiners need to have detailed information on the normal skull characteristics of each breed. This study aimed to evaluate the radiological and anatomical features of the skull in adult Husky dogs. The current descriptive cross-sectional study examined eight adult Husky dogs (four males and four females) that died due to different conditions, excluding those of the head. After the preparation of the skulls, radiographs were obtained on different views. In addition, the bones were examined in terms of morphological characteristics. Morphometric indices were also measured and the results were recorded. Based on the results of this study, the skull of Husky dogs consists of 11 cranial bones (Ossa cranii), and 21 facial bones (Ossa faciei). Three parameters, including the height and the length of tympanic bullae as well as the orbital index, were greater in females compared to males. However, the differences were not significant. Other parameters were greater in male dogs. The whole skull length and maximum width of the skull showed significant differences between the two genders (p ≤ 0.05). The precise standards obtained in the current study can be used in interpreting the results to determine whether the presenting characteristics are abnormal or breed-dependent.
Research Interests:
BDV is a neurotropic enveloped RNA virus that induces persistent neurologic disease in a wide host range, including several vertebrate species and humans. The BDV genome encodes six proteins but the P24 protein was identified at higher... more
BDV is a neurotropic enveloped RNA virus that induces persistent neurologic disease in a wide
host range, including several vertebrate species and humans. The BDV genome encodes six proteins
but the P24 protein was identified at higher rates than other proteins in BDV-infected tissues.
In this study, BDV-P24 protein was constructed and subcloned into expression plasmid pET22.
Recombinant protein expression was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. P24 protein
was injected into rabbits with the aim of polyclonal antibody production and immunization.
ELISA is a fast, cost-effective, and highly sensitive technique with a lower probability of contamination
compared to other diagnostic methods. ELISA was performed to evaluate infection in
laboratory rabbits and retrospective infection was examined in 50 rabbits. The obtained results in
this study indicated that ELISA based on P24 protein has a high potential to detect BDV infection.
host range, including several vertebrate species and humans. The BDV genome encodes six proteins
but the P24 protein was identified at higher rates than other proteins in BDV-infected tissues.
In this study, BDV-P24 protein was constructed and subcloned into expression plasmid pET22.
Recombinant protein expression was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. P24 protein
was injected into rabbits with the aim of polyclonal antibody production and immunization.
ELISA is a fast, cost-effective, and highly sensitive technique with a lower probability of contamination
compared to other diagnostic methods. ELISA was performed to evaluate infection in
laboratory rabbits and retrospective infection was examined in 50 rabbits. The obtained results in
this study indicated that ELISA based on P24 protein has a high potential to detect BDV infection.
Research Interests:
HS is still a frequently reported endemic disease, with outbreaks in Indonesia. HS vaccines distributed in Indonesia exhibit various limitations. This study computationally evaluated the B-cell epitope of the 37-kDa OmpH derived from the... more
HS is still a frequently reported endemic disease, with outbreaks in Indonesia. HS vaccines distributed
in Indonesia exhibit various limitations. This study computationally evaluated the B-cell
epitope of the 37-kDa OmpH derived from the amino acid sequence of Pasteurella multocida from
the NTT and Katha strains and compared the epitopes of the two strains. Amino acid sequences
were obtained from NCBI and analyzed for multiple sequence alignment, and homology was
analyzed using the BLASTp program at NCBI. Epitope prediction was performed using the IEDB
B-cell epitope and ABCPred prediction tools. The VaxiJen v.2 online platform was used for antigenicity
analysis, and IEDB was used for epitope conservancy analysis. The results of the homology
analysis revealed that local NTT isolates had a high (>95%) identity with the Katha strain and
isolates from China, India, Iran, Japan, and the USA. The epitope predictions from both methods
were cross-checked, overlapping epitopes were shortlisted, and only five epitopes were predicted.
Among the five, one epitope, ALEVGLN, appeared to be antigenic to both NTT and Katha strains.
The antigenic sequence of 37 kDa OmpH can be used for peptide-based vaccine development and
immunotherapeutic design.
in Indonesia exhibit various limitations. This study computationally evaluated the B-cell
epitope of the 37-kDa OmpH derived from the amino acid sequence of Pasteurella multocida from
the NTT and Katha strains and compared the epitopes of the two strains. Amino acid sequences
were obtained from NCBI and analyzed for multiple sequence alignment, and homology was
analyzed using the BLASTp program at NCBI. Epitope prediction was performed using the IEDB
B-cell epitope and ABCPred prediction tools. The VaxiJen v.2 online platform was used for antigenicity
analysis, and IEDB was used for epitope conservancy analysis. The results of the homology
analysis revealed that local NTT isolates had a high (>95%) identity with the Katha strain and
isolates from China, India, Iran, Japan, and the USA. The epitope predictions from both methods
were cross-checked, overlapping epitopes were shortlisted, and only five epitopes were predicted.
Among the five, one epitope, ALEVGLN, appeared to be antigenic to both NTT and Katha strains.
The antigenic sequence of 37 kDa OmpH can be used for peptide-based vaccine development and
immunotherapeutic design.
Research Interests:
The severity of the clinical manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis can vary depending on various factors, such as the Leishmania species involved as well as hosts and their immune response. This study aimed to investigate the... more
The severity of the clinical manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis can vary depending on various
factors, such as the Leishmania species involved as well as hosts and their immune response.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of different clinical signs,
histopathological changes, and genetic indicators with TAC in mice experimentally infected with
Leishmania major.A total of 105 eight-week-old BALB/c mice of both sexes were assigned to seven
experimental groups (15 in each) as follows: 1) healthy mice, 2) Leishmania-infected mice treated
with 100 mg/kg/day of SC glucantime until complete healing, 3) mice which received 20 IU/kg/
day of vitamin E (SC for 10 days) to increase TAC prior to infection and further treatment with
glucantime, 4) Leishmania-infected mice which received both vitamin E and glucantime daily
until complete healing, 5) mice which received 20 IU/kg/day of vitamin E (SC for 10 days) before
infection, and 6) Leishmania-infected mice which received 20 IU/kg/day of SC vitamin E up to
the end of the trial, and 7) mice which received daily vitamin E until the end of the experiment.
Wound size, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and healing genes
(KGF and EGF), histopathological findings, and mortality rate were assessed three times on days
31, 38, and 72 post-infection. Approximately, 31 days after the parasite inoculation, dermal lesions
were developed in all infected mice. In group 3, the clinical manifestations, healing time, and
histopathological changes were significantly more favorable, while group 4 showed the worst situation
in terms of the evaluated indicators. A high level of TAC before the onset of the disease has
an effective role in the recovery indicators. However, its simultaneous elevation at the beginning
of infection will decrease the body's ability to effectively clear the parasite, heal the tissue, and improve
the clinical manifestations of the disease.
factors, such as the Leishmania species involved as well as hosts and their immune response.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of different clinical signs,
histopathological changes, and genetic indicators with TAC in mice experimentally infected with
Leishmania major.A total of 105 eight-week-old BALB/c mice of both sexes were assigned to seven
experimental groups (15 in each) as follows: 1) healthy mice, 2) Leishmania-infected mice treated
with 100 mg/kg/day of SC glucantime until complete healing, 3) mice which received 20 IU/kg/
day of vitamin E (SC for 10 days) to increase TAC prior to infection and further treatment with
glucantime, 4) Leishmania-infected mice which received both vitamin E and glucantime daily
until complete healing, 5) mice which received 20 IU/kg/day of vitamin E (SC for 10 days) before
infection, and 6) Leishmania-infected mice which received 20 IU/kg/day of SC vitamin E up to
the end of the trial, and 7) mice which received daily vitamin E until the end of the experiment.
Wound size, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and healing genes
(KGF and EGF), histopathological findings, and mortality rate were assessed three times on days
31, 38, and 72 post-infection. Approximately, 31 days after the parasite inoculation, dermal lesions
were developed in all infected mice. In group 3, the clinical manifestations, healing time, and
histopathological changes were significantly more favorable, while group 4 showed the worst situation
in terms of the evaluated indicators. A high level of TAC before the onset of the disease has
an effective role in the recovery indicators. However, its simultaneous elevation at the beginning
of infection will decrease the body's ability to effectively clear the parasite, heal the tissue, and improve
the clinical manifestations of the disease.
