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Electroencephalogram (EEG) is most common instrument for treatment and diagnosis of brain related diseases. Analysis of EEG signals for treatment of patient is time consuming and not easy task for neurologist. There is always a chance of... more
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is most common instrument for treatment and diagnosis of brain related diseases. Analysis of EEG signals for treatment of patient is time consuming and not easy task for neurologist. There is always a chance of human error. The purpose of this paper is to present an automatic detection model for epileptic seizure from EEG signals. To fulfill this objective, EEG signals are preprocessed and converted into spectrogram images using Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT). From this spectrogram images gray scale features are extracted. Support Vector Machine (SVM) with six different kernel functions and three data division protocols are utilized for performance evaluation of proposed model. Results show that quadratic SVM classifier has achieved highest classification accuracy.
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Communication of the satellite images plays a crucial role in many important applications such as change detection, land cover classification, weather prediction etc. The increase in the demand of satellite images over the band limited... more
Communication of the satellite images plays a crucial role in many important applications such as change detection, land cover classification, weather prediction etc. The increase in the demand of satellite images over the band limited channel requires good quality compression tools. Currently, the compression standard developed by Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is the widely used product for the compression of satellite images. Moreover, one of the important elements which influence the performance of JPEG compression standard is the nature of quantization table. The compression ratio and the decompressed image quality are determined all-together by the quantization table, and hence, the table strongly influences the whole compression performance. The author aims to generate better quantization tables to enhance the compression performance to achieve higher compression ratios while preserving high reconstruction quality for satellite images. A Teaching Learning based Optimization (TLBO) technique is employed to promote higher compression performance for satellite images. The aim is to identify optimal quantization tables that contribute to better compression efficiency in terms of image quality indexes Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE). The TLBO based optimization strategy is proposed because it is free from the algorithmic parameters. Experiments were carried out on the three different satellite images. The results demonstrate that the identified optimal quantization tables offer average PSNR gain of about 0.5 dB with the average reduction in MSE of about 10 against the available JPEG quantization table.
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Medical imaging plays a major role in contemporary health care, both as a tool in primary diagnosis and as a guide for surg ical and therapeutic procedures. Compression of radiological images is an effective mechanism for storage and... more
Medical imaging plays a major role in contemporary health care, both as a tool in primary diagnosis and as a guide for surg ical and therapeutic procedures. Compression of radiological images is an effective mechanism for storage and transmission. The use of such images for teleradiol ogy is of increasing importance, with one of the main reasons being the ability to c all upon remotely located diagnostic experts. Whilst many researchers have ad dressed the problem of how the degradation of image quality with compression ratio affects observer-based diagnostic accuracy. In this work, we propose a qua ntitative analysis of quality for lossy compressed magnetic resonance (MR) images, an d their influence in automatic tissue classification. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio ( PSNR), as quality measurement, is not enough if we have medical images. So we need to find out new quality measurements not based in perception to make a quan titative analysis for medical image compression. This paper pr...
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Communication of the medical image and videos has now raised as a vital concern for the telediagnosis of critical diseases. Currently, JPEG and JPEG2k codecs are the default compression tool to facilitate their communication over... more
Communication of the medical image and videos has now raised as a vital concern for the telediagnosis of critical diseases. Currently, JPEG and JPEG2k codecs are the default compression tool to facilitate their communication over band-limited channels. However, most often, the performance of these existing codecs is found poor particularly at the higher compression levels. Hence, this paper presents a new medical image compression codec to achieve high-quality compression of the medical images, especially at the higher compression levels. The proposed codec utilizes Discrete Orthogonal Cosine Stockwell Transform (DOCST) for the higher pixel decorrelation and the optimal integer bit allocation based quantization strategy for the efficient quantization of the DOCST coefficients. Further, to justify and validate the performance of the proposed codec an extensive performance analysis has been presented for six medical images of two different modalities. It is reported that the proposed ...
