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Timothy  May
  • Department of History, Anthropology, & Philosophy
    University of North Georgia
    82 College Circle
    Dahlonega, GA 30597
    USA
  • 706-864-1913

Timothy May

In the 21 st century it is easy to look at the world and not be impressed by globalization. To fly from Atlanta to Mongolia takes only 24 hours, a trip that most people consider very long not only in distance but primarily in terms of... more
In the 21 st century it is easy to look at the world and not be impressed by globalization. To fly from Atlanta to Mongolia takes only 24 hours, a trip that most people consider very long not only in distance but primarily in terms of time and yet compared to a hundred years ago it is merely an inconvenience. Goods made in China stock the shelves of America and German style beer is produced in Mongolia and Korean pop songs are played around the world. Through the internet people are connected in ways that were unimagined just thirty years ago. Where once knowledge from a distant location came as a trickle now arrives in an inconceivable torrent. Yet, 850 years ago, the world was an entirely different place until the rise of Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Empire. While we cannot and should not make a direct comparison between the globalization of the thirteenth century and that of the twenty-first century, it is worth exploring how the world changed due to the global impact of Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Empire.
Drawing upon research carried out in several different languages and across a variety of disciplines, The Mongol World documents how Mongol rule shaped the trajectory of Eurasian history from Central Europe to the Korean Peninsula, from... more
Drawing upon research carried out in several different languages and across a variety of disciplines, The Mongol World documents how Mongol rule shaped the trajectory of Eurasian history from Central Europe to the Korean Peninsula, from the thirteenth century to the fifteenth century. Contributing authors consider how intercontinental environmental, economic, and intellectual trends affected the Empire as a whole and, where appropriate, situate regional political, social, and religious shifts within the context of the broader Mongol Empire. Issues pertaining to the Mongols and their role within the societies that they conquered therefore take precedence over the historical narratives of those societies. Alongside the formation, conquests, administration, and political structure of the Mongol Empire, the second section examines archaeology and art history, family and royal households, science and exploration, and religion, which provides greater insight into the social history of the Empire-an aspect often neglected by traditional dynastic and political histories. With 58 chapters written by both senior and early-career scholars, the volume is an essential resource for all students and scholars who study the Mongol Empire from its origins to its disintegration and legacy.
As the title implies, New Approaches to Ilkhanid History explores new methodologies and avenues of research for the Mongol state in the Middle East. Although the majority of the Ilkhanate was situated in Iran, this volume considers other... more
As the title implies, New Approaches to Ilkhanid History explores new methodologies and avenues of research for the Mongol state in the Middle East. Although the majority of the Ilkhanate was situated in Iran, this volume considers other regions within the state and moves away from focusing on the center and the Ilkhanid court. New consideration is given to the source material, particularly how they have been composed, but also how the sources can inform on the provinces of the Ilkhanate. Several authors also examine lower-tier personages, groups, and institutions.
The Mongols emerged from obscurity to establish the largest contiguous empire in history. Although they are now no longer viewed as simply an unbridled force of destruction, it remains unclear as to how they succeeded in ruling a empire... more
The Mongols emerged from obscurity to establish the largest contiguous empire in history. Although they are now no longer viewed as simply an unbridled force of destruction, it remains unclear as to how they succeeded in ruling a empire that stretched from the Sea of Japan to the Black Sea. This book investigates how the Mongol adopted and adapted different ruling strategies from previous Inner Asian empires as well as Chinese and Islamic Empires to rule an empire in which they were a distinct minority, and also investigates the processes by which this empire fragmented into an increasing number of states, many of which lasted into the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
As the largest contiguous empire in history, the Mongol Empire looms large in history: it permanently changed the map of Eurasia as well as how the world was viewed. As the empire expanded, the Mongols were alternately seen as liberators,... more