Research Interests:
Poultry meat production worldwide has continued to expand over the last two decades. In this regard, hygienic meat inspection and monitoring of diseases at slaughter lines have been recognized as essential for assessing flocks' status.... more
Poultry meat production worldwide has continued to expand over the last two decades. In this regard, hygienic meat inspection and monitoring of diseases at slaughter lines have been recognized as essential for assessing flocks' status. This study aimed to determine the condemnation rate of slaughtered poultry and calculate the economic losses due to condemnations in the Namin industrial slaughterhouse, Ardabil Province of Iran. The data were collected by a veterinarian inspector in the slaughterhouse. The number of poultry slaughtered, their weight, the number and weight of condemned carcasses, and the reasons for condemnation were recorded. In this study, 3,488,916 poultry were slaughtered, and 42,310 carcasses (1.202 %) were condemned, weighing 66,385 kg. The highest percentage of condemned poultry was observed in autumn (1.61%), and the lowest in spring (0.93%). The direct financial loss incurred due to condemnations was estimated to be as high as 153,067 USD. Septicemia and dead on arrival (DOA) were the most common reasons for the rejection of carcasses, accounting for 47.85% and 0.580 of the total condemnations and total slaughtered poultry, respectively. The highest frequency percentage of the condemnation due to diseases occurred during autumn.In contrast, summer had the highest condemnation rate in association with DOA. The current survey showed that diseases caused the most condemnations compared to other causes. Therefore, improving disease control programs on flocks and increasing the welfare of birds before slaughter is recommended.
Research Interests:
Detection of sperm in the peritoneal fluid of animals is unusual and has not been reported in the literature. In this report, we describe the presence of sperm cells in the peritoneal fluid of a twoyear-old ram. The ram was presented with... more
Detection of sperm in the peritoneal fluid of animals is unusual and has not been reported in the literature. In this report, we describe the presence of sperm cells in the peritoneal fluid of a twoyear-old ram. The ram was presented with dyspnea, reduced rumen contractions, a mild degree of dehydration, cyanotic mucosa, difficulty in standing, and anuria. Ancillary diagnostics, including ultrasonography, radiography, complete blood cell count, and abdominocentesis were performed. In the peripheral blood sample, no blood parasites were observed, although thrombocytosis with toxic neutrophilia, and atypical lymphocytes were seen in the blood smear. In radiographs, urolithiasis was confirmed just on the sigmoid flexure position. Ultrasound examination revealed a distended bladder and large amounts of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity. The electrocardiogram analysis showed the absence of P waves, bradycardia, wide QRS complexes, ST-segment elevation, and tented T waves. In the peritoneal fluid smears, a large number of spermatozoa, and increased inflammatory cells were observed. It was concluded that the trauma or rupture in colliculus seminalis, ductus deferens, or the urethra with urinary stones resulted in leakage of spermatozoa to the peritoneal cavity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of spermatozoa in the peritoneal fluid of large animals.
Research Interests:
Domestic poultry are considered natural reservoirs for the transmission of Campylobacter spp., mainly C. jejuni and C. coli, to other birds and humans. This study aimed to determine the Campylobacter infection status in backyard ducks in... more
Domestic poultry are considered natural reservoirs for the transmission of Campylobacter spp., mainly C. jejuni and C. coli, to other birds and humans. This study aimed to determine the Campylobacter infection status in backyard ducks in Iran. A total of 100 cloacal swabs were obtained from apparently healthy backyard ducks in different rural areas of Amol, a city in northern Iran. Bacterial isolation was based on traditional culture procedures, and genus and species identification were performed using an mPCR. All isolates were examined for antimicrobial resistance to seven antibiotics by Kirby Bauer's disk diffusion test. The virulence-associated genes cadF, iamA, pldA, cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, and wlaN were detected as well. Out of the 27 Campylobacter isolates recovered, 19 (70.4%) were C. coli, and 3 (11.1%) were C. jejuni. The remaining five isolates (18.5%) were not identified. All (100%) isolates showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. Most isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. The resistance rate to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and erythromycin was moderate but was relatively low to gentamicin. Moreover, over two-thirds of the isolates were MDR. All virulence genes, except iamA, were variably detected. The cadF and pldA genes had the highest (92.6%) and lowest (7.4%) positivity rates, respectively. In addition, a statistically significant association was observed between Campylobacter spp. and most of the critical virulence genes (p < 0.05). Our findings imply that backyard ducks should be paid attention to as a major source of human campylobacteriosis.
Research Interests:
MAP is the causative agent of paratuberculosis and has also been implicated in the etiology of Crohn's Disease in humans. Therefore, the importance of studies on this subject increases as MAP causes many economic losses by causing disease... more
MAP is the causative agent of paratuberculosis and has also been implicated in the etiology of Crohn's Disease in humans. Therefore, the importance of studies on this subject increases as MAP causes many economic losses by causing disease in cattle and is important for public health. The aim of this paper was to map the global scientific landscape related to MAP research. The WOS database was queried for publications bearing the title "Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis" during January 2001-December 2021 employing the R bibliometrix program. A total of 1775 articles were reviewed in this bibliometric analysis. Notably, the majority of these articles originated from the USA (n = 536, 30.541%). The year 2013 emerged as the most productive year for publications. In terms of research fields, veterinary science (n = 730, 41.6%) was the leading research area. These studies were conducted by a diverse array of researchers, including veterinarians, physicians, and other experts working to define MAP. The sustained increase in the number of publications on paratuberculosis underscores the ongoing global interest in this factor. The determination of effective control strategies for paratuberculosis is important for the food sector and public health. Therefore, a research collaboration between countries should be established in this regard.
Research Interests:
Coxiellosis, also known as Q fever, is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetti and has become a significant cause of small ruminant abortion globally. Q fever is endemic in Iran, but there is a dearth of epidemiological data... more
Coxiellosis, also known as Q fever, is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetti and has become a significant cause of small ruminant abortion globally. Q fever is endemic in Iran, but there is a dearth of epidemiological data regarding the true prevalence of C. burnetii in some areas of Iran. Small ruminants, mainly goats and sheep, are considered the primary reservoir for human infection, posing a considerable threat to human health. Theses reservoirs can shed the bacterium into vaginal mucus.The objective of this study is to examine the prevalence of coxiellosis through the detection of the IS1111 gene of C. burnetii using Real-time PCR and also to identify the related risk factors (such as the location of livestock, age, species, and parity) associated with the disease in the vaginal discharge of small ruminants residing in Kerman province, located in the southeast of Iran. During the winter of 2019 and autumn of 2020, a total of 134 vaginal samples from aborted small ruminants (70 samples from sheep and 64 from goats) were gathered from 32 herds located in different areas of Kerman province. The results showed that 26 samples, comprising 14 from goats (21.88 %) and 12 from sheep (17.14 %), were positive for coxiellosis. According to the findings of our study, the detection of C. burnetii showed that coxiellosis is circulating in the studied area. Additionally, our analysis revealed no statistically significant association between the prevalence of Q fever and small ruminants'' location, number of parturition, and age that were examined as potential risk factors.
Research Interests:
The antimicrobial activity of peppermint (Mentha piperita) and pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) essential oil on three mastitis-causing pathogens in milk Bovine mastitis causes a lot of economic losses, and the appearance of resistant strains... more
The antimicrobial activity of peppermint (Mentha piperita) and pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) essential oil on three mastitis-causing pathogens in milk Bovine mastitis causes a lot of economic losses, and the appearance of resistant strains of bacteria has led to the use of alternative natural bioagents for treatment. It is generally believed that high levels of fat and/ or protein in foods may protect bacteria against the effects of essential oils (EOs). The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of EOs of Mentha piperita (peppermint) and Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal) on three bovine mastitis bacteria (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Staphylococcus aureus) in milk. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used for the analysis of EOs. Antibacterial effects of the EOs on bacteria were evaluated with minimum bactericide concentration (MBC), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and time-kill assay. Major components of peppermint EO were carvone (63.02%) and limonene (24.48%), and those of pennyroyal EO were pulegone (48.16%), eucalyptol (14.57%), and piperitenone (10.09%). The MIC and MBC were 0.62% and 1.25% for pennyroyal, 0.31-1.25% and 0.62-2.5% for peppermint, 0.31-0.62% and 0.62-2.5% for peppermint and pennyroyal, respectively. At 6-h, the bacterial reduction of treatments compared to the control group was significant for E. coli and S. agalactiae bacteria. The S. agalactiae and S. aureus counts significantly decreased in the peppermint and pennyroyal group at 24-h. In conclusion, peppermint and pennyroyal EO showed an antibacterial effect on these three bacteria and can be evaluated as an adjunct or alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of bovine mastitis.
