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  • Buraydah, Al Qasim, Saudi Arabia

Naheed Banu

Despite the extensive use of cisplatin (CP) as a chemotherapeutic agent, its clinical use is often restricted by undesirable side effects, such as toxicity to normal tissues. The aim of this study was to probe the effect of a... more
Despite the extensive use of cisplatin (CP) as a chemotherapeutic agent, its clinical use is often restricted by undesirable side effects, such as toxicity to normal tissues. The aim of this study was to probe the effect of a combinatorial treatment of low multiple doses of antioxidants on CP‐induced toxicity and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in hepatocytes. Animals received a single toxic dose of CP (7.5 mg/kg body weight) with or without combined multiple doses of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) (15 and 5 mg/kg body weight, respectively). CP‐treated animals showed altered biochemical parameters, denoting hepatotoxicity, which was markedly improved by the multidose treatment with EGCG + CoQ10. The increased levels of oxidants found in the cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions isolated from the liver of CP‐administered rats were significantly attenuated by the combinatorial doses of antioxidants. EGCG + CoQ10 ameliorated the CP‐induced compromised antioxidant defenses, oxidative modification of macromolecules, decreased activities of respiratory chain enzymes, altered membrane depolarization, and swelling of liver mitochondria. Furthermore, EGCG + CoQ10 treatment inhibited CP‐induced apoptosis by suppressing the activation and mitochondrial accumulation of proapoptotic proteins and preventing the inhibition of antiapoptotic protein expression, cytochrome c efflux, caspase‐3 activation, and DNA fragmentation. Histological findings further confirmed the protective effects of EGCG + CoQ10 against CP‐induced cellular injury. Our findings revealed that the combination of EGCG and CoQ10, owing to their individual antioxidant properties, can be an effective remedy, which by maintaining redox hemostasis attenuate the mitochondrial stress‐mediated molecular and cellular processes involved in CP‐induced liver toxicity and cell death.
Introduction: This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of crude extract of Solanum nigrum leaves and its active constituents as treatment against restraint stress in rat’s liver. Methods: For this purpose, male... more
Introduction: This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of crude extract of Solanum nigrum leaves and its active constituents as treatment against restraint stress in rat’s liver. Methods: For this purpose, male albino Wistar rats were treated with crude extract of leaves and its alkaloid and flavonoid fractions both before and after 6 h of acute restraint stress. Prooxidant status of rat liver was assessed by determining the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Results: Six hours of restraint stress generated oxidative stress in rat’s liver resulted in a significant rise in the level of the aforementioned liver enzymes. On the other hand, SOD, CAT, and GST enzymatic activities showed a significant decline in their level. The administration of crude leaves extract, both before and after stress exposure, significantly prevented the rise in the level of liver enzymes and reverted the activities of studied biochemical parameters toward their normal control values. However, the reversion was found to be more prominent in after-stress group. Conclusion: The aforementioned results highlight the significant antioxidant potential of S. nigrum extracts. On the basis of our study, we suggest the possible use of S. nigrum leaves extract as a nutritional supplement for combating oxidative stress induced damage.
Glutathione metabolism represents a prospective target for antifilarial drug design, and therefore, the alterations in glutathione (GSH) content of filarial worms by known mammalian GSH depletors i.e. dimethylmaleate (DMM) and phorone... more
Glutathione metabolism represents a prospective target for antifilarial drug design, and therefore, the alterations in glutathione (GSH) content of filarial worms by known mammalian GSH depletors i.e. dimethylmaleate (DMM) and phorone were first thought for investigation in model filarial worms Setaria cervi. The dose dependent GSH depletion was achieved when these worms were incubated at 37°C for 6 h in Hanks balanced salt solution with varying concentrations (10–250 μM) of DMM or phorone. During the short incubation period of 6 h, 250 μM of DMM and phorone declined more than 90 % of the GSH content of filarial worms.
The enhanced levels of acetylcholine, histamine, histaminases and decreased level of acetylcholinesterase are recorded in the duodenal ulcer. These altered biochemical parameters are found reverted towards their control values after pre... more
The enhanced levels of acetylcholine, histamine, histaminases and decreased level of acetylcholinesterase are recorded in the duodenal ulcer. These altered biochemical parameters are found reverted towards their control values after pre and post-treatment with an indigenous drug Amalaki rasayana. The study reveals that Amalaki (Ofjicinalis emblica Linn.) has got both prophylactic and curative property and can be used for the treatment of peptic ulcer.