As the largest contiguous empire in history, the Mongol Empire looms large in history: it permanently changed the map of Eurasia as well as how the world was viewed. As the empire expanded, the Mongols were alternately seen as liberators, destroyers, and harbingers of apocalyptic doom. At the same time, they ushered in an era of religious tolerance and cross-cultural transmission. This book explores the rise and establishment of the Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan, as well as its expansion and evolution under his successors. It also examines the successor states (Ilkhanate, Chaghatayid Khanate, the Jochid Ulus (Golden Horde), and the Yuan Empire) from the dissolution of the empire in 1260 to the end of each state. They are compared in order to reveal how the empire functioned not only at the imperial level but how regional differences manifested.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
weight on single phrase in Hamdullah Mustawfi Qazvini’s Tarikh-i Guzida (oddly described by Tor as a post-Mongol source whereas in fact it dates to the reign of the Ilkhan Abu Sa‘id) that describes the ancestor of the Samanids as an... more
weight on single phrase in Hamdullah Mustawfi Qazvini’s Tarikh-i Guzida (oddly described by Tor as a post-Mongol source whereas in fact it dates to the reign of the Ilkhan Abu Sa‘id) that describes the ancestor of the Samanids as an ‘ayyar. This leads Tor to state “[the Samanids’] biographies proudly proclaim that the dynasty’s eponymous founder was an ‘ayyar” (p. 253, see also pp. 260–261). Qazvini is writing too late to be given much credence unless a stronger argument for this conjecture is made and no contemporary or near-contemporary, source, mention it. Indeed, Tor herself has very ably pointed out how the term ‘ayyar changes in meaning over time, so it is not even clear that what Qazvini means by this phrase is what she wants it to mean. A few minor technical flaws should be noted in an otherwise well-written and well produced book. The Arabic term al-hall wa-’l-’aqd is rather oddly translated as “all loosing and tying [i.e. the bannum]” (p. 224) rather than simply, and more comprehensibly, as “power”. At least in this reviewer’s copy, p. 158 is missing, meaning that Chapter Four grinds to a halt in mid-sentence. Finally, it is a great pity that the publishers chose not to provide an index, making easy reference to the rich material Tor has gathered much harder than is desirable. However, these criticisms apart, Tor’s book is a significant contribution to our understanding of the mediaeval Islamic east, and will be required reading for anyone researching the Saffarids, Samanids or the dissolution of the Caliphate. It gives a new context to our understanding of the so-called ‘Persian Renaissance’, and is in sum an impressive work of scholarship.
cances of the two monasteries’ thirteenth-century renovations. Still, their Gothic architectural details receive here only passing description, and certainly no metaphysical analysis. Whereas Adams’s account of twelfth-century France... more
cances of the two monasteries’ thirteenth-century renovations. Still, their Gothic architectural details receive here only passing description, and certainly no metaphysical analysis. Whereas Adams’s account of twelfth-century France included a chapter on Abelard, Jordan remains silent on Thomas Aquinas and the intellectual life of the university. Jordan, in other words, never offers his paired monastic houses as emblems of an entire (and idealized) age. Instead, Jordan enlists these two monasteries, their abbots, and especially their documents to trace a new and privileged path through the political history of later thirteenth-century England and France. Jordan has given us another of his own classics, a refreshing account of a well-known era. david c. mengel Xavier University
Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqari (r. 1260–1277) was, without question, the most successful and perhaps most brilliant of the Mamluk sultans of Egypt and Syria. Brought into the Middle East as a slave, he emerged as a fierce scourge of the... more
Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqari (r. 1260–1277) was, without question, the most successful and perhaps most brilliant of the Mamluk sultans of Egypt and Syria. Brought into the Middle East as a slave, he emerged as a fierce scourge of the Crusaders and the kingdom of Cilicia (Little Armenia). In addition, he successfully defended Syria against the Mongols. His success lay not only in his cunning, but a series of military reforms that transformed the Mamluks into arguably the finest soldiers in the medieval world. Keywords: thirteenth century; crusades; war
Timur, often referred to as Tamerlane, attempted to resurrect the Mongol Empire in the late fourteenth century. His career is remarkable in that he almost accomplished this, since he conquered an empire stretching from the Syr Darya to... more
Timur, often referred to as Tamerlane, attempted to resurrect the Mongol Empire in the late fourteenth century. His career is remarkable in that he almost accomplished this, since he conquered an empire stretching from the Syr Darya to the Mediterranean while defeating ...