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The vocal apparatus consist of different parts some of which belongs the alimentary tract and other to the respiratory organs. The whole respiratory apparatus is active in the sound producing mechanism of speech. The thoracic cavity can... more
The vocal apparatus consist of different parts some of which belongs the alimentary tract and other to the respiratory organs. The whole respiratory apparatus is active in the sound producing mechanism of speech. The thoracic cavity can be expanded and contracted by the respiratory muscles, thus prouducing a current of compressed air from the lungs in case of any utterance (speech). Infact, the production of speech is a supplementary activity to the respiration; this means that, in particular these two functions have a considerable influence on each other. The compressed air from the lungs to larynx, reducing the phonetic quality is a function of lungs healthy/stressed status. Thus the analysis of speech will be a status symbol indicating the lungs stressed/unstressed condition. In present work the stressed condition of lungs is assessed using the FIR filter in which the side lobe configuration is utilized having the same bandwidth of the filter. It is concluded that the shifting of...
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Abstract India is an agricultural country. Agriculture affects the economy of India. For better production, irrigation system must be well designed and auto-controlled. Irrigation is a technique used to supplement the rainwater of dry... more
Abstract India is an agricultural country. Agriculture affects the economy of India. For better production, irrigation system must be well designed and auto-controlled. Irrigation is a technique used to supplement the rainwater of dry land. Irrigation is a technique for providing water supply to plants at needed interval. Irrigation of different regions of the country is done through different means, such as wells, reservoirs, canals, rivers, etc. There are various types of irrigation system namely surface, localized, drip, sprinkler, center pivot, lateral, sub and manual irrigation. According to World Bank collection of development indicators, India has 60.45% agriculture land. Agriculture contributes 17% of the total GDP of Indian economy. Agriculture plays a vital role in the Indian economy. 70% of the rural households depend on agriculture. Irrigation sector faces lots of issues and challenges viz regional imbalance of rainfall and water availability, faulty ground water policy, water resources face irregular climate change challenge, water shortage due to urbanization and industrialization, heavy subsidies provided by government intended to wasteful use of water. So, it is very essential to supply water in a controlled way. Lots of techniques have been developed to provide controlled automated irrigation system. This paper basically explores the requirements of automated system and various latest techniques for controlling irrigation and climate. Keywords: Irrigation, climate control, smart agriculture system, soil sensor, temperature sensor Cite this Article P Vyas, K Thakur. Need of Automated System for Climatic Control and Irrigation. Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications. 2019; 6(3): 1–4p.
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Biometric system which is based on human physical and behavioral traits is implemented in a versatile field especially national security, wage control, access control, intruder detection and verification, forensic science, etc. Biometrics... more
Biometric system which is based on human physical and behavioral traits is implemented in a versatile field especially national security, wage control, access control, intruder detection and verification, forensic science, etc. Biometrics is more reliable and capable than conventional methods like PIN, token system, etc. because of its unique identity whether physical or behavioral trait verification of each and every person. In recent times, the awareness of biometrics for common man had been limited to its use in spy thrillers or fear instilling instruments of state of corporate surveillance in speculative fiction, forensic or as investigative tools; and was supposed to be ultimate in areas where it was applied. There has been a drastic change in areas where biometrics can be applied. A good biometrics is characterized by use of a feature that is highly unique, so that the chance of any two people having the same characteristic will be minimal; is stable, so that the feature does not change over time; and can be easily captured, in order to provide convenience to the user and prevent misrepresentation of the feature. Biometric identifications are harder to steal than other traditional traits.
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ABSTRACT
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ABSTRACT The proposed work describes the method of determination of first degree heart block condition of a human heart from the speech analysis of the particular. In an Electrocardiogram (ECG), the PR interval represents the time taken... more
ABSTRACT The proposed work describes the method of determination of first degree heart block condition of a human heart from the speech analysis of the particular. In an Electrocardiogram (ECG), the PR interval represents the time taken for the depolarization to spread from the SA node to the ventricular muscle. If PR interval is found greater than 0.2s, first degree heart block or AV Block is detected in the heart. As Formant Frequency is the speech feature which represents the physiological and psychological condition of a human body. Formant analysis describes various heart parameters which are obtained through an ECG and so the detection of various heart diseases can be possible from speech analysis.