The purpose of the current study was to examine immobilization stress-induced antioxidant defense changes and estimation of the antioxidant potential of pre and post stress treatment of aqueous garlic extract in rat's liver. For this... more
The purpose of the current study was to examine immobilization stress-induced antioxidant defense changes and estimation of the antioxidant potential of pre and post stress treatment of aqueous garlic extract in rat's liver. For this purpose, male Albino Wistar rats were treated with aqueous garlic extract both pre and after 6 h of immobilization stress. Pro-oxidant status of rat liver was evaluated by determining the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, uric acid and the activities of super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). In response to 6 h of immobilization stress a significant rise in the level of above mentioned liver enzymes were recorded. However, SOD, CAT and GST enzymatic activities showed a sharp decline. The extract treatment before and after stress, almost reverted the activities ...
subsequent enhancement of oxidative load are associated with a wide range of central and peripheral disorders1-3. Exposure to a single session of severe uncontrollable foot shock was reported to cause protracted changes in dogs and rats,... more
subsequent enhancement of oxidative load are associated with a wide range of central and peripheral disorders1-3. Exposure to a single session of severe uncontrollable foot shock was reported to cause protracted changes in dogs and rats, which are now characterized as anxiety and depression-like changes4. Reports also suggested alterations in the physiological parameters like body temperature, locomotion and exploratory behaviour5, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis2 and brain neurotransmitters5,6 in animals acutely exposed to unfamiliar stress. However, there is little information regarding the acute stressinduced central oxidative changes in terms of their initial response and vulnerability in different brain regions and the ABSTRACT: Background and Purpose: Stress-induced central effects are regulated by brain neurotransmitters, glucocorticoids and oxidative processes. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the simultaneous alterations in the monoamine and antioxidant systems in ...
The brain is a sexually dimorphic organ that implies different functions and structures depending on sex. Current pharmacological approaches against different neurological diseases act distinctly in male and female brains. In all... more
The brain is a sexually dimorphic organ that implies different functions and structures depending on sex. Current pharmacological approaches against different neurological diseases act distinctly in male and female brains. In all neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), sex-related outcomes regarding pathogenesis, prevalence, and response to treatments indicate that sex differences are important for precise diagnosis and therapeutic strategy. Pathogenesis of AD includes vascular dementia, and in most cases, this is accompanied by metabolic complications with similar features as those assembled in diabetes. This review discusses how AD-associated dementia and diabetes affect cognition in relation to sex difference, as both diseases share similar pathological mechanisms. We highlight potential protective strategies to mitigate amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathogenesis, emphasizing how these drugs act in the male and female brains.
In order to diagnose and characterise a major corneal infection,... more
In order to diagnose and characterise a major corneal infection, 'keratitis,' which can lead to blindness, molecular studies were conducted to assess the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains in patients suffering from keratitis. The selected culture positive for strains of S aureus were subjected to 18 antimicrobial drugs for their sensitivity behaviour, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin was determined by the microdilution method as recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Further, S strains were characterised using molecular tools. Among the 202 cases included in the present study, 64 (31.2%) cases were found to be S aureus-positive, of which only six strains were MRSA. The highest resistance was observed for penicillin (65.6%) which was followed by a significant number of bacterial isolates showing resistance to methicillin (9.3%), while all organisms were susceptible to vancomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of oxacillin for MRSA strains ranged between 16 and 128 microg/ml. A multiplex PCR assay for Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec complex (SCCmec) of MRSA strains (N=6) showed that five MRSA strains had a Type III cassette, and one had a Type II cassette. The pulsed field gel electrophoresis of three MRSA strains showed closely related band patterns. The close relatedness among bacterial strains as observed by employing different typing techniques suggests that the clonal characteristics of multiresistant MRSA isolates could be deciphered. The presence of Type II SCCmec in keratitis subjects is probably the first report from India, as it has not been reported earlier.
SARS-CoV-2, an epidemic, causes severe stress in both human and animals and may induce oxidative stress (OS) and increases susceptibility to infection. Domestic animals are found infected by their COVID-2 suffering owners. Chronic... more
SARS-CoV-2, an epidemic, causes severe stress in both human and animals and may induce oxidative stress (OS) and increases susceptibility to infection. Domestic animals are found infected by their COVID-2 suffering owners. Chronic immobilization stress (CIS), a model of psychological and physical stress of confinement, can trigger depression and anxiety in animals. We evaluated the ameliorative effect of the proposed SARS-CoV-2 prophylactic drugs melatonin, vitamin C, and zinc on CIS-induced OS, inflammation, and DNA damage in rats. Forty male Swiss albino rats (200–250 g, 7–9 weeks old) were divided into five groups as controls, CIS, treated with melatonin (20 mg/kg), and vitamin C plus zinc [VitC+Zn (250 + 2.5 mg/kg)] alone or in combination (melatonin+VitC+zinc) subjected to CIS for 3 weeks. CIS was induced by immobilizing the whole body of the rats in wire mesh cages of their size with free movement of head. Exposure to CIS significantly compromised the circulatory activities of...