Research Interests:
The seroprevalences of BRSV, BPIV-3, and BAV-3 were studied in the dairy cattle of Fars Province in the south of Iran and their associated risk factors were determined. Serum samples (n = 420) were collected from 36 cattle herds in the... more
The seroprevalences of BRSV, BPIV-3, and BAV-3 were studied in the dairy cattle of Fars Province in the south of Iran and their associated risk factors were determined. Serum samples (n = 420) were collected from 36 cattle herds in the northern, central, and southern regions of the study area. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to detect antibodies against these viruses. The Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to identify potential risk factors. Antibodies were estimated 100% for all the studied viruses at the herd level and 76.43%, 76.90%, and 92.62% at the animal level for BRSV, BPIV-3, and BAV-3, respectively. In logistic regression analysis, age for all the viruses, season for BPIV-3 and BAV-3, and region and farming type for BAV-3 were significantly related to seroprevalence at the animal level. A significant association of dual infections with studied viruses was identified. The present study demonstrated that BRSV, BPIV-3, and BAV-3 are very prevalent in the dairy herds of southern Iran and highlighted the necessity to establish a control program.
Research Interests:
CCH, resulting from multiple cerebrovascular diseases, has been considered the primary cause of cognitive impairment in recent years. In this process, oxidative stress plays a critical role and damages hippocampal neurons. Research has... more
CCH, resulting from multiple cerebrovascular diseases, has been considered the primary cause of cognitive impairment in recent years. In this process, oxidative stress plays a critical role and damages hippocampal neurons. Research has shown that Salvia verticillata has a significant antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activity due to its polyphenolic compounds. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Salvia verticillata on a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. A total of 24 rats were subjected to Salvia verticillata or vehicle orally from one week before 2VO surgery for 14 days. Cerebral hypoperfusion was induced by the bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (2VO, n = 12 and sham, n = 12). The cognition of rats was evaluated 1 week after surgery in the MWM. In the MWM test, 2VO rats showed longer escape latency time and swimming distance and spent a shorter time in the target quadrant (p < 0.05). Moreover, we observed that Salvia verticillata treatment significantly reduced escape latency time, shortened the swimming distance, and increased target quadrant time (p > 0.05). Our results indicated that Salvia verticillata treatment significantly improved cognitive deficits in cerebral ischemic rats, probably by reducing oxidative stress damage.
Research Interests:
The zoonotic disease brucellosis is a serious public health and livestock industry concern. In the present study, we used bacteriological culture, RBT, and qPCR to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in the serum and milk samples of... more
The zoonotic disease brucellosis is a serious public health and livestock industry concern. In the present study, we used bacteriological culture, RBT, and qPCR to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in the serum and milk samples of sheep with a history of abortion. Serum and milk samples were obtained from 100 sheep aged 3-5 years. In order to determine the prevalence of brucellosis, a modified RBT was performed on serum samples, Brucella was isolated from milk by bacteriological culture, and qPCR was applied to detect bacterial DNA in milk. The prevalence of brucellosis using modified RBT, bacteriological culture, and qPCR was 32%, 42%, and 44%, respectively. By considering qPCR as the standard, modified RBT showed a sensitivity of 95%, a specificity of 100%, an accuracy of 98%, a PV+ of 100%, and a PV-of 97%. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PV+, and PV-for bacteriological culture were 77%, 100%, 90%, 100%, and 85%, respectively. The agreement between qPCR and modified RBT was 0.959 (95% CI: 0.896-1), between qPCR and bacteriological culture was 0.792 (95% CI: 0.667-0.897), and between modified RBT and bacteriological culture was 0.831 (95% CI: 0.709-0.38). Based on the results, bacterial isolation from sheep milk is not recommended except in specific cases due to its low sensitivity, as well as its time-consuming and hazardous nature. However, the modified RBT can be used as a routine method because of its cost-effectiveness, higher sensitivity, and higher accuracy compared to bacterial isolation. Moreover, qPCR is recommended as the gold standard test for detecting brucellosis in sheep milk, especially in those with a history of abortion.
Research Interests:
CCH, resulting from multiple cerebrovascular diseases, has been considered the primary cause of cognitive impairment in recent years. In this process, oxidative stress plays a critical role and damages hippocampal neurons. Research has... more
CCH, resulting from multiple cerebrovascular diseases, has been considered the primary cause of cognitive impairment in recent years. In this process, oxidative stress plays a critical role and damages hippocampal neurons. Research has shown that Salvia verticillata has a significant antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activity due to its polyphenolic compounds. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Salvia verticillata on a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. A total of 24 rats were subjected to Salvia verticillata or vehicle orally from one week before 2VO surgery for 14 days. Cerebral hypoperfusion was induced by the bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (2VO, n = 12 and sham, n = 12). The cognition of rats was evaluated 1 week after surgery in the MWM. In the MWM test, 2VO rats showed longer escape latency time and swimming distance and spent a shorter time in the target quadrant (p < 0.05). Moreover, we observed that Salvia verticillata treatment significantly reduced escape latency time, shortened the swimming distance, and increased target quadrant time (p > 0.05). Our results indicated that Salvia verticillata treatment significantly improved cognitive deficits in cerebral ischemic rats, probably by reducing oxidative stress damage.
Research Interests:
CCH, resulting from multiple cerebrovascular diseases, has been considered the primary cause of cognitive impairment in recent years. In this process, oxidative stress plays a critical role and damages hippocampal neurons. Research has... more
CCH, resulting from multiple cerebrovascular diseases, has been considered the primary cause of cognitive impairment in recent years. In this process, oxidative stress plays a critical role and damages hippocampal neurons. Research has shown that Salvia verticillata has a significant antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activity due to its polyphenolic compounds. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Salvia verticillata on a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. A total of 24 rats were subjected to Salvia verticillata or vehicle orally from one week before 2VO surgery for 14 days. Cerebral hypoperfusion was induced by the bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (2VO, n = 12 and sham, n = 12). The cognition of rats was evaluated 1 week after surgery in the MWM. In the MWM test, 2VO rats showed longer escape latency time and swimming distance and spent a shorter time in the target quadrant (p < 0.05). Moreover, we observed that Salvia verticillata treatment significantly reduced escape latency time, shortened the swimming distance, and increased target quadrant time (p > 0.05). Our results indicated that Salvia verticillata treatment significantly improved cognitive deficits in cerebral ischemic rats, probably by reducing oxidative stress damage.
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In 2022, the trematode Plagiorchis noblei was isolated from a Horned owl (Asio otus) in Shahrekord city. This trematode was isolated from the small intestine of the Horned owl. The trematode was fixed on a microscope slide and stained... more
In 2022, the trematode Plagiorchis noblei was isolated from a Horned owl (Asio otus) in Shahrekord city. This trematode was isolated from the small intestine of the Horned owl. The trematode was fixed on a microscope slide and stained with Carmine acid. Then the sample was examined with a stereomicroscope and identified with the available diagnostic keys. Studies showed that this trematode belongs to the species Plagiorchis noblei. This parasite belongs to the Plagiorchiidae family, but so far this parasite has not been observed in owls in Shahrekord city. This parasite belongs to the Digenea order, which causes lung, digestive, liver and blood diseases in birds and other vertebrates
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This research aimed to find a suitable formulation for rations containing Black soldier fly larvae powder to support the optimal kampung hen production performance. Four to five-month-old Kampung hens were given feed with different... more
This research aimed to find a suitable formulation for rations containing Black soldier fly larvae powder to support the optimal kampung hen production performance. Four to five-month-old Kampung hens were given feed with different amounts of black soldier fly larvae powder (n = 4 hens/treatment) to adjust protein and energy levels: R0 (commercial feed only, 17.53% protein, 3067 kcal/kg), R1 (14% protein, 2600 kcal/kg energy), R2 (14% protein, 2800 kcal/kg energy), R3 (16% protein, 2600 kcal/kg energy), R4 (16% protein, 2800 kcal/kg energy), R5 (18% protein, 2600 kcal/kg energy), R6 (18% protein, 2800 kcal/kg energy), R7 (20% protein, 2600 kcal/kg energy), R8 (20% protein, 2800 kcal/kg energy), R9 (22% protein, 2600 kcal/kg energy), and R10 (22% protein, 2800 kcal/kg energy). We measured several performance parameters, including body weight, feed consumption, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, visceral index, intraperitoneal fat index, and tissue protein content. Results show that treatment R6 produced significantly better overall performance (p < 0.05) than all other treatments except R5. Feed containing black soldier fly larvae powder with 18% protein content and 2800 kcal/kg energy is an inexpensive and readily available way to support the maximum growth of Kampung hens.
