Claudio Carlini
RSE, Power System Development Department, Department Member
- Distributed generation & energy storage systems, Electrical Power Distribution, Smart Grid, Electrical Power Distribution Network Optimization with Distributed Generation and Smartgrids, Electrical Power Distribution and Renewable Energy, Distributed Generation, and 11 morePower System, Electric Power Systems, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Transportation Studies, Transportation, Transport Planning, Public Transport, Sustainable Transportation, Storage of Electrical Energy, Electrical Storage, Energy Efficiency, and Energy Storageedit
- Claudio Carlini received his degree in Electrical Engineering from Università di Pavia in 2010. He joined RSE in the ... moreClaudio Carlini received his degree in Electrical Engineering from Università di Pavia in 2010. He joined RSE in the same year; his main fields of interest are the optimization of distribution network in presence of distributed generation and storage systems and the electric mobility topic with particular reference to public transportation systems.
Linkedin: https://it.linkedin.com/in/claudio-carlini-5aa2a4132/en
ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Claudio_Carliniedit
The electrification of vessels represents at the same time an initial and innovative phenomenon to achieve national and international targets in terms of environment and air quality protection. In Italy, most of ports are not connected to... more
The electrification of vessels represents at the same time an initial and innovative phenomenon to achieve national and international targets in terms of environment and air quality protection. In Italy, most of ports are not connected to the national electricity grid, relying on diesel generation. A new heavy electric load, consisting of the recharging of an electrified vessel, could add destabilizing elements which deserve investigation. This situation can be particularly serious for areas where they already suffer from difficult topological conditions, such as smaller islands not interconnected to the national transmission network. A methodology for the estimation of the impact on the electricity grid of a smaller island is established. The technical analysis of the interaction between a smaller island’s electricity grid and a hypothetical retrofitted vessel (based on a real diesel powered one), carried out based on the timetable of service, consumption, and associated recharge requirements is selected as case study. The survey, which is conditioned by the limited availability of public data, therefore intends to focus on the integration, primarily of energy, of charging into a small electricity system such as that typical of a smaller island.
Research Interests:
The Valle d'Aosta Region has set among its objectives the use of hydrogen from renewable sources in transport, recognizing its value, in line with what is described by the European Commission (EC) about the use of hydrogen as one of the... more
The Valle d'Aosta Region has set among its objectives the use of hydrogen from renewable sources in transport, recognizing its value, in line with what is described by the European Commission (EC) about the use of hydrogen as one of the alternative fuels with long-term potential. The Directive on Infrastructure for Alternative Fuels (DAFI) has established a common framework of measures in the European Union (EU), to be implemented through national strategic frameworks. Last but not least, the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR, known as the “Recovery Plan”) indicates a support strategy very oriented towards sustainable mobility. This document therefore proposes to deepen from a technical-economic and energy point of view the already known considerations relating to the hypothetical transformation of the Aosta - Pré-Saint-Didier (- Courmayeur) section to tram-train, including in the evaluation of alternatives also the last ones. technological developments related to a model based on fuel cell. As a reference, the recently implemented system in Foshan (China) is considered.
The analyses show a potential economic relevance for the hydrogen tram-train solution, the cost associated with hydrogen fuel currently makes this solution uncompetitive with respect to catenary electrification.
The analyses show a potential economic relevance for the hydrogen tram-train solution, the cost associated with hydrogen fuel currently makes this solution uncompetitive with respect to catenary electrification.
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Extreme weather events are getting more and more frequent and may lead to severe effects on electric distribution systems, in terms of damages to the infrastructure and failures in the energy supply to the customers. Thus, network... more
Extreme weather events are getting more and more frequent and may lead to severe effects on electric distribution systems, in terms of damages to the infrastructure and failures in the energy supply to the customers. Thus, network operators call for tools able both to forecast contingencies on the basis of weather predictions and to suggest countermeasures to boost system resilience. The paper describes the method and a tool for resilience assessment and enhancement for distribution networks in case of extreme natural events and, in particular, wet snow storms. The tool operates in two stages: a risk-based module to detect critical lines (more prone to fail due to wet snow sleeves), and an OPF module which assures minimum anti-icing currents on previously identified critical lines. The simulations performed on a model of a real-world High Voltage (HV)/Medium Voltage (MV) grid in the Italian Alps demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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According to many national and international directives in term of environment and air quality protection, nowadays in Europe many cities’ public administrations are considering the adoption of electric buses for the public transport... more
According to many national and international directives in term of environment and air quality protection, nowadays in Europe many cities’ public administrations are considering the adoption of electric buses for the public transport service. In Italy, there are already significant examples of this phenomenon. The main aim of the paper consists in providing a preliminary economic assessment for the adoption of electric buses, considering the whole economic aspect in comparison with similar vehicles based on traditional propulsion systems.