Timur nacio bajo el kanato de Chagatai y durante su juventud adquirio una valiosa experiencia de mando como bandido y ladron de ganado, si bien buena parte de sus comienzos estan rodeados de leyenda. Herido en la pierna y en el brazo, lo... more
Timur nacio bajo el kanato de Chagatai y durante su juventud adquirio una valiosa experiencia de mando como bandido y ladron de ganado, si bien buena parte de sus comienzos estan rodeados de leyenda. Herido en la pierna y en el brazo, lo que le valio el nombre de Timur el Cojo, se convirtio en la mano derecha de su cunado Amir Husain, lider de los karaunes. La alianza entre ambos fue efimera y se saldo con la muerte de Husain y el triunfo de Timur. Se estableceria como gobernante de Transoxiana, aunque sin recibir el titulo de kan. Volcado en la expansion de su reino, supo gobernar con mano firme y amoldarse a las circunstancias. Su recuerdo, asociado a las piramides de craneos, empana su genio militar y su monumental programa constructivo en Samarcanda.
Covering the rise and fall of the Mongol Empire, this essential reference presents the figures, places, and events that led this once-beleaguered region to rise up to become the largest contiguous empire in history. * Introduces key... more
Covering the rise and fall of the Mongol Empire, this essential reference presents the figures, places, and events that led this once-beleaguered region to rise up to become the largest contiguous empire in history. * Introduces key figures, including women and lesser known members of the military and government * Contains a broad selection of annotated primary documents to foster student research * Provides an overview of the sovereignty and its institutional structures * Summarizes many of the battles fought by the Mongol Empire
The Mongol armies that established the largest land empire in history, stretching across Asia and into eastern Europe, are imperfectly understood. Often they are viewed as screaming throngs of horsemen who swept over opponents by sheer... more
The Mongol armies that established the largest land empire in history, stretching across Asia and into eastern Europe, are imperfectly understood. Often they are viewed as screaming throngs of horsemen who swept over opponents by sheer force of numbers rather than as disciplined regiments that carried out planned and practised manoeuvres. In this pioneering book, Timothy May demonstrates that the Mongol military developed from a tribal levy into a disciplined and complex military organization. He describes the make-up of the Mongol army from its inception to the demise of the Mongol empire, and he shows how it was the strength, quality and versatility of Mongol military organization that made them the pre-eminent warriors of their time. 'The definitive study of the Mongol legacy' - Publishers Weekly
Grygiel has produced an interesting study of modern “barbarians” and how to deal with them. He defines barbarians as “small, highly mobile groups that often were not settled in a fixed place” (1), explaining their re-appearance by the... more
Grygiel has produced an interesting study of modern “barbarians” and how to deal with them. He defines barbarians as “small, highly mobile groups that often were not settled in a fixed place” (1), explaining their re-appearance by the dissolution of the trends that once favored modern states (1). The new conditions include the availability of “lethal technology, inaccessible spaces that make state governance more arduous, and the appeal of nonmaterial objects” (1). Thus, for Grygiel, barbarism has little to do with culture or level of technology but with mobility and violence. By modern barbarians, he means violent actors; though not specifically naming them, Grygiel is clearly referring to Islamist groups such as the Taliban, ISIS, and their ilk. He argues that an examination of the methods used by the Roman Empire against barbarians merit consideration in the modern era. After an introductory chapter that properly lays out the goals of the book, the rest of the book consists of seven chapters (the last being the conclusion): The first chapter examines the “premodern strategic environment”; the second identifies “barbarians” and their character; the third considers whether pre-modern conditions, in terms of states and power, have returned; the fourth chapter covers decentralization; and the fifth chapter studies how three saints (Augustine of Hippo, Sidonius Apollinaris of Gaul, and Severinus of Noricum) dealt with barbarians in a decreasingly decentralized Roman Empire; the sixth reviews settlements, local forces, fortifications, and the alteration of the environment. Although Grygiel jumps back and forth between the modern and premodern eras throughout the book, his argument and analysis remain coherent. He also expands his case studies to include the Comanches on the frontier of the United States and the Spanish Empire, but curiously omits Mexico in the nineteenth century. His final example, which is discussed only in the most general terms, is China’s handling of the steppe groups that largely originated in Mongolia. He seems usually to refer to the Ming but makes