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In recent years, C. abortus, the etiological agent of ovine enzootic abortion, has been associated with many cases of lamb loss in sheep and goat farms in Iran. However, there is a lack of epidemiological data regarding Chlamydia-related... more
In recent years, C. abortus, the etiological agent of ovine enzootic abortion, has been associated with many cases of lamb loss in sheep and goat farms in Iran. However, there is a lack of epidemiological data regarding Chlamydia-related abortion in this region. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of C. abortus and the associated risk factors in the small ruminants of Kerman Province, southeast Iran. For this purpose, we collected 134 vaginal swab samples from 70 sheep and 64 goats that had experienced abortion. Following DNA extraction from samples, we amplified the POMP90-3 gene of C. abortus using PCR to confirm C. abortus presence, and then one positive sample was selected for sequencing. The results indicated an overall C. abortus prevalence rate of 21.6%, with 20.3% prevalence in goats and 22.8% in sheep. We observed a higher incidence rate in animals with a higher number of parturition; however, no significant corelation was observed between the prevalence rate of C. abortus and species. In addition, sampling location was considered a risk factor associated with C. abortus infection. This study highlighted C. abortus as a threat to small ruminants' reproduction in Kerman Province, which deserves constant monitoring and multi-faceted preventive strategies.
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Exotic pet owners, ranging from small mammals to reptiles, comprise a considerable portion of veterinary clients. Parasitic infections are a threat both for the animal health and the health of the owner. This study aimed to investigate... more
Exotic pet owners, ranging from small mammals to reptiles, comprise a considerable portion of veterinary clients. Parasitic infections are a threat both for the animal health and the health of the owner. This study aimed to investigate the gastrointestinal parasite species commonly encountered in exotic animal veterinary practice. Exotic pets' fecal samples were examined for fecal parasites macroscopically and microscopically by saline fecal smears, fecal floatation and specific staining. Chi-squared test to investigate the association between the presence and type of the parasites with host species and clinical symptoms (p < 0.05). Three hundred fecal samples, including 262 from small mammals, 37 from reptiles and 1 from primate were investigated for gastrointestinal endoparasites. The exotic pet species consisted of Lagomorpha (189/300; 63%), Rodentia (68/300; 22.66%), Reptilia (37/189; 12.33%), Eulipotyphla (4/300; 1.3%), a sugar glider and a marmoset. Thirty-nine samples were found to be infected with at least one gastrointestinal parasite (13%). Parasites observed in the feces of exotic pets included oocysts, strongyle-shaped eggs, oxyurid eggs (Passalurus ambiguous) and cestode eggs. A sample from a guinea pig was diagnosed to be infected with Cryptosporidium sp. There was no significant association between clinical symptoms and host species with parasite infection (p > 0.05). Considering the continuous species alteration, the unidentified sources of the pets in the market, and the potential of zoonotic infections periodical surveys on the common pet species and their parasitic infection are inevitable. Subclinical intestinal parasites in pet animals may alter the well-being of the companion animal if adjoined with poor management. Usually there is no need for anti-parasitic therapy in an animal without clinical signs, but regular diagnostic tests for parasites are advisable for effective veterinary practice.
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Sex has been reported to influence the clinical chemistry of several species of fish. Whether sex impacts serum biochemistry composition and electrolyte profile of Heterobranchus longifilis is not well captured in the literature. This... more
Sex has been reported to influence the clinical chemistry of several species of fish. Whether sex impacts serum biochemistry composition and electrolyte profile of Heterobranchus longifilis is not well captured
in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sex on the clinical chemistry composition and electrolyte profile of hybrid catfish, Heterobranchus longifilis. Blood samples were collected and biochemically analyzed. The analytes analyzed included alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate
aminotransferase, creatinine, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, serum protein,
albumin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and urea. Uric acid, bicarbonate, Chloride, Sodium, and Potassium from 40 healthy Heterobranchus longifilis (20 males and
20 females). The males and females were not reproductively active at the time of sampling (None of the females had eggs). Most clinical chemistry analytes and electrolyte profiles of Heterobranchus longifilis showed differences between male and female values even though only a few (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, triglyceride, and uric acid) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Based on the findings in this study, we suggest that sexual differences affect the clinical chemistry and electrolyte profile of Heterobranchus longifilis. Hence, sexual differences should be taken into consideration during
sampling in both natural and experimental studies in Heterobranchus longifilis.
in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sex on the clinical chemistry composition and electrolyte profile of hybrid catfish, Heterobranchus longifilis. Blood samples were collected and biochemically analyzed. The analytes analyzed included alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate
aminotransferase, creatinine, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, serum protein,
albumin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and urea. Uric acid, bicarbonate, Chloride, Sodium, and Potassium from 40 healthy Heterobranchus longifilis (20 males and
20 females). The males and females were not reproductively active at the time of sampling (None of the females had eggs). Most clinical chemistry analytes and electrolyte profiles of Heterobranchus longifilis showed differences between male and female values even though only a few (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, triglyceride, and uric acid) were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Based on the findings in this study, we suggest that sexual differences affect the clinical chemistry and electrolyte profile of Heterobranchus longifilis. Hence, sexual differences should be taken into consideration during
sampling in both natural and experimental studies in Heterobranchus longifilis.
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The herein research was carried out in order to identified the presence of bacteria inside prepuce cavity of male caprine in both mature and pubertal age with focusing on Klebsilla and E coli species. Eighty prepuce swabs (fifty form... more
The herein research was carried out in order to identified the presence of bacteria inside prepuce cavity of male caprine in both mature and pubertal age with focusing on Klebsilla and E coli species. Eighty prepuce swabs (fifty form mature and thirty from pubertal age) before slaughtering and cultured on blood agar and nutrient agar, bacterial isolation were identified with biochemical teats and finally by PCR. The present study found a significant difference (p < 0.01) between the prepuce swabs from caprine mature age (64%) and pubertal age (40%). Six various microorganisms were detected in prepuce samples in mature age, while four types were isolated from pubertal age. Positive isolation swabs detected the presence of Staphylococcus aurues, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus faecalis in both ages. Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumonia was isolated from mature age only. Significant isolation (p < 0.01) was appear of Escherichia coli among all different bacterial types. This research deduce that there was that the presence of bacteria inside prepuce of male genital system in both mature and pubertal age and their where a balance between genital immunity and localization of these bacteria and any stress factor may be lead to infection with such microbes, more over the mature male had more bacterial types due to the male matting behavior, finally the E. coli normally found in prepuce cavity as a normal flora of both ages and the Klebsilla species also found in mature age as a non-specific bacterial types.
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CLA is an economically and zoonotically important disease in the world. The lack of a therapeutic procedure limits the treatment mainly to surgical intervention. Therapeutic efficacies of the intra-abscess instillation of O 3-oil and H 2... more
CLA is an economically and zoonotically important disease in the world. The lack of a therapeutic procedure limits the treatment mainly to surgical intervention. Therapeutic efficacies of the intra-abscess instillation of O 3-oil and H 2 O 2-gly in CLA in small ruminants were tested. One hundred eighty affected sheep and goats were allocated to five groups as follows: 1) NC (no intervention), 2) PC1 (injection of olive oil), 3) PC2 (injection of glycerin), 4) injection of O 3-oil, 5) injection of H 2 O 2-gly. Samples of abscess contents were collected for microbiological examination prior to injection. The VAs were measured on T0, then with twoweek intervals on T1 and T2. On T0 and T2, VAs were as NC (2.9 ± 0.5; 3.5 ± 0.5), PC1 (3.4 ± 0.7; 6.6 ± 1), PC2 (3.1 ± 0.7; 3.3 ± 0.9), O 3-oil (3.3 ± 0.4; 0.4 ± 0.4), and H 2 O 2-gly (4.6 ± 0.4, 1.5 ± 0.4). Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease in VAs, merely in treatment groups. CP was recovered in 48.3% of bacteriological samples. The results of this study suggested that O 3-oil and H 2 O 2-gly would be reliable therapeutic agents for treating and controlling CLA. Ozone showed apparently a higher efficacy and caused more rapid shrinkage/recession of the abscesses, compared to hydrogen peroxide..
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In this study, the effects of monosaccharides, including glucose and fructose, and disaccharides, namely sucrose and trehalose, in eight Tris media on the motility patterns of small ruminants spermatozoa were investigated. Fresh and... more
In this study, the effects of monosaccharides, including glucose and fructose, and disaccharides, namely sucrose and trehalose, in eight Tris media on the motility patterns of small ruminants spermatozoa were investigated. Fresh and chilled semen samples from five Awassi rams and five Shami bucks were diluted in TBM and TEY containing 50 mM of the four different sugar types. The characteristics of spermatozoa motility were analyzed using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer (CASA). Fresh ram spermatozoa incubated in a TBM-fructose medium had the highest CASA values with no differences between the motility values generated from the fructose-and glucose-supplemented media. Trehalose reduced the values of velocity parameters, including VAP, VCL, and VSL for fresh ram sperm. Sucrose was the most influential sugar in raising the values of motility parameters MOT%, PMOT%, VAP, VCL, and VSL for fresh bucks spermatozoa, while trehalose generally had an important positive effect on chilled buck sperms. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were recorded for sperm trajectory parameters where the values of STR% and LIN% for the two ruminant species and the two spermatozoa types did not significantly differ between the eight media. It was concluded that during the first hours of in vitro incubation and based on the incubation temperature, the velocity parameters of small ruminant spermatozoa were the most affected CASA characteristics by monosaccharides and disaccharides supplementations in Tris semen media.