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The research activity aims to explain the expected effects of the future development of eMobility and the related charging infrastructures on Italian distribution networks. South Tyrol one has been chosen as reference case. The activity... more
The research activity aims to explain the expected effects of the future development of eMobility and the related charging infrastructures on Italian distribution networks. South Tyrol one has been chosen as reference case. The activity has been carried out In collaboration with Edyna (South Tyrol regional Distribution System Operator) and Alperia (South Tyrol energy provider). General and detailed analyses, based on locations, penetration rates and power profiles, on networks show that eMobility impact will be quite moderate in the next few years, but it will gain importance approaching 2030 and onwards. To face these challenges, significant investments in the distribution networks have to be planned. Smart solutions (e.g. load modulation, peak shaving etc.) will allow to reduce the required investments. A suitable regulatory framework is needed in order to support distribution network operators and technical players in this challenge.
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Strategies outlined at national and European level, aimed at increasing the sustainability of the energy sector, are fostering alternative drive systems for public and private transport. In particular, e-mobility’s market share is... more
Strategies outlined at national and European level, aimed at increasing the sustainability of the energy sector, are fostering alternative drive systems for public and private transport. In particular, e-mobility’s market share is expected to increase significantly in the years ahead. The paper summarizes the results of activities on assessing the effect of the future development of electric mobility and related charging infrastructure on the Edyna network (South Tyrol).
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Extreme weather events may disrupt the transmission and distribution (T&D) network infrastructure, with consequent interruption of the power supply. Facing this issue requires in-depth analyses of the vulnerabilities of T&D components to... more
Extreme weather events may disrupt the transmission and distribution (T&D) network infrastructure, with consequent interruption of the power supply. Facing this issue requires in-depth analyses of the vulnerabilities of T&D components to natural threats, and deploying suitable measures to prevent the resulting - also multiple, dependent - contingencies. To this aim, the authors have developed a comprehensive methodology and tool, based on the risk concept, to assess the resilience of T&D
networks as a whole. Simulations, performed on the model of a portion of the Italian T&D grid including two MV (Medium Voltage) feeders and a part of the surrounding transmission system in Aosta Valley, demonstrate the ability of the tool in identifying the critical components in presence of threats and in quantifying the resilience benefits brought by reinforcements (e.g. reconductoring) or operational solutions (e.g. reconfiguration of MV counterfeeds).
networks as a whole. Simulations, performed on the model of a portion of the Italian T&D grid including two MV (Medium Voltage) feeders and a part of the surrounding transmission system in Aosta Valley, demonstrate the ability of the tool in identifying the critical components in presence of threats and in quantifying the resilience benefits brought by reinforcements (e.g. reconductoring) or operational solutions (e.g. reconfiguration of MV counterfeeds).
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L’area insubrica, zona a cavallo fra Italia e Svizzera, si sta distinguendo per numerose azioni in questo senso: nel lato italiano per la proposta di realizzazione di una metro-tranvia per il capoluogo di Como e nel lato svizzero per la... more
L’area insubrica, zona a cavallo fra Italia e Svizzera, si sta distinguendo per numerose azioni in questo senso: nel lato italiano per la proposta di realizzazione di una metro-tranvia per il capoluogo di Como e nel lato svizzero per la realizzazione di una soluzione definita “MaaS” (Mobility as a Service / Mobilità come servizio) basata sull’integrazione e sull’interoperabilità tra diversi soggetti della mobilità (TPL, car pooling, car sharing ecc.). Questa, promossa dalle Ferrovie Federali Svizzere (FFS) a partire dal 2017 riunisce, per l’intero territorio elvetico, in un unico pacchetto prodotti e servizi differenti (ad esempio il noleggio a lungo termine di un’auto elettrica, l’abbonamento generale al trasporto pubblico e ai P+R), ma complementari tra loro. L’esistenza fin d’ora di titoli di viaggio transfrontalieri italo-svizzeri validi per la libera circolazione su treni regionali in Lombardia, su tutti i mezzi pubblici del Cantone Ticino e l’avvio a breve del progetto Interreg Italia - Svizzera SMISTO avente l’obiettivo di integrare i diversi servizi di trasporto pubblico (ferro-gomma-navigazione) e incentivare la diffusione della mobilità elettrica nell’area, non fanno altro che identificare quel territorio come ideale per azioni pilota.
L’attività si è quindi incentrata sulla proiezione di scenari futuribili per quanto concerne la mobilità sostenibile dell’area, ipotizzando la sovrapposizione di infrastrutture ad alta innovazione (metro-tranvia a ricarica flash) e soluzioni MaaS (estensione del programma MaaS FFS anche in territorio italiano, ovviamente con le peculiarità proprie del contesto nazionale), valutandone, anche attraverso considerazioni economiche, di conseguenza gli aspetti di aggravio per la rete elettrica della zona. Per questo si è fatto particolare riferimento al futuro parcheggio di interscambio di Camerlata.