the mistake of lumping the policies of various dynasties together without recognizing their differences in vision, power, and intention. Grygiel makes an honest effort but ultimately falls short. His failure to subject his new barbarians to a thorough examination results in his failure to see the weakness of his model. Groups such as ISIS and the Taliban are indigenous to their regions. The Taliban remain predominantly Pashtun and ISIS (at the time of the review) largely Arab-based in Iraq and Syria. To be sure, both groups have received reinforcement from other ethnicities and other countries. Al-Qaeda, being a decentralized entity, is not indigenous to a specific territory, but remains predominantly Arab. None of the groups can be classified in the samemanner as the pre-modern
relevant topic today. Chapter Five’s account of the East India Company’s use of public art to legitimise its territorial conquests provides a striking counterpoint to the now established literature dealing with art’s involvement in the... more
relevant topic today. Chapter Five’s account of the East India Company’s use of public art to legitimise its territorial conquests provides a striking counterpoint to the now established literature dealing with art’s involvement in the rise of the nation-state. By exploring this relationship between art, global capitalism, and colonial power, McAleer’s book not only elucidates one of the more idiosyncratic aspects of Britain’s imperial past, but opens questions about the multifaceted relationship between culture, capital, and power. ty260@cam.ac.uk
... depictions of the Mongols, the study focuses more on what is not expHcitedly stated in the text; this often tells us more about the world view of the participants than the obvious details. TimothyMay Endgame. Britain, Russia and the... more
... depictions of the Mongols, the study focuses more on what is not expHcitedly stated in the text; this often tells us more about the world view of the participants than the obvious details. TimothyMay Endgame. Britain, Russia and the Final Struggle for Central Asia. ...
The Mongol Empire (c. 1200-1350) in many ways marks the beginning of the modern age, as well as globalization. While communications between the extremes of Eurasia existed prior to the Mongols, they were infrequent and often through... more
The Mongol Empire (c. 1200-1350) in many ways marks the beginning of the modern age, as well as globalization. While communications between the extremes of Eurasia existed prior to the Mongols, they were infrequent and often through intermediaries. The rise of the Mongol Empire changed everything: through their conquests the Mongols swept away dozens of empires and kingdoms and replaced them with the largest contiguous empire in history. While the Mongols were the most destructive force in the pre-modern world, the Pax Mongolica had stabilizing effects on the social, cultural and economic life of the inhabitants of the vast territory, allowing merchants and missionaries to traverse Eurasia. The conquests also set in motion other changes in warfare, medicine, food, culture and scientific knowledge. When Mongol power declined, it was replaced with over a dozen successors who retained elements of the Mongol Empire, but none of its unity. The Mongol Conquest in World History examines the many ways in which the conquests were a catalyst for change. The memory of the Empire fired the collective mind into far-reaching endeavours: the desire for luxury goods and spices that were once available launched Columbus' voyages; the Renaissance was inspired by the innovations in art that emerged from the Mongol Empire: China was unified for the first time in 300 years and the Islamic world doubled in size. This fascinating book offers comprehensive coverage of the entire empire, rather than a more regional approach, as well as providing a long view of the Mongol Empire's legacy. It will appeal to all those interested in this vast, epoch-making empire, as well as specialists in the field.
The chapter examine themes in early modern warfare in Inner Asia in relation to the Early Modern Military Revolution thesis.
Timur nacio bajo el kanato de Chagatai y durante su juventud adquirio una valiosa experiencia de mando como bandido y ladron de ganado, si bien buena parte de sus comienzos estan rodeados de leyenda. Herido en la pierna y en el brazo, lo... more
Timur nacio bajo el kanato de Chagatai y durante su juventud adquirio una valiosa experiencia de mando como bandido y ladron de ganado, si bien buena parte de sus comienzos estan rodeados de leyenda. Herido en la pierna y en el brazo, lo que le valio el nombre de Timur el Cojo, se convirtio en la mano derecha de su cunado Amir Husain, lider de los karaunes. La alianza entre ambos fue efimera y se saldo con la muerte de Husain y el triunfo de Timur. Se estableceria como gobernante de Transoxiana, aunque sin recibir el titulo de kan. Volcado en la expansion de su reino, supo gobernar con mano firme y amoldarse a las circunstancias. Su recuerdo, asociado a las piramides de craneos, empana su genio militar y su monumental programa constructivo en Samarcanda.