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We performed this study to evaluate the effects of melatonin on oxidative stress and haematological responses following an exercise of 2000 m at maximum speed. Eighteen untrained, clinically healthy stallions of the Arabian breed with a... more
We performed this study to evaluate the effects of melatonin on oxidative stress and haematological responses following an exercise of 2000 m at maximum speed. Eighteen untrained, clinically healthy stallions
of the Arabian breed with a mean body weight of 401 ± 32.11 kg (395–404 kg) and an age range of 5.7–0.54 years (5–6 years) were used in this research. The subjects were divided into three groups of six stallions each.
Group I (MTEX) was treated with melatonin at a dose rate of 0.03 mg/kg orally once daily for one month.
Group II (NMTX) was not administered melatonin but exercised, while the last group (OMTX) was neither administered melatonin nor exercised. The results obtained show that post-exercise, the biomarkers of
oxidative stress evaluated were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the MTEX group than in the NMTX group.
The leucocyte count, neutrophil counts, and the ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte were higher (p < 0.05) in the NMTX group than in the MTEX group. Furthermore, it was recorded that packed cell volume and the
total erythrocyte count were statistically higher (p < 0.05) in the MTEX group than in the NMTX group.
Therefore, we concluded that melatonin ameliorated oxidative stress and some haematological parameters will be beneficial to horses subjected to the stress of exercise.
of the Arabian breed with a mean body weight of 401 ± 32.11 kg (395–404 kg) and an age range of 5.7–0.54 years (5–6 years) were used in this research. The subjects were divided into three groups of six stallions each.
Group I (MTEX) was treated with melatonin at a dose rate of 0.03 mg/kg orally once daily for one month.
Group II (NMTX) was not administered melatonin but exercised, while the last group (OMTX) was neither administered melatonin nor exercised. The results obtained show that post-exercise, the biomarkers of
oxidative stress evaluated were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the MTEX group than in the NMTX group.
The leucocyte count, neutrophil counts, and the ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte were higher (p < 0.05) in the NMTX group than in the MTEX group. Furthermore, it was recorded that packed cell volume and the
total erythrocyte count were statistically higher (p < 0.05) in the MTEX group than in the NMTX group.
Therefore, we concluded that melatonin ameliorated oxidative stress and some haematological parameters will be beneficial to horses subjected to the stress of exercise.
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Considering the beneficial effects of Apium graveolens L. (Celery) on the nervous system, this study elucidates the protective effect of CEO on the experimental model of cuprizone-induced MS in male C57BL/6 mice. Frothy mice were... more
Considering the beneficial effects of Apium graveolens L. (Celery) on the nervous system, this study elucidates the protective effect of CEO on the experimental model of cuprizone-induced MS in male C57BL/6 mice. Frothy mice were allocated into four experimental groups: control, cuprizone (chew pellet containing 0.2 %CPZ), CEO (800 mg/kg), and
CPZ+CEO. Animals received treatments based on their groups for 5 weeks. Finally, reflexive motor behavior and serum antioxidant levels were determined. Based on the findings, ambulation score, hind-limb suspension, front limb suspension, and grip strength significantly decreed in the mice treated with CPZ (p < 0.05). Hind limb foot angle, surface
rights, and negative geotaxis significantly increased in the animals treated with CPZ (p < 0.05). Co-administration of CPZ+CEO significantly reduced the adverse effects of CPZ on ambulation score, surface righting, hind limb suspension, grip strength, and negative geotaxis (p < 0.05). Co-administration of CPZ+CEO significantly diminished the adverse ef-
fects of CPZ on the number of crosses in the open field test and duration on the rotarod (p < 0.05). Serum MDA activity increased while GPx, SOD, and TAS decreased in the mice treated with CPZ (p < 0.05). Co-administration of CPZ+CEO significantly reduced the adverse effects of CPZ on serum antioxidant levels (p < 0.05). These results suggested the protective effect of CEO against CPZ-induced MS mediated by its antioxidant activity
CPZ+CEO. Animals received treatments based on their groups for 5 weeks. Finally, reflexive motor behavior and serum antioxidant levels were determined. Based on the findings, ambulation score, hind-limb suspension, front limb suspension, and grip strength significantly decreed in the mice treated with CPZ (p < 0.05). Hind limb foot angle, surface
rights, and negative geotaxis significantly increased in the animals treated with CPZ (p < 0.05). Co-administration of CPZ+CEO significantly reduced the adverse effects of CPZ on ambulation score, surface righting, hind limb suspension, grip strength, and negative geotaxis (p < 0.05). Co-administration of CPZ+CEO significantly diminished the adverse ef-
fects of CPZ on the number of crosses in the open field test and duration on the rotarod (p < 0.05). Serum MDA activity increased while GPx, SOD, and TAS decreased in the mice treated with CPZ (p < 0.05). Co-administration of CPZ+CEO significantly reduced the adverse effects of CPZ on serum antioxidant levels (p < 0.05). These results suggested the protective effect of CEO against CPZ-induced MS mediated by its antioxidant activity
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Pain is a severe symptom of many diseases, with an increasing percentage of people manifesting various types of pain. Medicinal plants provide analgesic potential with little toxicity. We performed this experiment to compare the... more
Pain is a severe symptom of many diseases, with an increasing percentage of people manifesting various types of pain.
Medicinal plants provide analgesic potential with little toxicity. We performed this experiment to compare the analge-sic activities of Lawsonia inermis, Waltheria indica, Moringa oleifera, and Nigella sativa in Wistar rats using writhing and paw lick responses. We grouped 21 adult female rats into seven groups (n=3), including uninduced and untreated
rats (group 1), induced untreated rats (group 2), rats treated by Lawsonia inermis at 200 mg/kg (group 3), rats treated withWaltheria indica at 200 mg/kg (group 4), rats treated with Nigella sativa at 200 mg/kg (group 5), rats treated with Moringa oleifera at 200 mg/kg (group 6), and rats treated with diclofenac at 10 mg/kg (group 7). We dosed rats for 14
days after inducing the pain. Phytochemical screening showed that methanolic extracts of Lawsonia inermis, Moringa
oleifera, and ethanolic extract of Waltheria indica contain: Alkaloid, saponin, steroid, tannin, flavonoid, phenols, ter-
pene, and glycosides. The rate of weight gain in rats treated with M. oleifera and W. indica was 7%, and with diclofenac was 9% compared to the untreated control. L. inermis and N. sativa possessed a weight gain of 3% and 2%, respectively.
All the extracts exhibited analgesic activities by significantly reducing the number of lick and writh in the order of Lawsonia inermis, Nigella sativa, Moringa oleifera, and Waltheria indica.This study concluded that Lawsonia inermis possess significant analgesic activities compared to other plants and the standard drug (diclofenac).
Medicinal plants provide analgesic potential with little toxicity. We performed this experiment to compare the analge-sic activities of Lawsonia inermis, Waltheria indica, Moringa oleifera, and Nigella sativa in Wistar rats using writhing and paw lick responses. We grouped 21 adult female rats into seven groups (n=3), including uninduced and untreated
rats (group 1), induced untreated rats (group 2), rats treated by Lawsonia inermis at 200 mg/kg (group 3), rats treated withWaltheria indica at 200 mg/kg (group 4), rats treated with Nigella sativa at 200 mg/kg (group 5), rats treated with Moringa oleifera at 200 mg/kg (group 6), and rats treated with diclofenac at 10 mg/kg (group 7). We dosed rats for 14
days after inducing the pain. Phytochemical screening showed that methanolic extracts of Lawsonia inermis, Moringa
oleifera, and ethanolic extract of Waltheria indica contain: Alkaloid, saponin, steroid, tannin, flavonoid, phenols, ter-
pene, and glycosides. The rate of weight gain in rats treated with M. oleifera and W. indica was 7%, and with diclofenac was 9% compared to the untreated control. L. inermis and N. sativa possessed a weight gain of 3% and 2%, respectively.
All the extracts exhibited analgesic activities by significantly reducing the number of lick and writh in the order of Lawsonia inermis, Nigella sativa, Moringa oleifera, and Waltheria indica.This study concluded that Lawsonia inermis possess significant analgesic activities compared to other plants and the standard drug (diclofenac).