L’attività si è quindi incentrata sulla proiezione di scenari futuribili per quanto concerne la mobilità sostenibile dell’area, ipotizzando la sovrapposizione di infrastrutture ad alta innovazione (metro-tranvia a ricarica flash) e soluzioni MaaS (estensione del programma MaaS FFS anche in territorio italiano, ovviamente con le peculiarità proprie del contesto nazionale), valutandone, anche attraverso considerazioni economiche, di conseguenza gli aspetti di aggravio per la rete elettrica della zona. Per questo si è fatto particolare riferimento al futuro parcheggio di interscambio di Camerlata.
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The steadily increase of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in Electricity Distribution Networks (DNs) can affect the security and quality levels of the supply. To overcome these issues the Distribution System Operators (DSOs) have to... more
The steadily increase of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in Electricity Distribution Networks (DNs) can affect the security and quality levels of the supply. To overcome these issues the Distribution System Operators (DSOs) have to adopt control solutions which, on the other hand, could however make the management of the network more complex. Meanwhile, DSOs are considering the installation of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) as possible solution, testing them all over Europe. In Italy the National Regulatory Authority has supported a set of pilot projects in order to fully exploit the flexibility available from ESS. It is defined a methodology, currently adopted by an Italian DSO in real field, to optimally manage, respecting different goals (reduction on losses, etc.), the multiple connection points of an ESS in Medium Voltage (MV) networks. The outputs are proposed, through a human-machine interface as a rank of best solutions, to the operator at the network operation centre. In this case the worker has a new responsibility; it consists in applying the definitive choice that mixes the best theoretical technical-economic answer with practical knowledge and skills. In this paper the optimization methodology and interaction with the human operator are presented.
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The paper focuses on the new European proposals and current Italian laws, in terms of energy aggregation for local assets, the possible boundaries between energy communities and DSOs, and some preliminary considerations about the... more
The paper focuses on the new European proposals and current Italian laws, in terms of energy aggregation for local assets, the possible boundaries between energy communities and DSOs, and some preliminary considerations about the allocation of system costs. A comparison with the Swiss framework, related to a non-EU member and characterized by some forms of energy communities are done.
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Una maggiore diffusione della mobilità elettrica (e-mobility) potrebbe essere una delle soluzioni in grado di fornire un contributo positivo ad alcuni problemi che caratterizzano gran parte dei territori fortemente antropizzati, quali la... more
Una maggiore diffusione della mobilità elettrica (e-mobility) potrebbe essere una delle soluzioni in grado di fornire un contributo positivo ad alcuni problemi che caratterizzano gran parte dei territori fortemente antropizzati, quali la qualità dell'aria, la congestione del traffico ed il rumore. In questa direzione sono numerose le amministrazioni locali che stanno gradualmente prendendo in considerazione, anche sulla base dei recenti provvedimenti governativi, la sostituzione del parco autoveicoli di trasporto pubblico con mezzi basati sulla trazione elettrica. D’altro canto la legge, che non definisce norme imperative in termini di infrastrutture per tali combustibili nel trasporto pubblico locale, demanda la questione ai singoli paesi membri, diversi dei quali non hanno ancora recepito il provvedimento. Date queste premesse, una disomogenea e non standardizzata distribuzione di infrastrutture dedicate alla mobilità elettrica, sia di tipo collettivo sia privato, può rappresentare una barriera ad un suo sviluppo efficiente, superabile solamente attraverso un coordinamento generale ed una strategia comune fra territori. Accade infatti di sovente che le singole comunità locali non percepiscano la necessità di investimenti, e che azioni di coordinamento non siano limitate solo al proprio ambito territoriale. Questo fenomeno si è verificato, e si verifica tuttora, all’interno di un’area definita Spazio Alpino (AS), composta da regioni caratterizzate contemporaneamente da rilevanti limiti infrastrutturali, principalmente legati alle barriere orografiche e da vie di collegamento, spesso transfrontaliere, contraddistinte da notevoli volumi di traffico da e per i poli economicamente sviluppati. In questo senso i bandi europei di progetto Interreg, finanziati dai Fondi Europei Strutturali Regionali (FESR) sono nati con l’obiettivo di rimuovere le barriere tecniche, oltre che sociali e culturali, per promuovere lo sviluppo di queste aree in senso armonico, nello specifico attraverso forme di trasporto connesso e sostenibile. Il presente contributo intende illustrare il progetto europeo Interreg Spazio Alpino e-MOTICON, avviato nel novembre 2016 e terminante nell’aprile 2019, che ha l’obiettivo di contribuire alla diffusione omogenea della mobilità elettrica in tutto lo AS fornendo, con il supporto di Pubbliche Amministrazioni (PA), una strategia transnazionale, piani di azione regionale e linee guida operative riguardanti l’impiego e la ricarica di veicoli elettrici sia di tipo collettivo pubblico sia privato. e-MOTICON riunisce 15 partner provenienti da 5 paesi e 41 osservatori tra i quali ministeri dell’energia e dei trasporti (il Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti per l’Italia), autorità di gestione, organismi regionali, centri di ricerca e investitori privati. Saranno esposti gli aspetti cardine di progetto che, sulla base di analisi dettagliate di stato della tecnica, dei modelli di business e degli schemi comportamentali correnti nell’area alpina, costituiscono la base informativa per la redazione di una strategia transnazionale dell’elettro-mobilità e di un libro bianco che descriverà le migliori pratiche e un modello per la pianificazione delle infrastrutture, applicato a sua volta tramite azioni pilota nei vari territori coinvolti. Successivamente il contributo presenterà un caso studio reale, relativo a un collegamento di trasporto pubblico di linea transfrontaliero operato con un veicolo elettrico che, oltre a rappresentare nella sua completezza gli ostacoli tipici delle linee di trasporto internazionali, mostra le ulteriori difficoltà legate agli aspetti di gestione del mezzo dal punto di vista della ricarica ai due capolinea.
