- Medieval History, Medieval Studies, Historical GIS, Medieval Architecture, History of Medieval Technology, Watermill, Medieval Hydraulics, and 42 moreSocial History, Landscape Archaeology, Economic History, Archaeological Method & Theory, LiDAR for Landscape Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology, Medieval rural settlement, Digital History, Historical Geography, GIS and Landscape Archaeology, Archaeological GIS, Rural History, Archaeometallurgy, Funerary Archaeology, Early State Formation, Ceramics and medieval rural settlements (Archaeology), Death and Burial (Archaeology), Burial Practices (Archaeology), Historical Archaeology, Peasant History, Histoire et archéologie du haut Moyen-âge, Paléométallurgie, Mobilier Métallique Médiéval, Material Culture Studies, Late Middle Ages, Cultural Landscape, Geographic modeling and simulation, History of taxation, Medieval roads, Archaeology of Roads, Climate Change, Forestry, Digital Humanities, Polish History, Forest History, Medieval Poland, Environmental History, Historical Demography, Late Medieval History, Central and Eastern Europe, Historical Ecology, and Medieval Hungaryedit
- Assistant Professor in Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences. From 2011 to 2019... moreAssistant Professor in Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences. From 2011 to 2019 a member of the Department of the Historical Atlas in the Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences. Research interest: historical climatology, environmental history, history of the material culture, historical geography and landscape archaeologyedit
Lustracja królewskich puszcz, lasów i borów na Mazowszu z 1566 roku The inspection of the royal deciduous and coniferous forests in Mazovia in 1566 Abstrakt: Publikowana lustracja lasów królewskich została przeprowadzona w latach 1564/... more
Lustracja królewskich puszcz, lasów i borów na Mazowszu z 1566 roku The inspection of the royal deciduous and coniferous forests in Mazovia in 1566 Abstrakt: Publikowana lustracja lasów królewskich została przeprowadzona w latach 1564/ 1565-1566. Tekst jest zaktualizowanym wyciągiem z wcześniejszych rewizji. Opisanie lasów i puszcz mazowieckich pozwala poznać nie tylko stopień wyeksploatowania poszczególnych ekosystemów leśnych, ale umożliwia także zrozumienie złożonej sieci powiązań gospodarczych, społecznych i politycznych, jakie funkcjonowały w skupiskach leśnych w przeszłości.
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The period from around 1450 to 1550 in Europe is extremely interesting from the perspective of research on extreme weather events. It was a period of events that strongly influenced the societies and economies of the Old Continent. So... more
The period from around 1450 to 1550 in Europe is extremely interesting from the perspective of research on extreme weather events. It was a period of events that strongly influenced the societies and economies of the Old Continent. So far, the literature has been more focused on western and northern Europe. Concerning the region of central Europe, the greatest attention was paid to the Czech Republic or Hungary. This article revolves around the Polish lands, which experienced their greatest economic boom in the 16th century. We consider whether and how the droughts of the decade from 1531 to 1540 might have affected the country's economic development. We analyse a number of written sources which are the product of the treasury apparatus of the time (tax registers, data from water customs, tax exemptions, inventories of land estates etc.), but also information on fluctuations in product prices in the most important cities in this part of Europe. The work not only provides a detailed account of economic data, but also attempts to reflect on the relevance of linking information on fires in urban centres in the period characterized by weather extremes.
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Combining different diverse data on human and environmental history during the Anthropocene is an extremely challenging task, particularly, if one wants to compare written or cartographic data with a whole range of environmental data... more
Combining different diverse data on human and environmental history during the Anthropocene is an extremely challenging task, particularly, if one wants to compare written or cartographic data with a whole range of environmental data recorded for more than the past 200-300 years. In this article, our objective was to demonstrate that one of the keys to facilitating syntheses for the study of forest landscape dynamics was to conduct a thorough investigation into the historical phenomena of modernization. We believe that a comprehensive understanding of the advancements in post-enlightenment thought and contextualizing them within the evolution of the state apparatus during the 18th and 19th centuries will empower us to formulate new research questions and broaden our understanding of the mutual relations between nature and humans in the past.
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Quantification of human impact on past forest ecosystems becomes more challenging as one goes deeper into the past.This is primarily due to a scarcity of appropriate source materials. It is well-known that the inclusion of the Polish... more
Quantification of human impact on past forest ecosystems becomes more challenging as one goes deeper into the past.This is primarily due to a scarcity of appropriate source materials. It is well-known that the inclusion of the Polish lands in the zone of economic ties with Western Europe at the end of the 15th century enabled the intensive export of cereal and forest products. In this article, we have used place names established before 1600 not only to demonstrate how ancient forests were exploited but also to reflect on the various environmental effects of these past activities. By analyzing the naming material, we distinguished 3 basic types of names related to logging, industrial production, and wild beekeeping. In addition, we have included several theoretical considerations related to environmental consequences of forest exploitation.
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Trees of my Fatherland! if Heaven grants that I return to behold you, old friends, shall I find you still? Do ye still live? Ye, among whom I once crept as a child-does great Baublis still live, in whose bulk, hollowed by ages, as in a... more
Trees of my Fatherland! if Heaven grants that I return to behold you, old friends, shall I find you still? Do ye still live? Ye, among whom I once crept as a child-does great Baublis still live, in whose bulk, hollowed by ages, as in a goodly house, twelve could sup at table? 1
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The article discusses the causes and effects of the plague which is said to have spread over many Polish towns in 1507. The focus is on its possible causes, related to the occurrence of droughts and floods in Central Europe in the late 15... more
The article discusses the causes and effects of the plague which is said to have spread over many Polish towns in 1507. The focus is on its possible causes, related to the occurrence of droughts and floods in Central Europe in the late 15 th and early 16 th century. Available sources from the late mediaeval period have also been analysed for the recorded perceptions of the extreme climatic and weather conditions. Special attention has been paid to the issues of intensity and spatial distribution of the effects of the plague on the example of one district. The analysis covered a variety of issues such as settlement changes, prices of basic goods or even some pollen data. The main results of the study indicate that the climatic extremes at the turn of the 16 th century exerted a long-term impact on the society and economy of the region. They also contributed to the abandonment of settlements on rural sites.