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ABSTRACT Detection and classification of breast cancer at the cellular level is one of the most challenging problems. Since the morphology and other cellular features of cancer cells are different from normal heathy cells, it is possible... more
ABSTRACT Detection and classification of breast cancer at the cellular level is one of the most challenging problems. Since the morphology and other cellular features of cancer cells are different from normal heathy cells, it is possible to classify cancer cells and normal cells using such features. Although various artificial intelligence (AI) techniques including least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) have been used for pattern recognition, their use in classifying breast cancer from cellular images has yet not been established. In this communication, we developed an alternative approach using various AI techniques to classify breast cancer and normal cells using cellular image texture features extracted from cell images of various breast cancer cell lines like MCF-7, MDAMB-231 and the human normal breast cell line MCF-10A. Applying pattern recognition techniques upon various human breast cancer/normal cell images, we successfully performed cellular image segmentation, texture based image feature extraction and subsequent classification of cancer and normal breast cells. Four different AI techniques: K th nearest neighbour (KNN), artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM) and LS-SVM were applied to classify cancer using optimal features obtained from cell segmented images. Our results demonstrated that LS-SVM with both radial basis function (RBF) and linear kernel classifier had the highest classification rate of 95.34% among all. Thus, our LS-SVM classifier was found to be a suitable trained model that could classify the cancer and normal cells using cell image features in a short time unlike other approaches reported so far.
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... asymptotic decay. Kamil K. W´ojcicki and Kuldip K. Paliwal (2007) investigate the effect that the dynamic range of an analysis window has on the intelligibility of speech for phase only and magnitude-only stimuli. [10]. This paper ...
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ABSTRACT The demand for lightweight converters with high control performance and low acoustic noise led to an increase in switching frequencies of hard switched two-level low-voltage 3-phase converters over the last years. For high... more
ABSTRACT The demand for lightweight converters with high control performance and low acoustic noise led to an increase in switching frequencies of hard switched two-level low-voltage 3-phase converters over the last years. For high switching frequencies, converter efficiency suffers and can be kept high only by employing cost intensive switch technology such as SiC diodes or CoolMOS switches; therefore, conventional IGBT technology still prevails. In this paper, the alternative of using three-level converters for low-voltage applications is addressed. The performance and the competitiveness of the three-level T-type converter (3LT2C) is analyzed in detail and underlined with a hardware prototype. The 3LT2 C basically combines the positive aspects of the two-level converter such as low conduction losses, small part count and a simple operation principle with the advantages of the three-level converter such as low switching losses and superior output voltage quality. It is, therefore, considered to be a real alternative to two-level converters for certain low-voltage applications.
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Various Edge detection algorithm has been proposed in the literature for extracting the edges from the image. After emerging the fuzzy logic concept, a lot of Researcher of image processing shifted their attention towards the fuzzy logic... more
Various Edge detection algorithm has been proposed in the literature for extracting the edges from the image. After emerging the fuzzy logic concept, a lot of Researcher of image processing shifted their attention towards the fuzzy logic concept and its applicability in the field of image processing. This paper presents a fuzzy rule base algorithm which is capable of detecting edges efficiently from the gray scale images. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through computer simulation in comparison with the existing sobel and prewitt edge detector.
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The government of India has been launching many satellites for last few years intended for different purposes. The data sent by satellites are captured, processed and analyzed by National remote sensing centre (NRSC) located at various... more
The government of India has been launching many satellites for last few years intended for different purposes. The data sent by satellites are captured, processed and analyzed by National remote sensing centre (NRSC) located at various places. The satellite data is huge and carry enormous information. This information is related to land description, crop assessment, cultivation monitoring, weather forecasting, regional description, underwater analysis, sea water interpretation and so on. The images, particularly sent by satellites suffer with noise signals contributed by several factors such as atmospheric disturbance, addition of unwanted rays, radiometric noise, speckle etc. If the signal quality is not good then the analysis and subsequent applications would not have appropriate impact to the concerned areas of implementation. Therefore, image de-noising becomes essential technique for improving the image quality that could greatly help in further processing of the remotely sense...
This paper addresses the area of image compression as it is applicable to various fields of image processing. On the basis of evaluating and analyzing the current image compression techniques this paper presents Parallel Implementation of... more
This paper addresses the area of image compression as it is applicable to various fields of image processing. On the basis of evaluating and analyzing the current image compression techniques this paper presents Parallel Implementation of Block Truncation Coding (BTC) for Image Compression. It also includes various benefits of using image compression techniques.