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La necessità di affrontare i cambiamenti climatici, aumentare l'indipendenza energetica e migliorare la competitività dell'industria, sta incoraggiando i paesi europei a intraprendere politiche energetiche volte a ridurre le emissioni di... more
La necessità di affrontare i cambiamenti climatici, aumentare l'indipendenza energetica e migliorare la competitività dell'industria, sta incoraggiando i paesi europei a intraprendere politiche energetiche volte a ridurre le emissioni di gas serra, aumentare lo sfruttamento delle Fonti Energetiche Rinnovabili (FER) e promuovere l'efficienza energetica. In questo contesto, l’obiettivo di ridurre il traffico e migliorare la qualità dell'aria nelle aree densamente popolate ha incoraggiato diverse città a promuovere soluzioni innovative, sia per il trasporto pubblico sia per quello privato, basate sul vettore elettrico. Nello scenario italiano si possono segnalare le iniziative di alcune amministrazioni locali che, anche alla luce dei recenti provvedimenti governativi, stanno guidando le proprie società di trasporto pubblico all’acquisto di automezzi basati sulla trazione elettrica; per alcune città, come nel caso di Milano, si prospetta uno scenario 2030 caratterizzato dall’impiego praticamente esclusivo di automezzi full electric. Nel panorama europeo sono già presenti diversi esempi di soluzioni innovative per TPL: accanto a soluzioni più convenzionali che vedono la ricarica al deposito e al capolinea, altre tecnologie sono basate su un sistema di ricarica veloce alle fermate e al capolinea (“flash charging”). Sistemi di trasporto di questo tipo sono stati recentemente realizzati a Ginevra, Davos (Svizzera) e sono in corso di implementazione a Nantes (Francia). La presenza di accumuli presso l’infrastruttura di ricarica flash consente di disaccoppiare il prelievo energetico dalla rete dall’immissione nelle batterie a bordo del veicolo; questa soluzione permette, innanzi tutto, di ridurre la potenza impegnata e quindi i costi. Inoltre, la presenza di un sistema di accumulo può costituire un’opportunità ulteriore di interazione tra rete di trasporto pubblico e rete elettrica. In prospettiva risulta possibile, infatti, erogare servizi ausiliari alla rete elettrica (qui denominati flash2grid), per esempio per il supporto alla riduzione delle interruzioni brevi nella fornitura elettrica (di durata inferiore ai 3 minuti). Il contributo è composto da una prima parte riguardante un’analisi tecnica di interazione fra rete elettrica di distribuzione e TPL elettrico convenzionale per il caso studio Città di Milano – scenario 2030. Nella seconda parte è simulata la presenza di una linea TPL urbana di tipologia a ricarica flash presso Roma Capitale, valutandone i possibili contributi in termini di servizi ausiliari verso la rete elettrica di distribuzione, erogati grazie ai dispositivi di accumulo presenti alle fermate.
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The development of new sustainable mobility solutions and the constraints about air quality in urban areas are outlining the new guidelines about energy policies. This paper considers a catenary-free tram solution based on an innovative... more
The development of new sustainable mobility solutions and the constraints about air quality in urban areas are outlining the new guidelines about energy policies. This paper considers a catenary-free tram solution based on an innovative recharging system, “flash” along the path and “slow” at the end. The vehicle, equipped with ultra-capacitors, is able to complete each “flash” charge within thirty seconds. This situation can significantly impact electrical distribution networks that, if not adequately equipped and managed, may be subjected to violations of voltage and current constraints. The paper describes the methodology developed for analyzing the impact of this new transport technology on Italian electricity distribution networks, simulating its application in a metropolis scenario and in a rural one, and finally giving an evaluation of its potential replication.