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The article deals with issues related to the spatial and temporal functioning of the revenue system in the sixteenth-century Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, on the example of Greater Poland. The chronological scope of the work covers the... more
The article deals with issues related to the spatial and temporal functioning of the revenue system in the sixteenth-century Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, on the example of Greater Poland. The chronological scope of the work covers the period from the turn of the fifteenth century, when the Polish parliamentary system had begun to take shape, to the early seventeenth century, or more precisely, to the establishment of the Crown Treasury Tribunal in 1613. The authors make an attempt to determine the suitability of the spatio-temporal perspective in the research on the history of taxation by analysing selected aspects of the extraordinary tax collection process. The study presented here also touches upon the problems related to the transformation occurring in the revenue system of the Crown. The system gradually changed from the centralised model, with decisions regarding tax matters being made by the Sejm while the monarch exacted control over the process through his officials, to a more decentralised model, in which local nobility assemblies played a greater role in managing state finances.
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Link: https://academic.oup.com/dsh/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/llc/fqz030/5518999 Ever since the beginnings of the modern historiography, the court books have posed a challenge for editors in Poland, both due to their number and... more
Link: https://academic.oup.com/dsh/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/llc/fqz030/5518999
Ever since the beginnings of the modern historiography, the court books have posed a challenge for editors in Poland, both due to their number and variety. They constitute one of the richest sources enabling a variety of historical research. The publication of the sources’ content can be shared owing to new approaches stemming from constant development of IT tools and their application in the humanities. The solution proposed in our article is a digital indexing based on a relational database enabling access to the sources’ scans. The characterization of the method is preceded by a description of the theoretical foundations of the presented method. The assumed principals are implemented by the use of a dedicated to this project online INDXR application which functionalities is thoroughly described. Using the INDXR application, the data acquired from the sources are collected and stored in the database which structure is also illustrated along with its theoretical foundations. The database is established in order to better reflect the typical elements comprising the court books as well as to store the acquired information. The issues stemming from the process of indexing the court books, such as categorizing of the entries, their spatial context, and the problem of how to describe the persons appearing in the manuscript are also presented.
Ever since the beginnings of the modern historiography, the court books have posed a challenge for editors in Poland, both due to their number and variety. They constitute one of the richest sources enabling a variety of historical research. The publication of the sources’ content can be shared owing to new approaches stemming from constant development of IT tools and their application in the humanities. The solution proposed in our article is a digital indexing based on a relational database enabling access to the sources’ scans. The characterization of the method is preceded by a description of the theoretical foundations of the presented method. The assumed principals are implemented by the use of a dedicated to this project online INDXR application which functionalities is thoroughly described. Using the INDXR application, the data acquired from the sources are collected and stored in the database which structure is also illustrated along with its theoretical foundations. The database is established in order to better reflect the typical elements comprising the court books as well as to store the acquired information. The issues stemming from the process of indexing the court books, such as categorizing of the entries, their spatial context, and the problem of how to describe the persons appearing in the manuscript are also presented.
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Eine in den Akten des Gnesener Generalkonsistoriumsgerichts aufbewahrte Kopie enthält das Testament eines in Koło an der Warthe ansässigen Müllers aus der Zeit des späten Mittelalters. Der Analyse dieses Dokuments, das bereits vor Jahren... more
Eine in den Akten des Gnesener Generalkonsistoriumsgerichts aufbewahrte Kopie enthält das Testament eines in Koło an der Warthe ansässigen Müllers aus der Zeit des späten Mittelalters. Der Analyse dieses Dokuments, das bereits vor Jahren in der Quellensammlung Kodeks dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski [= Diplomatischer Kodex bzw. Urkundenbuch Großpolens] ediert wurde, ist der vorliegende Beitrag gewidmet. Der Inhalt dieses Schriftstücks erlaubt es nicht nur, ein Bild über das die wirtschaftliche Funktion der Mühlen in Koło zu gewinnen, sondern, was von noch größerer Bedeutung ist, ermöglicht es, den sozialen Aufstieg eines Müllers im bürgerlichen Milieu einer der größten Städte des mittelalterlichen und frühneuzeitlichen Großpolens zu verfolgen. Die Aussagekraft dieser Quelle geht weit über den Interessenshorizont von Studien zur materiellen Kultur hinaus und erlaubt Reflexionen zu den sozialen und religiösen Verhältnissen.
Die konfliktbeladene und geradezu dramatische Situation der Müllerfamilie in Koło war während des 15. Jahrhunderts von der mutmaßlichen Vergiftung zweier für die dortige Gemeinde bedeutender Müller geprägt. Das Testament, das den letzten Willen des sterbenden Müllers Stanisław aus Koło bezeugte, wurde im Jahre 1434 aufgesetzt. Aufgrund des Fehlens eines Erben überschreibt der Erblasser sein gesamtes Gut der Pfarrkirche in Koło. Mit ihm sollten die nötigen Bauarbeiten, das Aufstellen eines Altars und die Bezahlung eines Altaristen finanziert werden, der dazu verpflichtet sein sollte, durch reguläres Zelebrieren der Messe für die Seelen des Verstorbenen und seiner Familie zu beten. Die Quelle bietet außerdem tiefe Einblicke in das Leben einer Müllerfamilie in einer Zeitspanne von mehreren Generationen – von der Neugründung der Stadt in den sechziger Jahren des 14. bis zum dritten Jahrzehnt des 15. Jahrhunderts.