Production of environmentally amenable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has garnered the interest of the scientific community owing to their broad application primarily in the field of optronics, sensing and extensively in pharmaceuticals as... more
Production of environmentally amenable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has garnered the interest of the scientific community owing to their broad application primarily in the field of optronics, sensing and extensively in pharmaceuticals as promising antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. The current study emphases on production of ecofriendly silver nanoparticles from Brassica oleracea (BO) and investigated their antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant activity. The characteristics of synthesized BO-AgNPs were studied by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, particle size analysis, electro kinetic/zeta potential analysis, and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). A distinctive absorption maximum at 400 nm confirmed the formation of BO-AgNPs and data on TEM analysis have shown that the synthesized nanoparticles were predominantly spherical in shape. The BO-AgNPs obtained were assessed for antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic ability in MCF-7 cells. The antibacterial act...
Liver dysfunction is a topic of global concern with many advancing therapies being researched. Though vitamin D takes a center place, other therapies especially nutritional are also gaining ground. Vitamin D has gone beyond its role in... more
Liver dysfunction is a topic of global concern with many advancing therapies being researched. Though vitamin D takes a center place, other therapies especially nutritional are also gaining ground. Vitamin D has gone beyond its role in skeletal disorders by showcasing its associations in other metabolic dysfunctions too. Epidemiological evidences show a correlation between the status of vitamin D and different forms of cancer. Vitamin D receptors and alterations in gene expression appear decisive in the development of chronic liver disorders. Nutritional status therefore plays a significant role in avoiding the complications related to liver dysfunctions, making it mandatory in maintaining vitamin D sufficiency in the body. Therapies with omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, amino acids, steroids also render benefits which could be further explored. Recent research on the progression of certain forms of liver cancer using vitamin D analogs like Seocalcitol EB 1089 has shown good promi...
To investigate the oxidative stress induced by 6 h of immobilization stress in Albino Wistar rats. Further, the pre- and post-treatment of aqueous garlic extract was studied to evaluate its preventive and curative efficacy on... more
To investigate the oxidative stress induced by 6 h of immobilization stress in Albino Wistar rats. Further, the pre- and post-treatment of aqueous garlic extract was studied to evaluate its preventive and curative efficacy on stress-induced altered oxidative parameters in rats. Albino Wistar rats were exposed to 6 h of immobilization stress, and received garlic extract (100 mg/kg body weight) treatment pre- or post-stress exposure. The oxidative status of plasma after various treatments were evaluated by determining the levels of reduced glutathione, glucose, uric acid, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase by standardized procedures. Immobilization of rats generated oxidative stress in rat plasma, by decreasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione levels and glucose, while increasing the lipid pe...
Cisplatin (CP), a platinum based anticancer drug is used as one of the first-line therapy for the treatment of different types of solid tumors. However, CP-induced side effects particularly, nephrotoxicity is a major concern. A single... more
Cisplatin (CP), a platinum based anticancer drug is used as one of the first-line therapy for the treatment of different types of solid tumors. However, CP-induced side effects particularly, nephrotoxicity is a major concern. A single nephrotoxic dose (7 mg/kg body weight) of CP was administered in rats with or without, pre and post combined multidoses of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) (15 and 5 mg/kg body weight respectively). CP administration resulted in marked increase in the nephrotoxic parameters with alterations in the oxidative and nitrosative stress markers. The concentration of inflammatory, as well as apoptotic markers were markedly up-regulated in the kidney of the CP-treated group. Furthermore, CP resulted in histological injury in the renal tissues. Combined antioxidant treatment significantly (p < 0.01) attenuated CP-induced oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic parameters. Moreover, an improvement in the histopa...