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Active Distribution Networks (ADNs), which are distribution networks with high presence of Distributed Generation (DG) – in particular from Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) - represent a challenge for Distributed System Operators (DSOs).... more
Active Distribution Networks (ADNs), which are distribution networks with high presence of Distributed Generation (DG) – in particular from Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) - represent a challenge for Distributed System Operators (DSOs). In recent years, the installation of Electrical Storage Systems (ESSs) managed by the DSO is under investigation as a possible option for increasing the flexibility of network operation, enhancing the Power Quality, improving voltage profiles and managing energy losses. The optimization of the connection point in the planning phase (i.e. seasonally, weekly…), obtained through an objective function minimizing network losses under voltage and current constraints, is fundamental for these resources and represents a further option to increase their effectiveness. The paper discusses the definition of a proper metric to rank the different connection points. Besides, it describes a related automatic procedure implemented in an Italian network in order to show the advantage of the methodology.
Research Interests: Power System, Distributed Generation, Smart Grid, Electric Power Systems, Power system distribution, and 7 moreElectrical Power Distribution and Renewable Energy, Energy Storage, Electrical Power Distribution Network Optimization with Distributed Generation and Smartgrids, Storage of Electrical Energy, Electrical Storage, Energy Efficiency, Distributed generation & energy storage systems, and Electrical Power Distribution
Air pollution and high traffic density in northern Lombardy (Italy) and Ticino (Switzerland). Intermodality, pooling & sharing, “green” public transport as solutions. Innovative electric public transport systems on the market impacting on... more
Air pollution and high traffic density in northern Lombardy (Italy) and Ticino (Switzerland). Intermodality, pooling & sharing, “green” public transport as solutions. Innovative electric public transport systems on the market impacting on electricity networks (e.g. e-Bus Rapid Transit, e-BRTs, and flash-charging catenary-free Light Railway Transit, LRTs). Planned restoration of the abandoned Malnate (IT) – Stabio (CH) "Valmorea” railway. The area is characterized by strict environmental constraints (presence of a regional park). Currently, new railway’s infrastructures are not yet defined. The aim of activity is about evaluating the adoption of a flash charging catenary-free Light Railway System in the international “Valmorea” railway, investigating and comparing the impact of the considered solution on the Italian and Swiss electricity distribution networks.
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This paper deals on the featured impact of the spread of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) technology in the Italian distribution networks framework. Because of its particular charging method, quick at stops and slower at terminals, an... more
This paper deals on the featured impact of the spread of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) technology in the Italian distribution networks framework. Because of its particular charging method, quick at stops and slower at terminals, an investigation of its effects on the electricity network is needed. For the purpose a methodology is firstly defined and proposed, and then a test case reproducing a realistic Italian scenario is implemented. Results of simulation tests about distribution network performances under charging conditions are commented, bringing overall considerations about the feasibility of implementation of this solution.
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Nowadays in many countries, the increasing influence of sustainable mobility systems are influencing distribution networks, often characterized by a fragmented scenario in which diffuse generation (DG) in particular from not-programmable... more
Nowadays in many countries, the increasing influence of sustainable mobility systems are influencing distribution networks, often characterized by a fragmented scenario in which diffuse generation (DG) in particular from not-programmable Renewable Energy Resources (RES) and storage technologies are causing both criticalities and new opportunities for the network operation. This paper considers the featured spread of catenary-free electric bus systems in the Italian distribution network framework. An investigation about the impact of flash charging system on Italian sample infrastructure is conducted. Simulation tests results on grid performances under charging conditions are given like consideration about the practicability of the solution.
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Research Interests: Power System, Distributed Generation, Smart Grid, Electric Power Systems, Power system distribution, and 5 moreElectrical Power Distribution and Renewable Energy, Electrical Power Distribution Network Optimization with Distributed Generation and Smartgrids, Distributed generation & energy storage systems, Electrical Power Distribution, and Electric Power Distribution
L’articolo descrive l’algoritmo sviluppato da RSE per il controllo di tensione di reti di distribuzione MT in presenza di generazione diffusa. L’obiettivo della procedura è determinare, a partire da un andamento previsto per una serie di... more
L’articolo descrive l’algoritmo sviluppato da RSE per il controllo di tensione di reti di distribuzione MT in presenza di generazione diffusa. L’obiettivo della procedura è determinare, a partire da un andamento previsto per una serie di istanti temporali
(‘sezioni’) su una rete di MT con generazione diffusa, una situazione sempre ammissibile (rispetto dei vincoli di tensione, di corrente e di bilancio dell’energia attiva e reattiva) che comporti il minor costo di ridispacciamento per il distributore. L’algoritmo è in grado di considerare diverse risorse di regolazione, quali variatore sotto carico, generatori controllabili, carichi e sistemi di accumulo elettrico; questi ultimi, considerati una risorsa gestita direttamente dal Distributore, introducono, a causa della loro ricarica, un vincolo di natura integrale nel problema matematico. Il problema è approcciato in modo generale, descrivendo come le diverse risorse sono trattate dall’algoritmo in riferimento alle loro prestazioni tecniche ed economiche; vengono riportati i risultati di simulazioni condotte su alcune ‘reti test’ per valutare il possibile contributo dell’accumulo.