Die konfliktbeladene und geradezu dramatische Situation der Müllerfamilie in Koło war während des 15. Jahrhunderts von der mutmaßlichen Vergiftung zweier für die dortige Gemeinde bedeutender Müller geprägt. Das Testament, das den letzten Willen des sterbenden Müllers Stanisław aus Koło bezeugte, wurde im Jahre 1434 aufgesetzt. Aufgrund des Fehlens eines Erben überschreibt der Erblasser sein gesamtes Gut der Pfarrkirche in Koło. Mit ihm sollten die nötigen Bauarbeiten, das Aufstellen eines Altars und die Bezahlung eines Altaristen finanziert werden, der dazu verpflichtet sein sollte, durch reguläres Zelebrieren der Messe für die Seelen des Verstorbenen und seiner Familie zu beten. Die Quelle bietet außerdem tiefe Einblicke in das Leben einer Müllerfamilie in einer Zeitspanne von mehreren Generationen – von der Neugründung der Stadt in den sechziger Jahren des 14. bis zum dritten Jahrzehnt des 15. Jahrhunderts.
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Mapa dróg do wielkopolskiego tomu z serii "Atlas historyczny Polski. Mapy szczegółowe XVI w."
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The article proposes a new method of source edition presented on the example of the first Wschowa court book. The book comprises the entries from the end of the 15th and the beginnings of the 16th century and amounts to nearly 200 sheets... more
The article proposes a new method of source edition presented on the example of the first Wschowa court book. The book comprises the entries from the end of the 15th and the beginnings of the 16th century and amounts to nearly 200 sheets of the manuscript. The essence of the method is presentation of the source itself and the effects of work of the editors on the three interconnected layers: scan of the book, two attribute tables, and GIS map. The edition was elaborated with use of the INDXr application. The process of elaboration involved adding two layers to the digitised facsimile of the manuscript. The layers correspond to the two aforementioned tables in the database, which are the key part of the edition. The table of entries contains their list along some basic information on each of them (unique ID, the page scope, heading, date, comments) and a full reading of chosen entries. The second one – index table – contains the persons, geographical names and key terms indexes. The key terms are given in their source form, the names were normalised and geographical places were matched with ID keys connecting them with a database of Poland's settlement network in the 16th c, which together enabled filtering and browsing the information. Such a method of presentation of the source content appears particularly useful in dissemination of the mass sources, which are the medieval and early modern court books.
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In the article, a process of elaboration of a database on afforestation reconstruction in Nowy Tomyśl Plain in the modern era was presented. The aim of the publication was to share the materials acquired from old and current maps and... more
In the article, a process of elaboration of a database on afforestation reconstruction in Nowy Tomyśl Plain in the modern era was presented. The aim of the publication was to share the materials acquired from old and current maps and written sources, which are used in the reconstruction of the acreage, borders, and type of the forest in the area under scrutiny. It can be treated as a collection of metadata, in which the methodology of each thematic layer acquisition and elaboration is described. The elements in the database can be divided into four main thematic groups: Basemaps, Settlements and Administrative Divisions, Natural Landscape, and Forest Reconstruction Data. The basemaps comprise the Prussian calibrated old maps: Gilly-Crons’ map (1:50,000, the end of the 18th c.) and maps in scale 1:25,000: Urmesstischblätter (first half the 19th c.) and Messtischblätter (second half of the 19th c.). In order to graphically connect the historical to the current data, the topographical map and a Digital Elevation Model acquired from Geoportal were used. The application also includes the settlements, administrative divisions: form the 16th c. (on the basis of the last HAP volume) and the 18th c. (reconstructed for the purpose of this project on the basis of the old maps and written sources). In the Natural Landscape thematic group, there is data on hydrography and afforestation dating back to the end of the 18th century (Gilly-Cron's map) and the first half of the 19th c. (Urmesstischblätter). The crucial objects from the perspective of the conducted analysis are those on afforestation. Their choice was based on the potential to reconstruct the extent, borders, and types of forests in the said area in the 16th century. Thus, worth mentioning are: data on Dutch settlement dynamics in the 18th c., potential forest area per a village, results of Archaeological Survey of Poland, onomastic information, or even the information on the vegetation type acquired from the written sources, and old and current maps. All the above can be analysed in the application, though they can also be downloaded if the need arises in the form of a geodatabase (*.mdb) and analysed further by the more advanced users.