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This study explored the potential contribution of Orx1R within vlPAG to the learning and memory of animals with chronic migraine-like pain. Migraine was induced by repeated i.p. administration of nitroglycerin (5 mg/kg). Passive avoidance... more
This study explored the potential contribution of Orx1R within vlPAG to the learning and memory of animals with chronic migraine-like pain. Migraine was induced by repeated i.p. administration of nitroglycerin (5 mg/kg). Passive avoidance adeptness was evaluated in the shuttle box maze. The spatial memory performance was estimated using MWM tests. In the MWM task, NTG-injected rats revealed an imperative increase in escape latency and traveled the distance to catch the stage and a decrease in the time spent to pass into the goal zone in comparison to the control animals. Such NTG-evoked responses were attenuated by the post-treating intra-vlPAG injection of orexin A at 100 but not 25 and 50 pM. Furthermore, in the shuttle box test, NTG-treated rats showed eversion memory retrieval impairment as
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Cancer immunotherapy emerged as a novel therapeutic approach to destroy tumor cells, and it has grown toward clinical transition following successful fundamental research and clinical trials. Immunotherapy by efficacious adjuvants is... more
Cancer immunotherapy emerged as a novel therapeutic approach to destroy tumor cells, and it has grown toward clinical transition following successful fundamental research and clinical trials. Immunotherapy by efficacious adjuvants is critical for increasing protective immune responses against infectious diseases and cancers. STING and TLR9 agonists are interesting candidates for novel immunotherapies of cancers. In this study, the antitumoral effects of ADU-S100, as a potent STING agonist, and CpG ODN1826, as a TLR9 agonist, in single and combined forms in CT-26 colon adenocarcinoma model were evaluated. This model was induced in female BALB/c mice which were divided into five groups treated with PBS, ADU-S100 (20 and 40 μg), CpG ODN (40 μg), and ADU-S100 (20 μg)+CpG ODN (20 μg).The tumor volumes and weights of mice were measured every other day. On the 30th day, the tumor, spleen, and liver tissues of mice were isolated for histopathological assessment. Hematological analysis was performed on heart blood.
Intratumoral injection of agonists induced significant tumor suppression in all treatment groups with profound effect in the combination group that received half concentration of single form. Moreover, the histopathological analysis of tumor tissues showed the presence of apoptotic and inflammatory cells and increased the number of lymphocytes in the blood samples of the treatment groups indicating the effective role of these agonists in clearing the tumor. Therefore, a such synergy of adjuvants may have an effective role in cancer immunotherapy and offer new perspectives on the combination of agonists that trigger innate immune sensors during malignancy.
Intratumoral injection of agonists induced significant tumor suppression in all treatment groups with profound effect in the combination group that received half concentration of single form. Moreover, the histopathological analysis of tumor tissues showed the presence of apoptotic and inflammatory cells and increased the number of lymphocytes in the blood samples of the treatment groups indicating the effective role of these agonists in clearing the tumor. Therefore, a such synergy of adjuvants may have an effective role in cancer immunotherapy and offer new perspectives on the combination of agonists that trigger innate immune sensors during malignancy.
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This study was carried out to examine the biofilm-forming ability, antimicrobial resistance, frequency of biofilm, and resistance genes, as well as the phylogenic grouping of Escherichia coli isolates originating from equine samples. In... more
This study was carried out to examine the biofilm-forming ability, antimicrobial resistance, frequency of biofilm, and resistance genes, as well as the phylogenic grouping of Escherichia coli isolates originating from equine samples. In total, 157 E. coli strains were isolated from fresh feces samples of healthy horses in northern Iran. The samples were examined in terms of biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility using a microtiter plate and disc-diffusion test, respectively. PCR amplification was adopted to find the genes that confer biofilm formation and resistance to β-lactam, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, quinolones, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim, and for phylogenetic analysis. More than 50% of isolates showed MDR phenotype. The most significant level of resistance was detected for streptomycin (59.87%),
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Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease in wild and domestic ruminants. Clinically, infected cattle show emaciation symptoms, diarrhea, and death. Asymptomatic subclinical cases can... more
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease in wild and domestic ruminants. Clinically, infected cattle show emaciation symptoms, diarrhea, and death. Asymptomatic subclinical cases can intermittently shed MAP through feces and milk and infect other cattle animals, thus increasing the risk of infection. The purpose of the present study was to detect the prevalence of this disease in dairy cattle. For this purpose, 348 samples were randomly collected from 15 cattle farms. All fecal samples were subjected to ZN staining and PCR of nucleotide sequences related to specific MAP gene fragments (IS900, F57) and were cultured in Harold's egg yolk culture medium after being disinfected with solution (0.0% HPC75). PCR testing of 116 fecal samples (33.3%, CI:95% 28.3-38.2), ZN staining of 23 samples (6.6%, CI: 95% 4-9.2), and fecal sample culture of only 15 samples (4.3%, CI:95% 2.3-6.3,) were infected with MAP. Comparison of test results showed poor agreement (kappa statistic: 0.19) between ZN staining and PCR results and poor agreement (kappa statistic: 0.13) between PCR test and fecal culture. This study highlights the advantages of PCR for detecting MAP in subclinically infected cattle compared to ZN staining and fecal culture. Therefore, it can be used for early detection and control of MAP in cattle and atrisk populations.
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In living organisms, the central control of nutrition is a highly complex and vital mechanism. Central control of nutrition occurs in various regions of the brain, with the hypothalamus being the most important of which is the... more
In living organisms, the central control of nutrition is a highly complex and vital mechanism. Central control of nutrition occurs in various regions of the brain, with the hypothalamus being the most important of which is the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus controls feeding behaviors through neural circuits, specialized nuclei, and central neurotransmitters. Different hypothalamic nuclei involved in regulating food intake include ARC, PVN, LHA, VMH, and DMH. The DMH influences feeding behavior by modulating the activity of different neurotransmitters in the brain. This nucleus receives both orexigenic and anorexic inputs through neural connections with the ARC and other regions of the brain. Due to its location in the brain, the ARC has access to nutritional inputs from the circulation. Within this nucleus, there exist two distinct neuronal populations, namely NPY and POMC. Different inputs from circulation affect two neuronal populations in the ARC. These inputs are related to second-order neurons, including DMH. The DMH integrates these inputs and sends the final output to PVN and LHA. Therefore, DMH affects the central control of feeding regulation through these neural pathways.
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Uterine Horn Intussusception in a Chihuahua Bitch Uterine horn intussusception has rarely been reported in bitches. However, the pathogenesis is not entirely clear and the incidence of uterine intussusception in bitches is unknown. This... more
Uterine Horn Intussusception in a Chihuahua Bitch Uterine horn intussusception has rarely been reported in bitches. However, the pathogenesis is not entirely clear and the incidence of uterine intussusception in bitches is unknown. This disorder occurs during the postpartum period and is a challenging clinical condition in terms of presentation, diagnosis, and management. In this report, a case of uterine horn intussusception is described in a four-year-old female Chihuahua bitch, which presented with abdominal pain, lethargy, anorexia, tremors, recumbency, and ongoing reddish vaginal discharge 20 days after whelping two pups. All the hematological and biochemical test results were within normal ranges except for a decreased calcium level. Ultrasonographic examination revealed the multilayered appearance of the uterine wall. The midline laparotomy confirmed the invagination of a proximal segment of the uterine horn into its distal segment near the uterine body. Ovariohysterectomy was performed as the recommended treatment. This case highlights the importance of assessing abdominal pain to avoid delay in diagnosis and management. Moreover, uterine intussusception should be considered as a differential diagnosis in bitches with the symptoms of abdominal pain during the postpartum period.
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There are few reports of ectopic fasciolosis in the lungs of ruminants. Here, we report a rare case of ectopic pulmonary migration of Fasciola sp. in a water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). In October 2021, during the routine veterinary... more
There are few reports of ectopic fasciolosis in the lungs of ruminants. Here, we report a rare case of ectopic pulmonary migration of Fasciola sp. in a water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). In October 2021, during the routine veterinary inspection of the carcass and edible offal of a 3-year-old female buffalo in Tabriz industrial slaughterhouse, Iran, a severe liver infection with Fasciola parasites was observed. They were diagnosed as Fasciola hepatica based on size and gross morphology. One 3-cm fluke was recovered from the caudal lobe of the buffalo's right lung. Histopathologically, chronic active pneumonia, along with mild interstitial fibrosis, alveolar septa and pleura thickening, and necrosis associated with severe mixed inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the affected lung. This case was observed for the first time in over 15 years of buffalo carcass inspection in the study area, indicating that pulmonary fasciolosis is rare in Bubalus bubalis.