(‘sezioni’) su una rete di MT con generazione diffusa, una situazione sempre ammissibile (rispetto dei vincoli di tensione, di corrente e di bilancio dell’energia attiva e reattiva) che comporti il minor costo di ridispacciamento per il distributore. L’algoritmo è in grado di considerare diverse risorse di regolazione, quali variatore sotto carico, generatori controllabili, carichi e sistemi di accumulo elettrico; questi ultimi, considerati una risorsa gestita direttamente dal Distributore, introducono, a causa della loro ricarica, un vincolo di natura integrale nel problema matematico. Il problema è approcciato in modo generale, descrivendo come le diverse risorse sono trattate dall’algoritmo in riferimento alle loro prestazioni tecniche ed economiche; vengono riportati i risultati di simulazioni condotte su alcune ‘reti test’ per valutare il possibile contributo dell’accumulo.
Research Interests: Power System, Distributed Generation, Smart Grid, Electric Power Systems, Power system distribution, and 5 moreElectrical Power Distribution and Renewable Energy, Electrical Power Distribution Network Optimization with Distributed Generation and Smartgrids, Distributed generation & energy storage systems, Electrical Power Distribution, and Electric Power Distribution
The centralized control is one of the methods proposed, also by the Italian Authority (resolution 255/15), to integrate more renewable energy sources in the electrical networks. Due to the limited number of available measurements in the... more
The centralized control is one of the methods proposed, also by the Italian Authority (resolution 255/15), to integrate more renewable energy sources in the electrical
networks. Due to the limited number of available measurements in the distribution system, one of the key problems for a centralized control scheme is the correct estimation of the network state which is strictly linked to the proper placement of measurement devices. The paper proposes a method and general guidelines to identify the best position of the measurement devices and the correct characteristics of a state estimator for an effective control of the network.
networks. Due to the limited number of available measurements in the distribution system, one of the key problems for a centralized control scheme is the correct estimation of the network state which is strictly linked to the proper placement of measurement devices. The paper proposes a method and general guidelines to identify the best position of the measurement devices and the correct characteristics of a state estimator for an effective control of the network.
Research Interests: Power System, Distributed Generation, Smart Grid, Electric Power Systems, Power system distribution, and 4 moreElectrical Power Distribution and Renewable Energy, Electrical machine, Power electronics, Distributed power generation, Electrical Power Distribution Network Optimization with Distributed Generation and Smartgrids, and Electrical Power Distribution
The quick growth of Distributed Generation (DG) is posing some challenges to the distribution networks and to the power system on the whole since the total installed power is now comparable to the conventional generation park. To face... more
The quick growth of Distributed Generation (DG) is posing some challenges to the distribution networks and to the power system on the whole since the total installed power is now comparable to the conventional generation park. To face those possible criticalities, the connection rules are undergoing a revision process in order to guarantee a more flexible operation of the networks and outlining an advanced role for both the Distribution System Operator (DSO) and the DG itself. Among the innovative operation procedures, the voltage control may gain further flexibility from DG power modulation and storage units operated by the DSO. This paper describes an algorithm for the voltage regulation developed by RSE (“DISCoVER”) that guarantees achievement of technical goals minimizing the overall dispatching cost. It is able to manage different regulation resources, with respect to their technical and economic features. In order to evaluate possible contribution of storage units, different load and generation scenario could be considered. First results achieved from simulation activity on the test network based on a real MV grid) are given.
Research Interests: Power System, Distributed Generation, Smart Grid, Electric Power Systems, Power system distribution, and 4 moreElectrical Power Distribution and Renewable Energy, Electrical Power Distribution Network Optimization with Distributed Generation and Smartgrids, Distributed generation & energy storage systems, and Electrical Power Distribution
La diffusione delle fonti rinnovabili nella generazione elettrica rappresenta una notevole opportunità per la sostenibilità e l’autonomia del settore energetico europeo ma, come noto, prospetta possibili impatti negativi sull’esercizio... more
La diffusione delle fonti rinnovabili nella generazione elettrica rappresenta una notevole opportunità per la sostenibilità e l’autonomia del settore energetico europeo ma, come noto, prospetta possibili impatti negativi sull’esercizio delle reti di distribuzione. Il presente contributo descrive le principali attività sviluppate in RSE per il controllo di tensione di reti di distribuzione MT in presenza di generazione diffusa, con approccio di tipo ‘locale’ e con controllo coordinato di tipo centralizzato. È fornita la descrizione approfondita del controllore centralizzato, che ha il compito di determinare, a partire da un andamento previsto per una serie di istanti temporali (‘sezioni’) su una rete di MT con generazione diffusa, una situazione sempre ammissibile (rispetto dei vincoli di tensione, di correnti e di bilancio dell’energia attiva e reattiva) che comporti il minor costo di ridispacciamento per il Distributore. L’algoritmo utilizzato è in grado di considerare diverse risorse di regolazione, quali variatore sotto carico del trasformatore, generatori controllabili, carichi e sistemi di accumulo elettrico: questi ultimi, considerati una risorsa gestita direttamente dal Distributore, introducono a causa della loro ricarica un vincolo di natura integrale nel problema matematico.