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The Usage of 18th c. Dutch-type Settlement in the Context of Afforestation Reconstruction for Early Modern Times on the Example of Nowy Tomyśl Vicinities
(with English summary)
(with English summary)
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"The Smithery in Stobno. Some Settlement Remarks in Passing the Edition of the Privilege for the Smithery Steward John Gelinghaus from 1560" -Summary- The bog iron was undoubtedly one of the most important natural resources needed for... more
"The Smithery in Stobno. Some Settlement Remarks in Passing the Edition of the Privilege for the Smithery Steward John Gelinghaus from 1560"
-Summary-
The bog iron was undoubtedly one of the most important natural resources needed for civilization development. The value of this raw material was determined by the fact that it was available everywhere where were existed the delicate depressive forms of water. There, in the deposition process of iron ions formed solids and sand containing precious iron particles. Production of iron intermediates took place in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times mostly in smitheries – a watermills structurally adapted for machining raw materials into an iron rails. Workers working there were looking for and harvesting bog ore, while others worked on charcoal, which was the primary source of energy needed to roast and melt bog ore into an iron intermediate. This last act was naturally carried out by other smithery workers. This far-reaching professional specialization demonstrated the complexity of the technological process, but also it has influenced people working in this type of objects on the basic needs of housing and food. It can be said that every establishment of a smithery in a given place caused the transition of this place into a smithery settlement (Pol. osada kuźnicza). Jan Gelinghaus, mentioned in the title of the article, probably did not participate actively in the entire technological process. He was probably the person holding the smithery in Stobno and administering it. Gelinghaus received from the general starosta’s (Pol. starosta generalny) of Greater Poland – Stanisław Górka – a privilege written in Polish in 1560. By virtue of this document, he was allowed to build a smithery in the estates of the Ujście and Piła eldership (Pol. starostwo) to extract bog ore and to exploit the forests in order to produce iron. This privilege, together with a whole other mass of sources, gives a better understanding of the temporal functioning of the smithery in the above-mentioned region landscape. Studies on the smithery settlement in Stobno enabled to observe strong correlations between the natural environment and the functioning of the industrial workshop. The smithery was withering by over-exploitation of forests and depletion of the resources of the bog iron. With the closure of the smithery workshop somewhere at the turn of the 16th and 17th century was transformed into a regular village with a grain watermill existing in this place for next few centuries.
-Summary-
The bog iron was undoubtedly one of the most important natural resources needed for civilization development. The value of this raw material was determined by the fact that it was available everywhere where were existed the delicate depressive forms of water. There, in the deposition process of iron ions formed solids and sand containing precious iron particles. Production of iron intermediates took place in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times mostly in smitheries – a watermills structurally adapted for machining raw materials into an iron rails. Workers working there were looking for and harvesting bog ore, while others worked on charcoal, which was the primary source of energy needed to roast and melt bog ore into an iron intermediate. This last act was naturally carried out by other smithery workers. This far-reaching professional specialization demonstrated the complexity of the technological process, but also it has influenced people working in this type of objects on the basic needs of housing and food. It can be said that every establishment of a smithery in a given place caused the transition of this place into a smithery settlement (Pol. osada kuźnicza). Jan Gelinghaus, mentioned in the title of the article, probably did not participate actively in the entire technological process. He was probably the person holding the smithery in Stobno and administering it. Gelinghaus received from the general starosta’s (Pol. starosta generalny) of Greater Poland – Stanisław Górka – a privilege written in Polish in 1560. By virtue of this document, he was allowed to build a smithery in the estates of the Ujście and Piła eldership (Pol. starostwo) to extract bog ore and to exploit the forests in order to produce iron. This privilege, together with a whole other mass of sources, gives a better understanding of the temporal functioning of the smithery in the above-mentioned region landscape. Studies on the smithery settlement in Stobno enabled to observe strong correlations between the natural environment and the functioning of the industrial workshop. The smithery was withering by over-exploitation of forests and depletion of the resources of the bog iron. With the closure of the smithery workshop somewhere at the turn of the 16th and 17th century was transformed into a regular village with a grain watermill existing in this place for next few centuries.
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Text was published originally in ""Studia Źródłoznawcze", vol. 54, 2017, pp. 129-149. --- A presentation of an edition of an inspection of customs houses and tollgates in the voivodeship of Kalisz (1571). The published inspection was the... more
Text was published originally in ""Studia Źródłoznawcze", vol. 54, 2017, pp. 129-149.
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A presentation of an edition of an inspection of customs houses and tollgates in the voivodeship of Kalisz (1571). The published inspection was the outcome of a constitution passed by the Sejm of Lublin in 1569, which resolved, i.a. to supplement the results of an inspection conducted in the mid-1560s. "Akt rewizorów ziemskich województwa kaliskiego" has been a source familiar to historians from the time of Karol Buczek, who wrote about it in an introduction to an edition of a road inspection issued by Bożena Wyrozumska. A present the source is kept in the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw together with other lustration material. This clean copy contains numerous information about the state of roads, environmental conditions, and neighbourly relations between members of the gentry in the discussed territory. The published inspectors’ document includes numerous copies of earlier privileges consenting to the collection of customs
duties or tolls in the mentioned localities.
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zarys treści:
Tekst przedstawia edycję rewizji komór celnych oraz stacji mytniczych z obszaru województwa
kaliskiego z 1571 roku. Wydawana rewizja powstała na mocy ustawy sejmu lubelskiego z 1569 r., na którym to postanowiono m.in. uzupełnić wyniki lustracji przeprowadzonej w połowie lat sześćdziesiątych XVI w. "Akt rewizorów ziemskich województwa kaliskiego" jest źródłem znanym historykom od czasów Karola Buczka, który pisał o nim we wstępie do edycji lustracji dróg wydanej przez Bożenę Wyrozumską. Źródło przechowywane jest obecnie w Archiwum Głównym Akt Dawnych, razem z innymi materiałami lustracyjnymi. Ma ono charakter czystopisu, zawierającego wiele informacji o stanie gościńców, uwarunkowań środowiskowych czy też stosunków sąsiedzkich pomiędzy szlachtą omawianego terytorium. Wydawany akt rewizorów zawiera liczne kopie wcześniejszych przywilejów, zezwalających na pobór ceł lub myta w wymienianych miejscowościach.
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A presentation of an edition of an inspection of customs houses and tollgates in the voivodeship of Kalisz (1571). The published inspection was the outcome of a constitution passed by the Sejm of Lublin in 1569, which resolved, i.a. to supplement the results of an inspection conducted in the mid-1560s. "Akt rewizorów ziemskich województwa kaliskiego" has been a source familiar to historians from the time of Karol Buczek, who wrote about it in an introduction to an edition of a road inspection issued by Bożena Wyrozumska. A present the source is kept in the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw together with other lustration material. This clean copy contains numerous information about the state of roads, environmental conditions, and neighbourly relations between members of the gentry in the discussed territory. The published inspectors’ document includes numerous copies of earlier privileges consenting to the collection of customs
duties or tolls in the mentioned localities.