A soluble β-galactoside-binding lectin was purified by gel filtration chromatography from Bubalus bubalis heart. Its metal-independent nature, molecular weight of 14.5 kDa, preferential affinity for β-D-lactose, and 87-92% identity with... more
A soluble β-galactoside-binding lectin was purified by gel filtration chromatography from Bubalus bubalis heart. Its metal-independent nature, molecular weight of 14.5 kDa, preferential affinity for β-D-lactose, and 87-92% identity with carbohydrate recognition domain of previously reported galectin-1 confirmed its inclusion in galectin-1 subfamily. Stokes radii determination using gel filtration under reducing and non-reducing conditions revealed its homo-dimeric nature, further confirming its Gal-1 nomenclature. The purified lectin was found to be the most stable mammalian heart galectin purified till date, suggesting its preferential use in various recognition studies. Treatment of the purified lectin with oxidizing agent, thiol blocking reagents, denaturants, and detergents resulted in significant changes in UV-VIS, fluorescence, CD and FTIR spectra, which strongly emphasized the important aspect of regular secondary structure of galectins for the maintenance of their active conformation. Reduction of the activity of the purified lectin after oxidation by H2O2, with remarkable fluorescence quenching, may suggest potential role for galectin-1 in free radical-induced, oxidative stress-mediated cardiovascular disorders. The predictions of bioinformatics studies were found to be in accordance with the results obtained in wet lab.
Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) can influence the risk and progression of cancer through increased oxidative stress. Pomegranate is known to protect carcinogenesis through its anti-oxidative properties. This study is carried out to... more
Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) can influence the risk and progression of cancer through increased oxidative stress. Pomegranate is known to protect carcinogenesis through its anti-oxidative properties. This study is carried out to examine whether CUS affects the chemopreventive potential of pomegranate through oxidative stress pathway. Role of CUS on early stages of 7, 12 dimethyl benz(a) anthracene (DMBA) induced carcinogenesis, and its pre-exposure effect on chemopreventive efficacy of pomegranate juice (PJ) was examined in terms of in vivo antioxidant and biochemical parameters in Swiss albino rats. Rats were divided in various groups and were subjected to CUS paradigm, DMBA administration (65 mg/kg body weight, single dose), and PJ treatment. Exposure to stress (alone) and DMBA (alone) led to increased oxidative stress by significantly decreasing the antioxidant enzymes activities and altering the glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels. A significant increase in DNA damage demonstrated by comet assay was seen in the liver cells. Stress exposure to DMBA-treated rats further increased the oxidative stress and disturbed the biochemical parameters as compared to DMBA (alone)-treated rats. Chemoprevention with PJ in DMBA (alone)-treated rats restored the altered parameters. However, in the pre-stress DMBA-treated rats, the overall antioxidant potential of PJ was significantly diminished. Our results indicate that chronic stress not only increases the severity of carcinogenesis but also diminishes the anti-oxidative efficacy of PJ. In a broader perspective, special emphasis should be given to stress management and healthy diet during cancer chemoprevention.
In the present study, myocardial infarction was induced experimentally in rats by isoprenaline injection. Circulating GOT, LDH, CPK, cAMP, Cortisol, pyruvate, lactate glucose and cardiac cAMP adenyl cyclase levels were gradually increased... more
In the present study, myocardial infarction was induced experimentally in rats by isoprenaline injection. Circulating GOT, LDH, CPK, cAMP, Cortisol, pyruvate, lactate glucose and cardiac cAMP adenyl cyclase levels were gradually increased and serum and cardiac cAMP-PDE levels were gradually decreased from 1 hour to 120 hours after the first injection of isoprenaline. In the rats pretreated with ciplar (beta blocker) or Pushkarmula (indigenous drug) these changes were less when compared to untreated infarcted rats. Similar type of results were also observed in the infarcted rats post treated with Pushkarmula. The pretreatment with Pushkarmula was found to be more effective than post treatment which gives a preventive and curative bearing of the drug in myocardial infarction.
Lectins are the (glyco)proteins that recognize and bind to specific sugar moieties without altering their structure. Galectins are mammalian lectins characterized by the presence of conserved 134 amino acids carbohydrate recognition... more
Lectins are the (glyco)proteins that recognize and bind to specific sugar moieties without altering their structure. Galectins are mammalian lectins characterized by the presence of conserved 134 amino acids carbohydrate recognition domain and specificity for β-galactosides. The involvement of lectins in diverse biological spectrum, especially some deadly human diseases like cancer, neurological disorders and cardiovascular disorders has proclaimed them as one of the important components of glycobiology, thereby seeking the methods of their detection and identification heavily desirable. In the present manuscript, we have provided a comprehensive outline of various methods of detection and identification of lectins employed till date, with their needs and usage varying according to the level of infrastructure of laboratories and around the world. In addition, a vision for some quick, highly sensitive and advanced methods for lectin detection and identification for diagnostic and therapeutic of various diseases is also provided.