Il contributo tratteggia il problema generale, descrive come le diverse risorse sono trattate in riferimento alle loro prestazioni tecniche ed economiche, e riporta risultati di simulazioni condotte su ‘rete test’ per valutare il possibile contributo dell’accumulo.
Il contributo tratteggia il problema generale, descrive come le diverse risorse sono trattate in riferimento alle loro prestazioni tecniche ed economiche, e riporta risultati di simulazioni condotte su ‘rete test’ per valutare il possibile contributo dell’accumulo.
Research Interests: Power System, Distributed Generation, Smart Grid, Electric Power Systems, Power system distribution, and 4 moreElectrical Power Distribution and Renewable Energy, Electrical Power Distribution Network Optimization with Distributed Generation and Smartgrids, Distributed generation & energy storage systems, and Electrical Power Distribution
The quick growth of Distributed Generation (DG), especially from Renewable Energy Sources (RES), poses new challenges to distribution networks to fulfill the technical constraints, the Distribution System Operator (DSO) will have the... more
The quick growth of Distributed Generation (DG), especially from Renewable Energy Sources (RES), poses new challenges to distribution networks to fulfill the technical constraints, the Distribution System Operator (DSO) will have the possibility of coordinating both directly owned and third-party resources.
Research Interests: Power System, Distributed Generation, Smart Grid, Electric Power Systems, Power system distribution, and 5 moreElectrical Power Distribution and Renewable Energy, Electrical Power Distribution Network Optimization with Distributed Generation and Smartgrids, Electrical Storage, Energy Efficiency, Distributed generation & energy storage systems, and Electrical Power Distribution
In recent years several studies regarding optimal operation of distribution networks in presence of Distributed Generation (DG) were proposed. This paper describes an algorithm developed by RSE (DISCoVER) to increase the hosting capacity... more
In recent years several studies regarding optimal operation of distribution networks in presence of Distributed Generation (DG) were proposed. This paper describes an algorithm developed by RSE (DISCoVER) to increase the hosting capacity of the network by means of Voltage control of Medium Voltage feeders in presence of storage units. The system, which coordinates controllable resources present in the MV network connected to the HV/MV transformer, is conceived to compute the set-points of the distributed energy resources (generators, loads, storage) controllers and On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) in real-time according to specified economic and technical objectives. It is assumed that storage units are operated directly by the Distribution Company in order to increase network control capabilities. The algorithm is based on an AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) where losses and integral constraints are taken into account. Starting from forecasted load and generation, real measurement...
Research Interests: Power System, Distributed Generation, Smart Grid, Electric Power Systems, Power system distribution, and 5 moreElectrical Power Distribution and Renewable Energy, Electrical Power Distribution Network Optimization with Distributed Generation and Smartgrids, Distributed generation & energy storage systems, Electrical Power Distribution, and Electric Power Distribution
Nowadays in many countries, the increasing influence of diffuse generation (DG) in distribution networks, in particular from not-programmable Renewable Energy Resources (RES), is showing criticalities especially where the network... more
Nowadays in many countries, the increasing influence of diffuse generation (DG) in distribution networks, in particular from not-programmable Renewable Energy Resources (RES), is showing criticalities especially where the network reinforcement is very difficult because of economic or environmental factors. In addition to RES, Electric Vehicles and storage technologies are increasing both the criticalities and the opportunities for the network operation. This paper shows an advanced and innovative voltage regulation system that will be implemented in support to the existing operation procedures, where the On-Load-Tap-Changer (OLTC) will be joined by more advanced regulation resources: among them reactive and active power from DGs and storage units (operated by the DSO) represent the more significant options. The method identifies an optimal operating point according to a complete set of technical constrains (voltage at nodes, inverse power flow to HV level, etc.) and economic factors. Results of the methodology applied to a MV network sited in the Italian capital and managed by ACEA, within a national smart grid pilot project, are presented and discussed, and some conclusions are drawn.