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zarys treści:
Tekst przedstawia edycję rewizji komór celnych oraz stacji mytniczych z obszaru województwa
kaliskiego z 1571 roku. Wydawana rewizja powstała na mocy ustawy sejmu lubelskiego z 1569 r., na którym to postanowiono m.in. uzupełnić wyniki lustracji przeprowadzonej w połowie lat sześćdziesiątych XVI w. "Akt rewizorów ziemskich województwa kaliskiego" jest źródłem znanym historykom od czasów Karola Buczka, który pisał o nim we wstępie do edycji lustracji dróg wydanej przez Bożenę Wyrozumską. Źródło przechowywane jest obecnie w Archiwum Głównym Akt Dawnych, razem z innymi materiałami lustracyjnymi. Ma ono charakter czystopisu, zawierającego wiele informacji o stanie gościńców, uwarunkowań środowiskowych czy też stosunków sąsiedzkich pomiędzy szlachtą omawianego terytorium. Wydawany akt rewizorów zawiera liczne kopie wcześniejszych przywilejów, zezwalających na pobór ceł lub myta w wymienianych miejscowościach.
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Currently we can observe a substantial amount of research projects in historical geography elaborated with the usage of Geographic Information Systems. It is no doubt that GIS provides a unified and effective framework for acquisition,... more
Currently we can observe a substantial amount of research projects in historical geography elaborated with the usage of Geographic Information Systems. It is no doubt that GIS provides a unified and effective framework for acquisition, analysis and visualization of spatial and textual data. However, the presentation of research process can be concerned rather challenging. It requires a large array of maps and charts in the final publication which elaboration is conditioned by paper size, limited colours and – last but not least – lack of interactivity. These limitations do not concern WebGIS platforms which allow researchers to publish all materials in the way they were created, i.e. in the digital cartographic form. The aim of this paper is to present on the one hand the project of the Dutch-type colonization process in 18 th c. Greater Poland and on the other, the possibilities of geohistorical projects' publishing on the WebGIS platform. Dutch colonization played an important role in the development of settlement network in Early Modern Poland as the colonists usually settled down on marshlands and woodlands therefore thusly significantly transforming natural and cultural landscape. Since the research is based on cartographic and written sources from the turn of 18 th and 19 th c, it is necessary to evaluate their credibility and indicate potential errors such as maps' planar precision, symbols' explicitness or data consistency between sources. Maps and manuscripts are published on the platform: source data as raster (maps are georeferenced) and output data (acquired from them) in vector format for spatial data and tabular format for attribute data. Semantic links between source and output data are also included in order to identify the origin of each set of output data.
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The article concerns the subject which has been so far poorly studied, namely the process of the formation of a network of water mills. The studies conducted up till now have either been constructed on an uncertain source basis... more
The article concerns the subject which has been so far poorly studied, namely the process of the formation of a network of water mills. The studies conducted up till now have either been constructed on an uncertain source basis (Zofi a Podwińska) or they have been too general to capture the small changes which could also significantly aff ect the increase or decline in the number of milling facilities (Rafał Kubicki). The author of the present paper made an attempt at describing detailed mechanisms governing this phenomenon on the example of the Konin district in the period of the late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Times. The source basis was provided by lists of extraordinary conscriptions, inventories of bishops’ and royal properties, records of the lands tribunals, the diplomatic material or even supplications directed to the 16th century chapter of Gniezno. Besides, the oaths of the lands tribunals published in Wielkopolskie roty sądowe (Court oaths in Wielkopolska region) were also fairly extensively used. The present article analyzes not only the development of a network of water mills itself but also the economic and natural factors that could have created it. Moreover, on the example of the Konin district analyses were made related to the development of properties belonging to the lords (on the example of the Brudzewski family of Pomian coat-of-arms) and royal properties.
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To see the whole edition of the tax register in web-GIS application see both links attached to this paper. A historical source text about source was published in Polish (see above). For more go to the website www.atlasfontium.pl Wstęp... more
To see the whole edition of the tax register in web-GIS application see both links attached to this paper. A historical source text about source was published in Polish (see above). For more go to the website www.atlasfontium.pl
Wstęp źródłoznawczy:
Rejestr powiatu poznańskiego z 1563 roku jest obszernym źródłem podatkowym (prawie 800 zapisek), wymieniającym podstawowe dane gospodarcze w postaci łanów (kmiecych, pustych, sołtysich oraz należących bezpośrednio do szlachty – mansi feudales), młynów i karczem. Podczas prac nad spisem zaobserwowano pokaźną liczbę danych mówiących o pożarach wsi opisywanego powiatu (zob. kolumna „varia”). W rejestrze odnotowano informacje o 12 pustkach osadniczych, zaś najczęściej notowanymi zawodami wiejskimi byli kowale i krawcy (pozostałych rzemieślników opisywano ogólnikowo jako artifices). Rejestr nieczęsto podawał daty pobrania podatku (tylko w 74 zapiskach), jednak można zauważyć, że większość świadczeń była wybierana w lipcu 1563 roku, zaś wszelkie niedopłaty ze strony właścicieli ziemskich ściągano na jesieni, we wrześniu i październiku.
Informacje o właścicielach wsi zapisywano sporadycznie (ok. 100 zapisek). Do najczęstszych posiadaczy ziemskich wymienianych w źródle należeli Czarnkowscy, Górkowie, Ostrorógowie, Rożnowscy i Świdwowie.