Social stressors evolving from individual and population interactions produce stress reactions in many organisms (including humans), influencing homeostasis, altering the activity of the immunological system, and thus leading to various... more
Social stressors evolving from individual and population interactions produce stress reactions in many organisms (including humans), influencing homeostasis, altering the activity of the immunological system, and thus leading to various pathological states including cancer and their progression. The present study sought to validate the effectiveness of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) in cancer promotion and to assess oxidative stress outcomes in terms of various in vivo biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, DNA damage, and the development of skin tumors in Swiss albino mice. Animals were randomized into different groups based on their exposure to CUS alone, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) alone (topical), and DMBA-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (topical) and exposure to CUS prior to DMBA or DMBA-TPA treatments and sacrificed after 16 weeks of treatment. Prior exposure to CUS significantly increased the pro-oxidant effect of carcinogen, depicted by compromised levels of antioxidants in the circulation and skin, accompanied by enhanced lipid peroxidation, plasma corticosterone, and marker enzymes as compared to DMBA-alone or DMBA-TPA treatments. DNA damage results corroborated the above biochemical outcomes. Also, the development of skin tumors (in terms of their incidence, tumor yield, and tumor burden) in mice in the presence and absence of stress further strongly supported our above biochemical measurements. CUS may work as a promoter of carcinogenesis by enhancing the pro-oxidant potential of carcinogens. Further studies may be aimed at the development of interventions for disease prevention by identifying the relations between psychological factors and DNA damage.
Chronic exposure to psychological stress in humans and restraint stress in experimental animals results in increased oxidative stress and resultant tissue damage. To study the contribution of stress hormones towards stress-induced... more
Chronic exposure to psychological stress in humans and restraint stress in experimental animals results in increased oxidative stress and resultant tissue damage. To study the contribution of stress hormones towards stress-induced oxidative processes in the brain, we investigated the response of important free-radical scavenging enzymes toward chronic administration of two doses of corticosterone (low dose: 10 mg/kg/day, high dose: 40 mg/kg/day) in rodents. After a 21-day experimental period, a significant decline in both superoxide dismutase and catalase was observed in both stressed and stress hormone-treated animals. The brain levels of glutathione as well as the activities of glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase were also significantly decreased, while lipid peroxidation levels were significantly increased in comparison to controls. A direct pro-oxidant effect of stress hormones in the brain during physical and psychological stress was observed, indicating importa...
In the present study, myocardial infarction was induced experimentally in rats by isoprenaline injection. Circulating GOT, LDH, CPK, cAMP, Cortisol, pyruvate, lactate glucose and cardiac cAMP adenyl cyclase levels were gradually increased... more
In the present study, myocardial infarction was induced experimentally in rats by isoprenaline injection. Circulating GOT, LDH, CPK, cAMP, Cortisol, pyruvate, lactate glucose and cardiac cAMP adenyl cyclase levels were gradually increased and serum and cardiac cAMP-PDE levels were gradually decreased from 1 hour to 120 hours after the first injection of isoprenaline. In the rats pretreated with ciplar (beta blocker) or Pushkarmula (indigenous drug) these changes were less when compared to untreated infarcted rats. Similar type of results were also observed in the infarcted rats post treated with Pushkarmula. The pretreatment with Pushkarmula was found to be more effective than post treatment which gives a preventive and curative bearing of the drug in myocardial infarction.
... S. Hasan, N. Bilal, S. Fatima, N. Suhail, K. Anwar, S. Sharma, N. Banu ... Acknowledgment We thank Dr. Jörg Eisfeld and PD Dr. Frank Kühn from the Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen, for helpful discussions, and Ilinca Ionescu for... more
... S. Hasan, N. Bilal, S. Fatima, N. Suhail, K. Anwar, S. Sharma, N. Banu ... Acknowledgment We thank Dr. Jörg Eisfeld and PD Dr. Frank Kühn from the Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen, for helpful discussions, and Ilinca Ionescu for expert technical assistance. ...

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The 1st World Congress on Geriatrics and Neurodegenerative Disease Research (GeNeDis 2014), focused on recent advances in geriatrics and neurodegeneration, ranging from basic science to clinical and pharmaceutical developments, providing... more
The 1st World Congress on Geriatrics and Neurodegenerative Disease Research (GeNeDis 2014), focused on recent advances in geriatrics and neurodegeneration, ranging from basic science to clinical and pharmaceutical developments, providing an international forum for the latest scientific discoveries, medical practices and care initiatives. Advances information technologies had been discussed along with their implications for various research, implementation and policy concerns. In addition, the conference addressed several European and global issues in the funding of long-term care and medico-social policies regarding elderly people. GeNeDis 2014 took place in Corfu, Greece, 10-13 April 2014. This volume focuses on the sessions that address Neurodegeneration.