Research Interests: Power System, Smart Grid, Electric Power Systems, Power system distribution, Electrical Power Distribution and Renewable Energy, and 4 moreElectrical Power Distribution Network Optimization with Distributed Generation and Smartgrids, Distributed generation & energy storage systems, Electrical Power Distribution, and Electric Power Distribution
In recent years several studies regarding optimal operation of distribution networks in presence of Distributed Generation (DG) were proposed. This paper describes an algorithm developed by RSE (DISCoVER) to increase the hosting capacity... more
In recent years several studies regarding optimal operation of distribution networks in presence of Distributed Generation (DG) were proposed. This paper describes an algorithm developed by RSE (DISCoVER) to increase the hosting capacity of the network by means of Voltage control Medium Voltage feeders in presence of storage units. The algorithm is based on an AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) where losses and integral constraints are taken into account. Starting from forecasted load and generation, and technical constraints and dispatching costs for active and for reactive power, the algorithm generates for each time period a set of commands for controllable resources that guarantees achievement of technical goals minimizing the overall dispatching cost. The paper describes the general problem and how different resources are managed by the algorithm with respect to their technical and economic features. In order to evaluate possible contribution of storage units, different load and generation scenario were considered. First results achieved from simulation activity on the test network (based on a real MV grid) are given.
Research Interests: Power System, Distributed Generation, Smart Grid, Electric Power Systems, Power system distribution, and 5 moreElectrical Power Distribution and Renewable Energy, Electrical Power Distribution Network Optimization with Distributed Generation and Smartgrids, Distributed generation & energy storage systems, Electrical Power Distribution, and Electric Power Distribution
The paper explores the various aspects linked to the development of local public transport on hydrogen road, referring to what is already in place in the city of Bolzano, the most significant experience at a national level, and... more
The paper explores the various aspects linked to the development of local public transport on hydrogen road, referring to what is already in place in the city of Bolzano, the most significant experience at a national level, and considering the provincial territory for considerations on extra-urban service. First, a cost assessment was conducted for a fuel cell powered bus, compared to possible power alternatives and purchase price, in the business-as-usual scenario. To carry out the comparison, the standard cost methodology was used, appropriately perfected, also assuming the hypothesis of a possible future assimilation of hydrogen production companies for public transport use to highly energy-intensive companies (commonly called "energy-intensive”, with a reduction in system costs of approximately 80%). At present, the potential opportunities offered by the industrial and energy market, even in combination, appear to be able to significantly reduce the cost of supplying the electricity necessary to produce "green hydrogen", but not to make the TCO associated with a vehicle a fuel cell comparable to that of a battery-powered vehicle.
Research Interests:
Current European and national strategies on energy and sustainable mobility are promoting alternative public and private transport systems. In terms of electric vehicles, it is expected that the share destined to increase is expected in... more
Current European and national strategies on energy and sustainable mobility are promoting alternative public and private transport systems. In terms of electric vehicles, it is expected that the share destined to increase is expected in the coming years. The progressive electrification of LPT is characterized by huge power absorption at depots and opp-chargers along the road. This implies the establishment of new primary substations in urban and suburban areas. The new phenomenon of “smart charging”, that is, flexibility in recharging, will be destined to assert itself. RSE has determined how it is possible in this way to obtain revenues from 30 to 100% of the annual recharge costs. Other assessments regarding the impacts of electric mobility on the electricity distribution networks can be defined as comforting for the operators in the sector, corresponding only to limited expense. With this, positive prospects are outlined for a wider diffusion of the electric vehicle in the next few years
Research Interests:
In accordance with recent national and international measures in terms of protection of the environment and air quality, the public administrations of many towns consider adopting electric buses and alternative fuels for the public... more
In accordance with recent national and international measures in terms of protection of the environment and air quality, the public administrations of many towns consider adopting electric buses and alternative fuels for the public transport service. In this context, the webinar provides a comparative economic assessment with similar traditional vehicles, in the face of possible favourable legal and regulatory developments. The impact, in terms of Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of the "energy-intensive" condition, attributable to companies that adopt electrification policies, was particularly significant. The assessments contained in the document show that, from a purely economic point of view, diesel and CNG vehicles remain preferable solutions; the introduction of tariff measures such as the "high intensity" classification are able to make that choice more advantageous in absolute terms.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Power System, Distributed Generation, Smart Grid, Electric Power Systems, Electrical Power Distribution and Renewable Energy, and 3 moreElectrical Power Distribution Network Optimization with Distributed Generation and Smartgrids, Distributed generation & energy storage systems, and Electrical Power Distribution
Il volume esplora le motivazioni che giustificano il ricorso all’idrogeno, le possibili filiere di produzione, trasporto e utilizzo, i relativi costi, le criticità da affrontare sul piano finanziario, legale e regolatorio, aprendo un... more
Il volume esplora le motivazioni che giustificano il ricorso all’idrogeno, le possibili filiere di produzione, trasporto e utilizzo, i relativi costi, le criticità da affrontare sul piano finanziario, legale e regolatorio, aprendo un focus su diversi casi studio ed esplorando le tecnologie sviluppate, gli scenari di sviluppo e gli ambiti di intervento necessari per l’utilizzo di questo vettore.
Research Interests:
Authors: RSE, Politecnico di Milano
Edited by Energy@home association
Edited by Energy@home association