Rejestr został sporządzony przez Jakuba Rokowskiego (k. 249) po łacinie z liczną częścią partii pisanych po polsku, widocznymi w szczególności w części dotyczącej poboru z miast oraz informacji poza formularzowych jak na przykład opis lokalizacji młynów wodnych względem Poznania.
Stan zachowania rękopisu należy ocenić jako bardzo dobry. Układ źródła ma charakter tekstowy – informacje o wsiach parafialnych pisane są większymi i pogrubionymi literami, po których następują listy osad przynależnych do danego kościoła. Sumy podatku ze wsi i ich poszczególnych działów podawane są w kolumnie floreny oraz grosze po prawej stronie każdej karty. Każda opodatkowana kategoria była wymieniana z kwotą przewidzianą w uniwersale poborowym. W wydawanym spisie pisarz nie odnotowywał sumy podatku z każdej karty rękopisu. Pismo jest czytelne i nie sprawia problemów z odczytem.
Wstęp źródłoznawczy:
Rejestr powiatu poznańskiego z 1563 roku jest obszernym źródłem podatkowym (prawie 800 zapisek), wymieniającym podstawowe dane gospodarcze w postaci łanów (kmiecych, pustych, sołtysich oraz należących bezpośrednio do szlachty – mansi feudales), młynów i karczem. Podczas prac nad spisem zaobserwowano pokaźną liczbę danych mówiących o pożarach wsi opisywanego powiatu (zob. kolumna „varia”). W rejestrze odnotowano informacje o 12 pustkach osadniczych, zaś najczęściej notowanymi zawodami wiejskimi byli kowale i krawcy (pozostałych rzemieślników opisywano ogólnikowo jako artifices). Rejestr nieczęsto podawał daty pobrania podatku (tylko w 74 zapiskach), jednak można zauważyć, że większość świadczeń była wybierana w lipcu 1563 roku, zaś wszelkie niedopłaty ze strony właścicieli ziemskich ściągano na jesieni, we wrześniu i październiku.
Informacje o właścicielach wsi zapisywano sporadycznie (ok. 100 zapisek). Do najczęstszych posiadaczy ziemskich wymienianych w źródle należeli Czarnkowscy, Górkowie, Ostrorógowie, Rożnowscy i Świdwowie.
Rejestr został sporządzony przez Jakuba Rokowskiego (k. 249) po łacinie z liczną częścią partii pisanych po polsku, widocznymi w szczególności w części dotyczącej poboru z miast oraz informacji poza formularzowych jak na przykład opis lokalizacji młynów wodnych względem Poznania.
Stan zachowania rękopisu należy ocenić jako bardzo dobry. Układ źródła ma charakter tekstowy – informacje o wsiach parafialnych pisane są większymi i pogrubionymi literami, po których następują listy osad przynależnych do danego kościoła. Sumy podatku ze wsi i ich poszczególnych działów podawane są w kolumnie floreny oraz grosze po prawej stronie każdej karty. Każda opodatkowana kategoria była wymieniana z kwotą przewidzianą w uniwersale poborowym. W wydawanym spisie pisarz nie odnotowywał sumy podatku z każdej karty rękopisu. Pismo jest czytelne i nie sprawia problemów z odczytem.
Research Interests:
współautor: K. Chłapowski [co-author: K. Chłapowski] Dokument zawiera elektroniczną edycję rejestru poborowego z terenów powiatu pyzdrskiego z 1591 roku. Tekst został opublikowany na witrynie "Atlas Źródeł i Materiałów do Dziejów Dawnej... more
współautor: K. Chłapowski [co-author: K. Chłapowski]
Dokument zawiera elektroniczną edycję rejestru poborowego z terenów powiatu pyzdrskiego z 1591 roku. Tekst został opublikowany na witrynie "Atlas Źródeł i Materiałów do Dziejów Dawnej Polski" (www.atlasfontium.pl). Edycja zawiera wstęp źródłoznawczy.
[The document consists the GIS source edition of the tax ragister from Pyzdry district from the year 1591. Paper with the introduction (in Polish) was published on the website "Atlas of Sources and Materials for the History of Old Poland" - see www.atlasfontium.pl]
Dokument zawiera elektroniczną edycję rejestru poborowego z terenów powiatu pyzdrskiego z 1591 roku. Tekst został opublikowany na witrynie "Atlas Źródeł i Materiałów do Dziejów Dawnej Polski" (www.atlasfontium.pl). Edycja zawiera wstęp źródłoznawczy.
[The document consists the GIS source edition of the tax ragister from Pyzdry district from the year 1591. Paper with the introduction (in Polish) was published on the website "Atlas of Sources and Materials for the History of Old Poland" - see www.atlasfontium.pl]
Research Interests:
współautor: M. Słoń [co-author: M. Słoń] Dokument zawiera elektroniczną edycję rejestru poborowego z terenów powiatu pyzdrskiego z 1583 roku. Tekst został opublikowany na witrynie "Atlas Źródeł i Materiałów do Dziejów Dawnej Polski"... more
współautor: M. Słoń [co-author: M. Słoń]
Dokument zawiera elektroniczną edycję rejestru poborowego z terenów powiatu pyzdrskiego z 1583 roku. Tekst został opublikowany na witrynie "Atlas Źródeł i Materiałów do Dziejów Dawnej Polski" (www.atlasfontium.pl). Edycja zawiera wstęp źródłoznawczy.
[The document consists the GIS source edition of the tax ragister from Pyzdry district from the year 1583. Paper with the introduction (in Polish) was published on the website "Atlas of Sources and Materials for the History of Old Poland" - see www.atlasfontium.pl]
Dokument zawiera elektroniczną edycję rejestru poborowego z terenów powiatu pyzdrskiego z 1583 roku. Tekst został opublikowany na witrynie "Atlas Źródeł i Materiałów do Dziejów Dawnej Polski" (www.atlasfontium.pl). Edycja zawiera wstęp źródłoznawczy.