And 89 more

Although the early Ming Empire is often portrayed as xenophobic and virulently anti-Mongol, David M. Robinson's recent publication demonstrates that the reality was far more complicated than the Ming sources portray. This work examines... more
Although the early Ming Empire is often portrayed as xenophobic and virulently anti-Mongol, David M. Robinson's recent publication demonstrates that the reality was far more complicated than the Ming sources portray. This work examines how the early Ming Empire engaged with the Mongol nobility near and far during the Ming's first sixty years. Rather than offering an institutional history, Robinson studies the emperors and their relationships with the Mongol nobility, also known as "men from afar," and how these relationships shaped the emperors' style of rule and even their identity. While the first Ming emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang, certainly had extensive contacts with Mongol "men from afar," Robinson focuses on the careers of the six emperors who followed him. As they are less studied, Robinson's book sheds light on them not only out of the shadow of Zhu Yuanzhang, but also as his approach examines them in the context imperial foreign policy and personal connections rather than through domestic rule. Robinson describes the "men from afar" thusly: "They could be elite members of foreign polities, leading figures from migrant communities that lived and served within the imperial polity, or both. Their foreign origins, whether recent or distant, distinguished them from the emperor and the majority population." (3) The monograph consists of five chapters accompanied by an Introduction and Conclusion as well as two maps. The first map depicts China and Inner Asia in the fifteenth century with sufficient detail to follow Robinson's discussion. The second shows Ming campaigns into the steppes. In both cases, the maps are clear and serve their purpose. The Introduction lucidly lays out Robinson's research plan and methodology. Both specialists and non-specialists benefit from his reminder that despite decades of scholarship that has revealed the Ming maintained ties throughout eastern Eurasia, the common perception remains that the Ming maintained a high degree of self-imposed isolation with respect to its neighbors. As
It's a book review of Wang's Wake of the Mongols.  Not very abstract.
Publikationsansicht. 22354161. The Royal Hunt in Eurasian History (review) (2007). May, Timothy. Abstract. The Journal of Military History - Volume 71, Number 1, January 2007. Details der Publikation. ...
... depictions of the Mongols, the study focuses more on what is not expHcitedly stated in the text; this often tells us more about the world view of the participants than the obvious details. TimothyMay Endgame. Britain, Russia and the... more
... depictions of the Mongols, the study focuses more on what is not expHcitedly stated in the text; this often tells us more about the world view of the participants than the obvious details. TimothyMay Endgame. Britain, Russia and the Final Struggle for Central Asia. ...
A hefty book with a hefty title, The Horse, The Wheel, and Language is an intriguing quest to determine the origins and homeland of the original Indo-European people. The title of the book focuses on three contributions made by the early... more
A hefty book with a hefty title, The Horse, The Wheel, and Language is an intriguing quest to determine the origins and homeland of the original Indo-European people. The title of the book focuses on three contributions made by the early Indo-Europeans and how their migra- ...
Ussama Makdisi's Artillery of Heaven is an impressively researched and elegantly written account of the encounter between nineteenth-century US missionaries to the Ottoman Empire and the people they attempted to evangelize. The... more
Ussama Makdisi's Artillery of Heaven is an impressively researched and elegantly written account of the encounter between nineteenth-century US missionaries to the Ottoman Empire and the people they attempted to evangelize. The center of the book is the story of As'ad Shidyaq, ...
... depictions of the Mongols, the study focuses more on what is not expHcitedly stated in the text; this often tells us more about the world view of the participants than the obvious details. TimothyMay Endgame. Britain, Russia and the... more
... depictions of the Mongols, the study focuses more on what is not expHcitedly stated in the text; this often tells us more about the world view of the participants than the obvious details. TimothyMay Endgame. Britain, Russia and the Final Struggle for Central Asia. ...
This book offers a comprehensive overview of the different aspects of human-animal interactions in Asia throughout history. With twelve thematically-arranged chapters, it examines the diverse roles that beasts, livestock, and fish ― real... more
This book offers a comprehensive overview of the different aspects of human-animal interactions in Asia throughout history. With twelve thematically-arranged chapters, it examines the diverse roles that beasts, livestock, and fish ― real and metaphorical--have played in Asian history, society, and culture.
Ranging from prehistory to the present day, the authors address a wealth of topics including the domestication of animals, dietary practices and sacrifice, hunting, the use of animals in war, and the representation of animals in literature and art. Providing a unique perspective on human interaction with the environment, this volume is cross-disciplinary in its reach, offering enriching insights to the fields of animal ethics, Asian studies, world history and more.