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Mastitis is a global disease occurring in dairy cows, causing notable economic losses. Extensive use of antibiotics could allow the emergence of mobile antimicrobial resistance genes in mastitis-causing pathogens. This study aimed to... more
Mastitis is a global disease occurring in dairy cows, causing notable economic losses. Extensive use of antibiotics could allow the emergence of mobile antimicrobial resistance genes in mastitis-causing pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characterization of colistin resistance genes in E. coli recovered from bovine mastitic milk. A total of 74 E. coli isolates were investigated for antimicrobial resistance. The presence of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5 plasmid-mediated resistance genes, as the most crucial contributors to resistance to colistin, was examined by Multiplex PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of all isolates to the seven most common antibiotics applied in dairy herds, including colistin, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were determined by the DD test. Among all samples, 70 isolates (94.6%) were resistant to colistin. In the MIC test, all isolates were also resistant to colistin, which was in agreement with the DD test. None of the E. coli isolates carried plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mcr-1 to 5 genes in Multiplex PCR. Despite the important role of food-producing animals in the transfer of antibiotic resistance, mastitis-causing E. coli isolates were not the source of mcr 1 to 5 genes in this study. The present research showed a high level of phenotypic resistance to colistin, while there was no agreement with their genotypic resistance. Consumption of polymyxins in dairy calves and the probable existence of other more effective resistance genes could be the reason for this high rate of phenotypic resistance.
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The TiO2 NPs are widely used in many commercial products, nanomedicine, agriculture, personal care products, different industries, and pharmaceutical preparations with potential risks to human health and the environment. The present study... more
The TiO2 NPs are widely used in many commercial products, nanomedicine, agriculture, personal care products, different industries, and pharmaceutical preparations with potential risks to human health and the environment. The present study investigated the effects of different doses of TiO2 NPs on the liver, small intestine, and kidney tissues in the rat. The TiO2 NPs were administrated daily through gavage at the doses of 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg BW for 2 months. A total of 32 male rats were divided into four groups. After 60 days, rats were euthanized with CO 2 gas (Code of Ethics: IR UM.REC.1400.327). Histopathological examination of the kidney, small intestine, and hepatic tissues treated with TiO2 NPs showed toxic changes compared to the control group. Histopathological examination revealed hemorrhage in the liver, swelling in the kidney glomerulus, as well as inflammation and damage to the mitochondria in enterocytes. Further evaluations are needed to understand the impact of different doses of NPs on human health.
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During storage at low temperatures, the spermatozoa quality changes due to cold shock and free radicals. Diluent supplementation with antioxidants is an effort to maintain the quality of spermatozoa during storage. This study aimed to... more
During storage at low temperatures, the spermatozoa quality changes due to cold shock and free radicals. Diluent supplementation with antioxidants is an effort to maintain the quality of spermatozoa during storage. This study aimed to evaluate the α-tocopherol effect in CEP extender on sperm quality, membrane integrity, and lipid peroxidation during storage at 4°C-5°C. This was a laboratory experiment that compared the use of 2 mM of α-tocopherol in CEP with no addition of α-tocopherol (as control) in five bulls. Semen was collected from Brahman bulls, diluted in CEP with and without α-tocopherol, and stored at 4°C-5°C. Sperm motility and viability were investigated by a light microscope at a ×400 magnification using Eosin-Nigrosin staining. Moreover, membrane integrity was evaluated by lipid peroxidation using the MDA assay and hypoosmotic swelling test. The sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity were higher in CEP with α-tocopherol. Lipid peroxidation was significantly different between the treatment and control groups. The α-tocopherol supplementation in the diluent CEP could maintain the spermatozoa quality during storage at 4°C-5°C. α-tocopherol, Brahman bull, Cauda epididymal plasma, Frozen, Spermatozoa
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The current study radiographically and histologically evaluated the effects of meloxicam and flunixin meglumine on the repair of radial bone defects in a rabbit model. Ninety New Zealand White rabbits (10-12 months, 1.5-2.6 kg) were... more
The current study radiographically and histologically evaluated the effects of meloxicam and flunixin meglumine on the repair of radial bone defects in a rabbit model. Ninety New Zealand White rabbits (10-12 months, 1.5-2.6 kg) were randomly assigned into three groups. Following anesthesia, defects were created on the medial surface of the radius bone of the left forelimb with a diameter and depth of 3 mm. The animals were administrated meloxicam, flunixin meglumine, and physiological serum (positive control) subcutaneously each day for 10 days. Hematoxylin and Eosin and Goldner's trichrome stainings, along with radiograph images were prepared to investigate the effects of the administered agents. The results did not show callus formation in bone defects on days 3 and 7. Defects were filled in meloxicam and positive control groups on day 14, while they were filled on day 21 in the flunixin meglumine group. On days 14 and 21, the meloxicam group outperformed the flunixin meglumine group in terms of callus formation, but it was higher in the flunixin meglumine group on day 28. It could be concluded that the administration of meloxicam is less effective in delaying the bone healing process.
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Limited data is available on the prevalence of ESBL genes in the STEC isolates of ruminant origin. This study investigated the molecular prevalence of ESBL-encoding genes (bla CTX-M , bla TEM , bla SHV and bla OXA) and AMR of 58 STEC... more
Limited data is available on the prevalence of ESBL genes in the STEC isolates of ruminant origin. This study investigated the molecular prevalence of ESBL-encoding genes (bla CTX-M , bla TEM , bla SHV and bla OXA) and AMR of 58 STEC isolates recovered from cattle (n = 32), sheep and goats (n = 26). In the current study, ESBL genes were identified by the molecular technique. Moreover phenotypic AMR was tested by disc diffusion method against six antibiotics , namely amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, neomycin, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Phylogenetic groups were also determined by a PCR scheme. Isolates were categorized into five phylogroups of (A, B1, C, D, and E), with B1 being the most prevalent phylogenetic group (43; 74.1%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between phylogroup D and small ruminants (sheep and goats, p = 0.014). Moreover, the highest rates of antimicrobial resistance were related to tetracycline (25.9%) and neomycin (22.4%). Isolates resistant to tetracycline (p = 0.001), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (p = 0.013) and neomycin (p = 0.00) were significantly prevalent among strains recovered from cattle. In addition, the majority of multidrug-resistant strains also had a significant distribution among cattle isolates (p = 0.001). In the current study, the prevalence of ESBL positive STEC was 12.06% (7/58). Genes bla CTX-M and bla TEM were detected separately and in combination in bovine isolates. However, only one STEC strain of small ruminants harbored bla TEM. In conclusion, it seems that cattle isolates are notable sources of different AMR traits which could be a threat to veterinary sections, public health and food hygiene, in particular.
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Oestrosis is nasal myiasis, which results from infestation with the larvae of flies that belong to the genus Oestrus. Nasal discharge and sneezing are the most common clinical signs in infected animals. Myiasis larvae were collected from... more
Oestrosis is nasal myiasis, which results from infestation with the larvae of flies that belong to the genus Oestrus. Nasal discharge and sneezing are the most common clinical signs in infected animals. Myiasis larvae were collected from sheep in different climatic regions of Iran. Morphological identification of the larvae was made based on the diagnostic keys. The species was confirmed by PCR amplifying the partial fragment (610 bp) of the mtCO1 gene. Genetic distance was assessed in CO1 sequences, and a phylogenetic tree was drawn. Sequencing showed no difference in the partial CO1 gene among the Iranian isolates, and this gene had a high similarity with the sequences of O. ovis isolates from Iraq, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Croatia. The present study provided the first molecular dataset for O. ovis species, which is crucial for the phylogenetic relationships assessment and the molecular identification of these parasites.