[The document consists the GIS source edition of the tax ragister from Pyzdry district from the year 1583. Paper with the introduction (in Polish) was published on the website "Atlas of Sources and Materials for the History of Old Poland" - see www.atlasfontium.pl]
Research Interests:
współautor: K. Chłapowski [co-author: K. Chłapowski] Dokument zawiera elektroniczną edycję rejestru poborowego z terenów powiatu pyzdrskiego z 1565 roku. Tekst został opublikowany na witrynie "Atlas Źródeł i Materiałów do Dziejów Dawnej... more
współautor: K. Chłapowski [co-author: K. Chłapowski]
Dokument zawiera elektroniczną edycję rejestru poborowego z terenów powiatu pyzdrskiego z 1565 roku. Tekst został opublikowany na witrynie "Atlas Źródeł i Materiałów do Dziejów Dawnej Polski" (www.atlasfontium.pl). Edycja zawiera wstęp źródłoznawczy.
[The document consists the GIS source edition of the tax ragister from Pyzdry district from the year 1565. Paper with the introduction (in Polish) was published on the website "Atlas of Sources and Materials for the History of Old Poland" - see www.atlasfontium.pl]
Dokument zawiera elektroniczną edycję rejestru poborowego z terenów powiatu pyzdrskiego z 1565 roku. Tekst został opublikowany na witrynie "Atlas Źródeł i Materiałów do Dziejów Dawnej Polski" (www.atlasfontium.pl). Edycja zawiera wstęp źródłoznawczy.
[The document consists the GIS source edition of the tax ragister from Pyzdry district from the year 1565. Paper with the introduction (in Polish) was published on the website "Atlas of Sources and Materials for the History of Old Poland" - see www.atlasfontium.pl]
Research Interests:
współautorzy: M. Słoń, K. Chłapowski [co-authors: M. Słoń, K. Chłapowski] Dokument zawiera elektroniczną edycję rejestru poborowego z terenów powiatu pyzdrskiego z 1552 roku. Tekst został opublikowany na witrynie "Atlas Źródeł i... more
współautorzy: M. Słoń, K. Chłapowski [co-authors: M. Słoń, K. Chłapowski]
Dokument zawiera elektroniczną edycję rejestru poborowego z terenów powiatu pyzdrskiego z 1552 roku. Tekst został opublikowany na witrynie "Atlas Źródeł i Materiałów do Dziejów Dawnej Polski" (www.atlasfontium.pl). Edycja zawiera wstęp źródłoznawczy.
[The document consists the GIS source edition of the tax ragister from Pyzdry district from the year 1552. Paper with the introduction (in Polish) was published on the website "Atlas of Sources and Materials for the History of Old Poland" - see www.atlasfontium.pl]
Dokument zawiera elektroniczną edycję rejestru poborowego z terenów powiatu pyzdrskiego z 1552 roku. Tekst został opublikowany na witrynie "Atlas Źródeł i Materiałów do Dziejów Dawnej Polski" (www.atlasfontium.pl). Edycja zawiera wstęp źródłoznawczy.
[The document consists the GIS source edition of the tax ragister from Pyzdry district from the year 1552. Paper with the introduction (in Polish) was published on the website "Atlas of Sources and Materials for the History of Old Poland" - see www.atlasfontium.pl]
Research Interests:
Notes on the edition: Księgi celne Korony z drugiej połowy XVI wieku, ed. Szymon Kazusek, Kielce 2017, pp. 383, map (Summary) In the early twenty first century, when information technology increasingly enters the field of... more
Notes on the edition: Księgi celne Korony z drugiej połowy XVI wieku,
ed. Szymon Kazusek, Kielce 2017, pp. 383, map
(Summary)
In the early twenty first century, when information technology increasingly enters the field of historians of economy, it would be impossible, or even harmful, to publish historical sources that have the form of numerical data as a simple reading transferred from the source material to the published edition. Such an approach reveals that the editor is not fully aware of the character of the source he is publishing and – this is even worse – what is the main purpose of his work. The present text is a critical review of Szymon Kazusek’s book published recently with the edition of source material from registers kept by offi cials of the sixteenth-century custom houses. I try to show that in the case of edition of numerical sources it would be much better idea to present all the data in the form of spatial database. This view has been inspired by experiences gained during the project of “Historical Atlas of Poland”. Unfortunately, the publication of fulltext reading of the source material forces researchers interested in a specifi c set of data to work with it anew, which makes possible benefits of the painstaking labour done by the publisher almost non-existent.
ed. Szymon Kazusek, Kielce 2017, pp. 383, map
(Summary)
In the early twenty first century, when information technology increasingly enters the field of historians of economy, it would be impossible, or even harmful, to publish historical sources that have the form of numerical data as a simple reading transferred from the source material to the published edition. Such an approach reveals that the editor is not fully aware of the character of the source he is publishing and – this is even worse – what is the main purpose of his work. The present text is a critical review of Szymon Kazusek’s book published recently with the edition of source material from registers kept by offi cials of the sixteenth-century custom houses. I try to show that in the case of edition of numerical sources it would be much better idea to present all the data in the form of spatial database. This view has been inspired by experiences gained during the project of “Historical Atlas of Poland”. Unfortunately, the publication of fulltext reading of the source material forces researchers interested in a specifi c set of data to work with it anew, which makes possible benefits of the painstaking labour done by the publisher almost non-existent.