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The increasing availability of massively parallel computing architectures and the enormous volume of scientific data being produced make parallel data compression a natural subject of research. We present general-purpose Parallel... more
The increasing availability of massively parallel computing architectures and the enormous volume of scientific data being produced make parallel data compression a natural subject of research. We present general-purpose Parallel algorithms for encoding and decoding using Block Truncation Coding (BTC). Our approach is to segment the image into non- overlapping blocks, which are compressed independently by the processors. We give alternative solution about how to construct, distribute and utilize the model in parallel, and study the effect on the compression performance and execution time. The work efficiency exceeds 50 % with any reasonable number of processors.
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Various switching-based median filter have been proposed in the literature for restoration of extremely corrupted images by impulsive noise (Salt and pepper noise). Progressive switching median filter (PSMF) and Boundary discriminative... more
Various switching-based median filter have been proposed in the literature for restoration of extremely corrupted images by impulsive noise (Salt and pepper noise). Progressive switching median filter (PSMF) and Boundary discriminative noise detection (BDND) median filter are some of these. It is well known that standard median filter(SMF) is not suitable for removing impulse noise from highly corrupted images. The poor efficiency of this filter is due to the fact that it is not able to discriminate the noisy pixel from noiseless pixel. The proposed method uses noise detection stage and then adaptive window shaped filtering stage for the restoration of images contaminated by impulse noise. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through computer simulation in comparison with the PSMF method and standard median filter.
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Today’s wireless networks are characterized by fixed spectrum assignment policy. The limited available spectrum and the inefficiency in the spectrum usage necessitate a new communication paradigm to exploit the existing wireless spectrum... more
Today’s wireless networks are characterized by fixed spectrum assignment policy. The limited available spectrum and the inefficiency in the spectrum usage necessitate a new communication paradigm to exploit the existing wireless spectrum opportunistically. This new networking paradigm is referred to as Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) and cognitive radio networks. Cognitive radio is a paradigm for wireless communication in which either a network or a wireless node changes its transmission or reception parameters to communicate efficiently avoiding interference with licensed or unlicensed users. In practice, the spectrum allocated to licensed primary users is not utilized properly. The secondary unlicensed users can sense and utilize the unutilized spectrum.
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Image and video compression become very popular and intense field in recent decades, due to fast and high quality communication demand of visual information. Currently, JPEG and JPEG2000 are the most popularly used codec's for... more
Image and video compression become very popular and intense field in recent decades, due to fast and high quality communication demand of visual information. Currently, JPEG and JPEG2000 are the most popularly used codec's for achieving image compression. Practically, on the low bit rate compression, it has been observed that the JPEG compressed images suffer from multifarious visual distortions. To address this problem effectively, this paper proposed an innovative Type-2 fuzzy directed hybrid post filtering technique, which is framed to suppress the artifacts generated in JPEG compressed images at low bit rate compression. The proposed technique addresses all three types of JPEG image artifacts: blocking, edges blurring, and aliasing. Furthermore, the proposed technique is structured with two stages to enhance the quality of JPEG compressed images. The first stage removes blocking artifacts using boundary smoothing and guided filtering techniques. The second stage reduces blurring and aliasing around the edges through Type-2 fuzzy directed local edge regeneration. To prove higher artifacts reduction efficiency of proposed work, a complete comparative performance evaluation with other existing JPEG artifact removal techniques has been also presented. This extensive performance analysis includes visual quality assessment of post-filtered images along with a subjective quality assessment on the basis of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) parameter. Performance evaluation illustrates that the proposed approach is efficient; provides PSNR improvement in the range of 0.2 to 1.1 dB as compared to the state of the art algorithms for all bitrates.
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Most of the elderly population suffer from some sort of heart disorders, so, continuous monitoring of heart functioning is required to diagnose diseases proactively. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a tool widely used for identification of... more
Most of the elderly population suffer from some sort of heart disorders, so, continuous monitoring of heart functioning is required to diagnose diseases proactively. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a tool widely used for identification of various heart diseases, but, it requires patients to visit clinic for checkup by experts. As formant frequencies of speech reflect physiological features of the human body, a correlation exists between ECG cycle and Acoustical Cardiogram (ACG) cycle obtained from formant frequency analysis of speech signal. Various heart parameters like RR-cycle duration, heart beat rate, systole cycle etc. can be determined from acoustical RR-cycle. This chapter introduces a novel non-invasive technique for monitoring of human heart functioning through speech analysis by which patients can monitor their heart functioning themselves. Such kind of assistive technology can be useful for elderly population for monitoring of various physical organs of human body as well thr...