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It has been documented that hemodynamic disturbances occur in hypovolemic patients. There- fore, the early management of hypovolemia is essential to achieve optimal outcomes. Blood gas, which changes rapidly during hemodynamic... more
It has been documented that hemodynamic disturbances occur in hypovolemic patients. There-
fore, the early management of hypovolemia is essential to achieve optimal outcomes. Blood gas,
which changes rapidly during hemodynamic instability, can be used as a diagnostic approach for
monitoring emergency patients. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the results of
resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) or lactated Ringer's solution (LR) on venous and
arterial blood gas. In addition, the difference between venous and arterial blood gas parameters is
investigated to assess the possibility of using venous blood gas analysis as a successor for arterial
blood gas analysis in the resuscitation of hypovolemic dogs. Venous and arterial pH, PO2, PCO2,
HCO3-, and base excess were analyzed at the end of each study stage as follow: 1) Establishment
of anesthesia, 2) Blood collection to an arterial mean pressure of 40-50 mm Hg, 3) Maintaining
dogs in a hypovolemic state, 4) Resuscitation with LR (group A) or HES (group B) in four steps,
and 5) One hour after the final resuscitation step. Hypovolemia decreased the studied parameters,
except venous PCO2, which showed a significant increase (p < 0.05). Fluid resuscitation returned the studied parameters to the control values as venous PCO2 in group A and HCO3- in group B showed a significant change in comparison with the control values (p < 0.05). We found that ve-nous pH, HCO3-, and PCO2 can be used as less invasive and safer alternatives to similar arterial parameters to monitor the fluid resuscitation of hypovolemic dogs.
fore, the early management of hypovolemia is essential to achieve optimal outcomes. Blood gas,
which changes rapidly during hemodynamic instability, can be used as a diagnostic approach for
monitoring emergency patients. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the results of
resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) or lactated Ringer's solution (LR) on venous and
arterial blood gas. In addition, the difference between venous and arterial blood gas parameters is
investigated to assess the possibility of using venous blood gas analysis as a successor for arterial
blood gas analysis in the resuscitation of hypovolemic dogs. Venous and arterial pH, PO2, PCO2,
HCO3-, and base excess were analyzed at the end of each study stage as follow: 1) Establishment
of anesthesia, 2) Blood collection to an arterial mean pressure of 40-50 mm Hg, 3) Maintaining
dogs in a hypovolemic state, 4) Resuscitation with LR (group A) or HES (group B) in four steps,
and 5) One hour after the final resuscitation step. Hypovolemia decreased the studied parameters,
except venous PCO2, which showed a significant increase (p < 0.05). Fluid resuscitation returned the studied parameters to the control values as venous PCO2 in group A and HCO3- in group B showed a significant change in comparison with the control values (p < 0.05). We found that ve-nous pH, HCO3-, and PCO2 can be used as less invasive and safer alternatives to similar arterial parameters to monitor the fluid resuscitation of hypovolemic dogs.
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing cassava pulp with cocoa pod and acacia leaf on the blood metabolites of WAD goats. Twenty-eight WAD bucks aged 5 months with the mean body weight of 7 ± 0.2 kg were... more
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing cassava pulp with cocoa pod and acacia leaf on the blood metabolites of WAD goats. Twenty-eight WAD bucks aged 5 months with the mean body weight of 7 ± 0.2 kg were used in this completely randomized experiment. The goats were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments in different ratios of 0:60:40 (T1), 10:50:40 (T2), 20:40:40 (T3), 30:30:40 (T4), 40:20:40 (T5), 50:10:40 (T6), and 60:0:40 (T7) g/kg DM. The collected data were analyzed by the analysis of variance using SPSS. The obtained results showed that the highest PCV was obtained from treatment 1 (26.83%), followed by treatments 2 (23.40%) and 3 (22.27%). Haemoglobin concentration was the highest in treatment 1 (11.4 g/dl), followed by treatments 2 (11.15 g/dl) and 3 (10.37 g/dl). At the end of the experiment, there was a sharp decline in the PCV and haemoglobin values of the goats in treatments 5, 6, and 7. RBC values significantly (p < 0.05) decreased as the levels of cocoa pod increased. Total protein and albumin had the ranges of 7.23-5 and 3.7-2.1 g/dl, respectively and and Total protein were significantly (p < 0.05) different among the groups. The hepatic enzymes ALT, ALP, and AST were within the normal range. Our study revealed that supplementing cassava pulp with cocoa pod and acacia leaf at the combinations of 0% cocoa pod, 60% cassava pulp, and 40% acacia leaf to 20% cocoa pod, 40% cassava pulp, and 40% acacia leaf had no negative effects on the blood profile of WAD goats.
Catamenial epilepsy may involve 10 to 70% of women with epilepsy in which, seizures are exacerbated by the menstrual cycle. Artemisinin is a herbal compound with widespread modern and traditional medical indications. Because of GABAergic... more
Catamenial epilepsy may involve 10 to 70% of women with epilepsy in which, seizures are exacerbated by the menstrual cycle. Artemisinin is a herbal compound with widespread modern and traditional medical indications. Because of GABAergic interaction, this study was designed to study the antiepileptic effects of artemisinin during the estrus cycle. 360 adult female mice in 10 groups: control, solvent (ethanol 10ml/kg) Artemisinin (75&150 mg/kg), Bicuculline (2mg/kg), Bicuculline (2mg/kg) + Atremisinin (75&150 mg/kg), Saclofen (2mg/kg), Saclofen(2mg/kg) + Atremisinin (75&150 mg/kg), each with four subgroups (proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus) were used(n=9). After one week of acclimatization, estrous synchronization and phase determination was achieved. Acute epilepsy was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of 80 mg/kg of Pentylentetrazole (PTZ), 30 minutes after i.p injection of artemisinin, and ethanol, then Initiation time of myoclonic seizures (ITMS), initiation time of tonic–clonic seizures (ITTS), seizures duration (SD) and mortality rate (MR) were recorded for 30 minutes. Data were displayed as mean ± SD and evaluated using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey–Kramer multiple comparison post hoc test (P<0.05).
Artemisinin significantly decreased epilepsy incidence, duration, and mortality rate, in parallel to increasing ITMS and ITTS dose-dependently, which were more prominent during the luteal phase. Co-administration of Biccucluline significantly inhibited antiepileptic effects of Artemisinin, while saclofen did not has such an inhibitory interaction. It seems that increased neurosteroid metabolites and GABA receptors, neural hyperpolarization following GABAA interaction, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties which decrease neuroinflammation and neural excitability can participate in the antiepileptic effects of artemisinin.
Artemisinin significantly decreased epilepsy incidence, duration, and mortality rate, in parallel to increasing ITMS and ITTS dose-dependently, which were more prominent during the luteal phase. Co-administration of Biccucluline significantly inhibited antiepileptic effects of Artemisinin, while saclofen did not has such an inhibitory interaction. It seems that increased neurosteroid metabolites and GABA receptors, neural hyperpolarization following GABAA interaction, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties which decrease neuroinflammation and neural excitability can participate in the antiepileptic effects of artemisinin.
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Among the causes of lameness in horses, those of arthrogenic origin, especially synovitis, which can progress to advanced joint damage such as osteoarthritis, are of importance in clinical practice. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the... more
Among the causes of lameness in horses, those of arthrogenic origin, especially synovitis, which can progress to advanced joint damage such as osteoarthritis, are of importance in clinical practice. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the early diagnosis, treatment and treatment outcomes of acute synovitis, which occur frequently in English and Arabian horses during the racing season. Within the scope of this study, 167 joints of 126 horses (39 English and 87 Arabian Thoroughbred) aged 2–4 who were diagnosed with acute synovitis were evaluated using clinical, radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations. The treatment protocol of the horses consisted of cold hydrotherapy and light pressure bandage at the beginning, followed by the administration of phenylbutazone and intra-articular corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid for 10 days while being at rest and only controlled gait was allowed. Although functional improvement was observed in all the horses following this treatment, subsequent relapses occurred in 22 cases. Consequently, it was found that it is important to comply with this treatment program and plan the treatment of acute synovitis in the early period. Controlled gaits, rather than absolute immobility, increase the success of the treatment, especially in horses at rest. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the relevant joint is not overburdened after the rest period in order to avoid relapses.
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Bovine paratuberculosis or Johne's disease is a pathology caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), which affects domestic and wild ruminants around the world. The clinical expression of MAP infection is characterized... more
Bovine paratuberculosis or Johne's disease is a pathology caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), which affects domestic and wild ruminants around the world. The clinical expression of MAP infection is characterized by chronic diarrhea that is unresponsive to treatment. The objective of the study was to establish the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine paratuberculosis in cattle herds of Tuta, Boyacá, Colombia. A descriptive cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was carried out, where 882 blood samples were taken from cattle of different racial and age groups. Blood samples were processed using the indirect ELISA technique (PARACHEK® 2 KIT Prionics commercial kit, Switzerland). The data obtained were analyzed with the statistical program EpinInfo®. In this study, a general seroprevalence of 3.1% was found, seropositivity in females of 3.6%, while the highest prevalence of antibodies against MAP occurred in individuals> 4 years (5%) and in the Jersey breed (4.8%). Individuals> 4 years of age were identified as a risk factor associated with MAP. Also, a statistical association was found between management and biosafety variables, such as pen management (P=0.01212846), feed with concentrate (P=0.01212846), and presence of diarrhea on the farm (P=0 .0485341893). It is concluded that the disease is present in the Zone, however, considering factors such as the chronicity of the disease and the diagnostic method used, it is expected that the number of infected animals is much higher than that presented in this work.