Research Interests:
Review in "Acta Poloniae Historica", vol. 112, 2015, pp. 338-344.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Review of the book about milling in the state of the Teutonic Order in Prusssia during Middle Ages (from 13th c. to 1454). Paper was publised in the journal of the history of material culture in 2014. See more in vol. LXIII/2 in... more
Review of the book about milling in the state of the Teutonic Order in Prusssia during Middle Ages (from 13th c. to 1454). Paper was publised in the journal of the history of material culture in 2014. See more in vol. LXIII/2 in "Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej" (published by Institute of Archeology and Ethnology of Polish Academy of Sciences). Language: Polish.
Research Interests:
Presentation from the 17th International Conference of Historical Geographers (2018, Warsaw)
Research Interests:
One of the difficulties for historians who research the history of Poland is the fact that in Polish archives there is a lack of written sources, especially the mass sources, from the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times. Many of them have... more
One of the difficulties for historians who research the history of Poland is the fact that in Polish archives there is a lack of written sources, especially the mass sources, from the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times. Many of them have been lost in 15th, 16th or even 17th and 18th century; others where lost or destroyed during the many military conflicts which took place in Central Europe in 19th and 20th century. Fortunately, some of the mass sources survived throughout the turbulent centuries and historians can use them now to research historical geography, genealogy, rural settlement landscape, material culture and many more. The main aim of this paper will be to present one type of the aforementioned mass sources – juridical land court books (libri castrenses and libri terrestres) – and to show the methods of publishing them using the application based on the spatial database called INDXr2. INDXr2 is an application dedicated to those researchers who work with historical manuscripts. The main feature of the application is the tool that allows marking precise parts of the text directly on the scan of the manuscript. Each marker – filled by the editor with the information from the source – is linked with one record in the table on the spatial database. Thanks to that, a large number of layers of markers can be created on one manuscript e. g. a layer with entire parts of the source text or a layer with only specific words or phrases like names of nobles, types of industrial buildings (e. g. mills, taverns), roads or manors. This concept allows one to work with the source at the level of the database with a complete connection to GIS programs, maps or other materials. INDXr2 seems to be one of the most important tools in the historical geographer’s workshop. The whole presentation will be based on two projects where INDXr2 is used. In the first part we will show how the previously mentioned applications work with rural settlement landscape research at the turn of 15th and 16th century. The second part will show the use of this program with genealogical types of data.
Research Interests:
Presentation from the conference organised by Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History (Polish Academy of Sciences) and Commission of Historical Geography (Polish Historical Society). More info with abstracts (Pol and Eng):... more
Presentation from the conference organised by Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History (Polish Academy of Sciences) and Commission of Historical Geography (Polish Historical Society).
More info with abstracts (Pol and Eng):
http://pth.net.pl/uploads/Konferencja_KGH_PTH_23_listopada.pdf
More info with abstracts (Pol and Eng):
http://pth.net.pl/uploads/Konferencja_KGH_PTH_23_listopada.pdf
Research Interests:
eng. title: The Local Place Names as an Important Tool in the Context of the Usage of the Retrogressive Method under the Environmental Changes From the 15th to 18th Century on the Territory of the Nowy Tomyśl Plain Refert wygłoszony na... more
eng. title: The Local Place Names as an Important Tool in the Context of the Usage of the Retrogressive Method under the Environmental Changes From the 15th to 18th Century on the Territory of the Nowy Tomyśl Plain
Refert wygłoszony na Międzynarodowej i Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Onomastycznej - Kraków, wrzesień 2016.
Refert wygłoszony na Międzynarodowej i Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Onomastycznej - Kraków, wrzesień 2016.
Research Interests:
The AtlasFontium.pl is a new approach to editing sources for the history of the Medieval and Early Modern Poland (to 18th cent.). The main aim of this project is to make the historical and geographical materials (strictly connected with... more
The AtlasFontium.pl is a new approach to editing sources for the history of the Medieval and Early Modern Poland (to 18th cent.). The main aim of this project is to make the historical and geographical materials (strictly connected with GIS map of the Polish Crown) available for professional historians and for wider audiences interested in knowing more about the past. The WebGIS application serves indexed manuscripts, geographical, settlement, and administration data which can be used in GIS programs like Arc- or QGIS. Users of our website can also download Excel worksheets with fully edited tax registers from the sixteenth century, which can be used to any statistical researches. Currently AtlasFontium.pl has data from sixteenth-century tax registers, information about Church geography in the eighteenth-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and for the first time a fully digital edited juridical book of Wschowa district for the years 1495-1526. In the paper we will show main the possibilities of the WebGIS application and share current methodology in GIS source editing. We will present the main historical and geographical sources we work on. We will also outline our future plans concerning the digitization and indexation of maps from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
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Prezentacja z seminarium w Instytucie Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk (25.10.2016)
Research Interests:
The period from around 1450 to 1550 in Europe is extremely interesting from the perspective of research on extreme weather events. It was a period of events that strongly influenced the societies and economies of the Old Continent. So... more
The period from around 1450 to 1550 in Europe is extremely interesting from the perspective of research on extreme weather events. It was a period of events that strongly influenced the societies and economies of the Old Continent. So far, the literature has been more focused on western and northern Europe. Concerning the region of central Europe, the greatest attention was paid to the Czech Republic or Hungary. This article revolves around the Polish lands, which experienced their greatest economic boom in the 16th century. We consider whether and how the droughts of the decade from 1531 to 1540 might have affected the country's economic development. We analyse a number of written sources which are the product of the treasury apparatus of the time (tax registers, data from water customs, tax exemptions, inventories of land estates etc.), but also information on fluctuations in product prices in the most important cities in this part of Europe. The work not only provides a detailed account of economic data, but also attempts to reflect on the relevance of linking information on fires in urban centres in the period characterized by weather extremes.