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ABSTRACT In this paper, various methods of heart beat variability assessment from speech analysis have been presented. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiological phenomenon where the time interval between heart beats varies. It is... more
ABSTRACT In this paper, various methods of heart beat variability assessment from speech analysis have been presented. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiological phenomenon where the time interval between heart beats varies. It is measured by the variation in the beat-to-beat interval. The present work deals with the HRV detection from speech parameters. RR-cycle detects one heart beat. Continuous monitoring of electrocardiograph for a span of time can provide HRV. More than 250 samples of normal informants as well as heart patients with enlarged heart have been collected during the four years of research work. The regular ECG and speech samples of the patient have been collected and analyzed. Further they had compared with the parameters of a normal healthy informant. Speech samples were collected through a microphone and subjected to be digitized. The required speech segmental have been extracted and analyzed through a DSP tool, PRAAT. ECG sample has been recorded through an ECG machine. A technique of HRV detection from speech analysis has been presented in this paper. The HRV detection from speech can be a very helpful tool in monitoring the functioning of human heart.
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Page 1. Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol., 8(1) (2012), pp. 69-74 International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology ISSN 2229 - 6107 Available online at www.ijopaasat.in Research Paper Isolated Handwritten Devnagri... more
Page 1. Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol., 8(1) (2012), pp. 69-74 International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology ISSN 2229 - 6107 Available online at www.ijopaasat.in Research Paper Isolated Handwritten Devnagri Character Recognition ...
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The proposed algorithm is based on the spatial domain thus Spatial domain methods are discussed in this section. The value of a pixel with coordinates (x, y) in the enhanced image F is the result of performing some operation on the pixels... more
The proposed algorithm is based on the spatial domain thus Spatial domain methods are discussed in this section. The value of a pixel with coordinates (x, y) in the enhanced image F is the result of performing some operation on the pixels in the neighborhood of (x, y) in ...
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Single-sensor digital color cameras use a process called color demosaicking to produce full color images from the data captured by a color filter array (CFA). The quality of demosaicked images is degraded due to the sensor noise... more
Single-sensor digital color cameras use a process called color demosaicking to produce full color images from the data captured by a color filter array (CFA). The quality of demosaicked images is degraded due to the sensor noise introduced during the image acquisition process. The traditional solution for combating CFA sensor noise is demosaicking first, followed by a separate noise reduction i.e. denoising processing. This strategy will generate many noise-caused color artifacts in the demosaicking process, which are hard to remove in the denoising process. This paper presents a novel and modified principle component analysis (PCA) based denoising algorithm, which works directly on the CFA data. By exploiting the spatial and spectral correlations existed in the CFA image, the proposed method can effectively suppress noise while preserving color edges and details. Experiments using both simulated and real CFA images indicate that the proposed scheme outperforms many existing approac...
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The interpretation of the electromagnetic tomography of nanotubes and microtubules becomes challenging due to the low SNR (Signals to noise ratio) and low contrast of the volume data (1). Therefore, image enhancement is crucial for the... more
The interpretation of the electromagnetic tomography of nanotubes and microtubules becomes challenging due to the low SNR (Signals to noise ratio) and low contrast of the volume data (1). Therefore, image enhancement is crucial for the subsequent segmentation and structural analysis of nanotubes. In this paper, we propose two approaches of image enhancement techniques viz. image sharpening (high pass filtering)
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The JPEG standard technique involves three process mapping reduces interpixel redundancy, quantization, which is lossy process and entropy encoding, which is considered lossless process. Lossy JPEG compression is commonly used image... more
The JPEG standard technique involves three process mapping reduces interpixel redundancy, quantization, which is lossy process and entropy encoding, which is considered lossless process. Lossy JPEG compression is commonly used image compression technique. In the present paper a new hybrid technique has been introduced by combining the JPEG algorithm and Symbol Reduction Huffman technique for achieving more compression ratio .In the symbols reduction method , the number of symbols are reduced by combining together to form a new symbol. As a result of this method the number of Huffman code to be generated also reduced. It is simple, fast and easy to implement. The result shows that the performance of standard JPEG technique can be improved by proposed method. This new hybrid approach achieves about 20% more compression ratio than the Standard JPEG.