CONTENT

1. Animals and Human Society in Asia: An Overview and Premises

PART I: HUNTING AND DOMESTICATION
2. When Elephants Roamed Asia: The Significance of Proboscideans in Diet, Culture and Cosmology in Paleolithic Asia (by Ran Barkai)
3. Hunting to Herding to Trading to Warfare: A Chronology of Animal Exploitation in the Negev (by Steven A. Rosen)
4. Domestication of the Donkey (Equus asinus) in the Southern Levant: Archaeozoology, Iconography and Economy (by Ianir Milevski and Liora Kolska Horwitz)

PART II: ANIMALS AS FOOD
5. Spilling Blood: Conflict and Culture over Animal Slaughter in Mongol Eurasia (by Timothy May)
6. China’s Dairy Century: Making, Drinking and Dreaming of Milk (by Thomas David DuBois)
7. Tuna as Economic Resource and Symbolic Capital in Japan’s “Imperialism of the Sea” (by Nadin Heé)

PART III: ANIMALS AT WAR
8. Elephants in Mongol History: From Military Obstacles to Symbols of Buddhist Power (by William G. Clarence-Smith)
9. The Mamluk's Best Friend: The Mounts of the Military Elite of Egypt and Eurasian Steppe in the Late Middle-Ages (by Reuven Amitai and Gila Kahila Bar-Gal)
10. A Million Horses: Raising Government Horses in Early Ming China (by Noa Grass)

PART IV: ANIMALS IN CULTURE AND RELIGION
11. From Lion to Tiger: The Changing Buddhist Images of Apex Predators in Trans-Asian Contexts (by Xing Zhang and Huaiyu Chen)
12. The Chinese Cult of the Horse King, Divine Protector of Equines (by Meir Shahar)
13. Animal Signs: Theriomorphic Intercession between Heaven and Imperial Mongolian History (by Brian Baumann)

Contributors
Bibliography
Index


ENDORSEMENT (BACK COVER)

"Animal studies is a vibrant field that renews humanities by breaking many barriers. This intense and beautiful volume exemplifies such breaking and renewing, as it connects Far-eastern and Near-eastern areas and the steppe world in between, and develops an engaged dialogue between archeology, history, religion, visual studies, economics, law, and more."
―Vincent Goossaert, Professor of Daoism and Chinese religions, EPHE, PSL, Paris

"An ambitious volume, as broad, diverse, and interconnected as Asia. A significant interdisciplinary contribution to the history of human-animal relations."
―Aaron Skabelund, Associate Professor of History, Brigham Young University, USA,
author of Empire of Dogs: Canines, Japan, and the Making of the Modern Imperial World


PALGRAVE MACMILLAN

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-24363-0#toc


AMAZON

https://www.amazon.com/Animals-Human-Society-Asia-Perspectives/dp/3030243621/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=animals+and+human+society+in+asia&link_code=qs&qid=1564222263&s=gateway&sourceid=Mozilla-search&sr=8-1
With: Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim (Goldsmiths University of London), Timothy May (University of North Georgia), and Dror Weil (Cambridge)

Time: Jun 25, 2021 02:30 PM IST (GMT+3)
Research Interests: