- Senior Advisor R&D, Sami Labs limited, Bangalore, INDIA
- 09845880228
Sarang Bani
Sami Labs Limited, Biological Research (R&D), Faculty Member
- Sami Labs Limited, VP ( R&D ). Biological Research, Faculty Memberadd
This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of Hydroxychavicol (HC), a phenolic compound derived from Piper betel on experimentally induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) in rat. HC at graded doses administered orally once... more
This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of Hydroxychavicol (HC), a phenolic compound derived from Piper betel on experimentally induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) in rat. HC at graded doses administered orally once daily for a duration of 21 days significantly improved the cognitive impairment and attenuated the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, IL-6, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and both β- and γ-secretase enzymatic activities. Chronic oral administration of HC also significantly reversed the decline in acetyl cholinesterase and glutathione (GSH) activity induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The results also suggest the inhibition of elevated levels of CD3+ T cells and CD19+ B cells as well as CD3+ T cell specific IFN-γ in blood of the experimental animals. There was however no change in blood glucose levels in the animals treated with HC. The result of the present study demonstrates the effectiveness of HC in preventing the cognitive deficit.
Research Interests: Immunology, Immune response, Flow Cytometry, Cytokines, Neuroimmunology, and 18 moreBrain, Blood Glucose, Mice, Blood Pressure, Nitric oxide, Animals, Male, Glutathione, Cholinesterase inhibitors, Lipid peroxidation, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Rats, Eugenol, Wistar Rats, Cell Surface Markers, Neurosciences, Cognition disorders, and Avoidance Learning
The present study was taken up to see the effect of chicoric acid (CA) on behavioral and biochemical alterations induced by chronic restraint stress in experimental Swiss albino mice. CA at 1 mg/kg dose level exhibited considerable... more
The present study was taken up to see the effect of chicoric acid (CA) on behavioral and biochemical alterations induced by chronic restraint stress in experimental Swiss albino mice. CA at 1 mg/kg dose level exhibited considerable antidepressant activity as shown by significant decrease in immobility period in the Porsolt's swim stress-induced behavioral despair test and escape failures in Learned “helplessness test”. The antidepressant activity shown by CA can be attributed to its modulating effect on nor-adrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and 5- hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT) as shown by their quantification in CA treated chronically stressed mice. Further, a significant antioxidant effect was exhibited by CA as shown by estimation of lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) and glycogen in liver of chronically stressed mice. It also normalized altered values of serum glucose, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in a dose dependent manner. The stress busting potential of CA was further confirmed by its regulating effect on raised plasma corticosterone levels and significant attenuation of the depleted ascorbic acid, cholesterol and corticosterone levels in adrenal glands. Thus, our results suggest that CA possesses considerable stress busting potential, and that anti-oxidation may be one of the mechanisms underlying its antistress action.► CA exhibited considerable antidepressant activity by showing decrease in immobility period in the Porsolt's swim stress-induced behavioral despair test and escape failures in Learned “helplessness test”. ► The antidepressant activity was further confirmed by its modulating effect on nor-adrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and 5- hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT). ► A regulating effect on lipid per oxidation, glutathione (GSH) and glycogen in liver of chronically stressed mice was also shown. ► It also normalized the raised corticosterone levels, the main marker of stress response in rodents.
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This study demonstrates the protective effect of chicoric acid (CA) on chronic restraint stress-induced altered T lymphocyte subset distribution and corresponding cytokine secretion patterns in experimental Swiss albino mice. CA has the... more
This study demonstrates the protective effect of chicoric acid (CA) on chronic restraint stress-induced altered T lymphocyte subset distribution and corresponding cytokine secretion patterns in experimental Swiss albino mice. CA has the potential to restore diminished immune response and Th1/Th2 homeostasis in chronically stressed mice as evident by significant increase in lymphocyte proliferation and CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell population. Interestingly, chicoric acid imparted immunostimulation mainly by upregulating the expression of CD28 and CD80 and downregulating CTLA-4. It exerted stimulatory effect on IL-12, IFN-gamma and IL-2 and suppressed the increased IL-10 levels in chronically stressed mice. It also exhibited a significant lowering effect on raised corticosterone levels and reversed the chronic stress-induced hypertrophy of adrenal glands and atrophy of thymus and spleen, thereby showing its normalizing effect on HPA axis. Our results reveal that CA has the potential to reverse the impact of chronic restraint stress on immune status by normalizing corticosterone levels and augmenting Th1 cytokine profile along with the co-stimulatory molecules particularly CD28/CTLA-4 pathway that plays a very important role in generation of an effective immune response in immune compromised situations.► The study demonstrates the immune restorative potential of CA in chronically stressed mice. ► Our study reports categorically that CA restores immune response in chronically stressful conditions by modulating the expression of CD28/CTLA-4 receptor on T cells with its ligand B7 that are necessary for the activation/inhibition of T cells. ► CA also upregulates the expression of Th1 cytokines like IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-12 in chronic stressed conditions. ► The study also shows the normalizing effect of CA on raised corticosterone levels.
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ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full... more
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
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The present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-arthritic activity of hydroxychavicol (HC) a major phenolic compound isolated from the aqueous extract leaves of plant Piper betle (Piperaceae). The compound showed significant... more
The present study was undertaken to investigate the anti-arthritic activity of hydroxychavicol (HC) a major phenolic compound isolated from the aqueous extract leaves of plant Piper betle (Piperaceae). The compound showed significant lowering of pro-inflammatory (Th1) cytokine levels in arthritic paw tissue homogenate supernatant viz. IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α with maximum inhibition at higher dose levels of 2 and 4 mg/kg p.o. and enhanced the production of anti-inflammatory (Th2) cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 estimated by cytometric bead array immunoassay. Cytometric bead array uses the sensitivity of amplified fluorescence detection by flowcytometer to measure soluble analytes in a particle based immune assay. This assay can accurately quantitate five cytokines in a 50-μl sample volume. The T-helper (Th1) deviated cells produce detectable level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), while the Th2 deviated cells produce significant amount of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-5 (IL-5). HC at graded doses also significantly decreased the expression of IL-1β, PGE2, LTB4, and nitric oxide levels showing significant inhibition of these parameters. Elevated levels of CD4+ T cell specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in splenocytes of arthritic animals was also inhibited in treated animals. The oral LD0 in both mice and rats was more than 1000 mg/kg.
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ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full... more
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full... more
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full... more
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
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Argyrolobium roseum (Papilionaceae) is a sexually reproducing, rare, annual herb that grows in tropical and sub-temperate tracts of the north-western Himalayan region of the Indian subcontinent. The present investigation was carried out... more
Argyrolobium roseum (Papilionaceae) is a sexually reproducing, rare, annual herb that grows in tropical and sub-temperate tracts of the north-western Himalayan region of the Indian subcontinent. The present investigation was carried out to study the immunomodulatory properties of this herb in well established experimental models. For preliminary pharmacological activity evaluation, we first studied the effect of aqueous fraction (KA-134) of A. roseum on humoral and cell mediated immune responses and found that KA-134 dose dependently suppressed the antibody titre and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. Inspired by the results, we further fractionated KA-134 which yielded pinitol, which on further immunomodulatory studies resulted in highly significant inhibition of CD3, CD19, CD4 and CD8 count and Th1/Th2 cytokines expression in splenocytes. Pinitol was also found to be safe when tested against cell viability assays (in vitro and in vivo). Based on the data, it can be suggested that pinitol is a potent and non-toxic immunosuppressor, which can be further explored for the development of potent immunosuppressor.
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ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full... more
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
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ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full... more
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Labisia pumila has rejuvenating properties that help women to regain the strength and vigour after giving birth (Burkill, 1935) leading us to speculate that Labisia pumila might also modulate the immune matrix as it is one of the... more
Labisia pumila has rejuvenating properties that help women to regain the strength and vigour after giving birth (Burkill, 1935) leading us to speculate that Labisia pumila might also modulate the immune matrix as it is one of the important aspect of healthy state of the living body.Studies were carried out for the evaluation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in murine neutrophils followed by expression of T cell-surface markers and corresponding intracellular expression of cytokines related to T helper1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) activity.The ethyl acetate fraction (A001/3b) obtained from ethanolic extract of leaves of Labisia pumila at graded doses (in vitro) showed increased expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12. IL-12 is a strong inducer of Th1 response in activated CD4+ T cells and accordingly T cell studies were carried out (in vivo). These specific studies showed A001/3b to cause marked stimulation of CD4+ T helper cells and related cytokine expression like IL-2 and IFN-gamma (a potent Th1 inducer), thereby, having a predominant Th1 upregulation pathway. This was further validated by suppression of IL-4 and IL-10 expression which are the Th2 pathway cytokines.This study showed ethyl acetate fraction (A001/3b) of Labisia pumila to have Th1 upregulating activity and suggests its possible usefulness as a therapeutic agent in immune compromised patients.Inflammatory signals regulate the innate immune response that interacts with naive T cells to produce cytokines that direct T cell development. The ethyl acetate fraction (A001/3b) obtained from ethanolic extract of leaves of Labisia pumila showed significant increase in TNF-α expression in neutrophils and array of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β.The Th1/Th2 hypothesis rests largely on the cytokines released by T helper cells in amplifying immune responsiveness. The in vivo study showed A001/3b to have significant stimulatory effect on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The stimulation of IL-2 by A001/3b may be responsible for increased IFN-γ secretion by T cells and the suppressed expression of IL-4 and IL-10 showings it to have a specific Th1 upregulatory activity.
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The present study focused on the antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory potential of 4-epi-pimaric acid isolated from aerial parts (stem and leaves) of Aralia cachemirica L. (Araliaceae) against oral cavity pathogens. 4-epi-Pimaric acid... more
The present study focused on the antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory potential of 4-epi-pimaric acid isolated from aerial parts (stem and leaves) of Aralia cachemirica L. (Araliaceae) against oral cavity pathogens. 4-epi-Pimaric acid exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 4–16 μg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) two- to four-folds higher than MIC. There was significant inhibition in the biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans on the saliva coated surface (P < 0.05), and confocal microscopy revealed that 4-epi-pimaric acid inhibited the clumping and attachment of S. mutans. At 8 × MIC concentration, it significantly prevented the pH drop and reduced S. mutans biofilms (P < 0.05). Increased propidium iodide staining and leakage of 260- and 280-nm absorbing material by 4-epi-pimaric acid treated cells of S. mutans suggested that it probably causes disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane structure. It also exhibited significant suppression of TNF-α expression in human neutrophils, suggestive of its anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, the compound was found to be significantly safe (IC50 >100 μg/ml) in the MTT assay on AML-12 cell lines. In conclusion, 4-epi-pimaric acid showed promising antibacterial, anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory potency and this compound can be exploited for therapeutic application in oral microbial infections.
Research Interests: Biofilms, Biological Sciences, Cell line, Humans, Mice, and 17 moreAnimals, Dental Caries, Antimicrobial activity, Anti-inflammatory agents, European, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Plant extracts, Mouth, Diterpenes, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Anti Inflammatory Activity, Oral Cavity, Streptococcus mutans, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Plant Leaves, MTT assay, and fibroblasts
The immunomodulatory activities of two isoflavones, 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone (irisolidone) (1) and 5,4′-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyisoflavone (irilone) (2) isolated from Iris germanica (Iridaceae) is reported. Their... more
The immunomodulatory activities of two isoflavones, 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone (irisolidone) (1) and 5,4′-dihydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyisoflavone (irilone) (2) isolated from Iris germanica (Iridaceae) is reported. Their influence on production of T-lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+ cells) and T-cell cytokines, namely Th1: IL-2, IFN-γ and Th2: IL-4 and IL-5 in a dose-dependent manner was studied by flow cytometric method in Balb/c mice. Oral administration of drugs at doses of 0.1–0.8 mg/kg per oral dose showed 1 to possess stimulatory activity on T-cells and Th1 cytokine production, while as 2 acted as an immunosuppressant for both cells and cytokines. The methylated products of 1 and 2 showed a similar trend to that of their parent compounds but their activity was drastically decreased revealing the importance of free phenolic groups for their immunomodulating activities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Naturally occurring acetylated pseudoguaianolides and psilostachyin including their analogues were synthesized. The structure of semi-synthetic psilostachyin was also confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The anti-inflammatory potential of... more
Naturally occurring acetylated pseudoguaianolides and psilostachyin including their analogues were synthesized. The structure of semi-synthetic psilostachyin was also confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The anti-inflammatory potential of all the derivatives has been evaluated through in vitro expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in murine neutrophils.Naturally occurring acetylated pseudoguaianolides and spirolactone psilostachyin including their analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory potential.
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The premise of the study was to investigate the antiarthritic potential of apocynin (APO) in Balb/c mice (in vivo). The experiment showed a dose-dependent decrease in oedema and showed a suppression of proinflammatory cytokines such as... more
The premise of the study was to investigate the antiarthritic potential of apocynin (APO) in Balb/c mice (in vivo). The experiment showed a dose-dependent decrease in oedema and showed a suppression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β and mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and LTB4. At oral doses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg once daily during the course of the experiment, APO induced an inhibition of T cell mediated immune response causing suppression of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and of intracellular interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by flow cytometry in arthritic mice. In parallel there was a dose-dependent inhibition in vascular permeability causing an inhibition in the migration of leucocytes and exudate volume at the site of the inflammatory reaction. These observations validate the immunoregulatory potential of apocynin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research Interests: Immunology, Immune response, Migration, Flow Cytometry, Pharmacognosy, and 24 moreBiological Sciences, Phytotherapy, Mycobacterium, Permeability, Mice, Female, Animals, Prednisolone, Ursolic Acid, Anti-inflammatory agents, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Plant extracts, Edema, Cestrum, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Pharmacological, Vascular Permeability, Leukocytes, Exudates and Transudates, Triterpenes, Plant Leaves, Interleukin, Interferon gamma, and Immunosuppressive Agents
Semi-synthetic analogs of pinitol were subjected to screening by determining TNF-α expression in human neutrophils using flowcytometry. Among the tested compounds, three derivatives displayed more than 50% inhibition of TNF-α cytokine... more
Semi-synthetic analogs of pinitol were subjected to screening by determining TNF-α expression in human neutrophils using flowcytometry. Among the tested compounds, three derivatives displayed more than 50% inhibition of TNF-α cytokine secretion in LPS induced stimulated neutrophils and can be considered as potent anti-inflammatory moieties.Semi-synthetic analogs of pinitol were prepared using chemo-enzymatic approaches and their TNF-α expression in human neutrophils using flowcytometry is reported.
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Objective:To investigate the immunosuppressive potential of Pluchea lanceolata 50% ethanolic extract (PL) and its bioactive chloroform fraction (PLC).Materials and Methods:Preliminary screening of the Pluchea lanceolata 50% ethanolic... more
Objective:To investigate the immunosuppressive potential of Pluchea lanceolata 50% ethanolic extract (PL) and its bioactive chloroform fraction (PLC).Materials and Methods:Preliminary screening of the Pluchea lanceolata 50% ethanolic extract (PL) was carried out with basic models of immunomodulation, such as, the humoral antibody response (hemagglutination antibody titers), cell-mediated immune response (delayed-type hypersensitivity), skin allograft rejection test, in vitro (C. albicans method), and in vivo phagocytosis (carbon clearance test).The extract was then fractionated with chloroform, n-butanol, and water to receive the respective fractions by partitioning. These fractions were employed for flow cytometry to study the T-cell specific immunosuppressive potential of these fractions.Results:Oral administration of PL at doses of 50 to 800 mg/kg in mice, with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as an antigen, inhibited both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, as evidenced by the production of the circulating antibody titer and delayed-type hypersensitiviy reaction results, respectively, and the immune suppression was statistically significant (P < 0.01) in Balb/C mice. PL also decreased the process of phagocytosis both in vitro (31.23%) and ex vivo (32.81%) and delayed the graft rejection time (30.76%). To study the T-cell-specific activities, chloroform, n-butanol, and water fractions from P. lanceolata were tested for T-cell specific immunosuppressive evaluation, wherein only the chloroform fraction (PLC) showed significant (P < 0.01) suppression of CD8+ / CD4+ T-cell surface markers and intracellular Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-Y) cytokines at 25 – 200 mg/kg p.o. doses. PLC, however, did not show significant suppression of the Th2 (IL-4) cytokine.Conclusion:The findings from the present investigation reveal that P. lanceolata causes immunosuppression by inhibiting Th1 cytokines.
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Research Interests: Molecular Biology, Traditional Medicine, Flow Cytometry, Cytokines, Macrophages, and 18 moreImmunopharmacology, Humans, Mice, Nitric oxide, Animals, Male, Anti-inflammatory agents, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Ethyl Acetate, Plant extracts, Time Dependent, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Anti Inflammatory Activity, Piper, Cell Survival, Molecular Structure, Down-Regulation, and Immunosuppressive Agents
The acute, sub-acute and chronic toxicity studies on boswellic acids (BAs) were carried out on mice, rats and monkeys. BAs did not cause any mortality in rats and mice when administered orally and intraperitoneally in doses up to 2 g/kg.... more
The acute, sub-acute and chronic toxicity studies on boswellic acids (BAs) were carried out on mice, rats and monkeys. BAs did not cause any mortality in rats and mice when administered orally and intraperitoneally in doses up to 2 g/kg. Daily oral administration of BAs in three doses (low and very high) to rats and monkeys revealed no significant changes in general behaviour, or clinical, haematological, biochemical and pathological data. BAs, therefore, can be regarded as safe for clinical studies.
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The objective of the study was to investigate the activity of Lupeol (LUP) on proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pleural exudate from male swiss albino mice. We applied Cytometric bead array technology for... more
The objective of the study was to investigate the activity of Lupeol (LUP) on proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pleural exudate from male swiss albino mice. We applied Cytometric bead array technology for simultaneously measurement of these cytokines in pleurisy induced mice treated with lupeol in graded oral doses. Cytometric bead array uses the sensitivity of amplified fluorescence detection by flowcytometer to measure soluble analytes in a particle based immune assay. This assay can accurately quantitate 5 cytokines in a 50 microlitre sample volume. Oral administration of LUP at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. produced dose related inhibition of IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-α in the pleural exudate with the most significant effect at 100 mg/kg oral dose. LUP had a non significant inhibitory effect on the levels of IL-4 and IL-5. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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R??sum??/Abstract Lupeol, a triterpenoid obtained from C. religiosa bark has been evaluated for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects on rats and mice. It exerted significant dose dependent effect on acute and chronic... more
R??sum??/Abstract Lupeol, a triterpenoid obtained from C. religiosa bark has been evaluated for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects on rats and mice. It exerted significant dose dependent effect on acute and chronic inflammatory processes. It does not possess ...
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Stress has been associated with reports of both greater severity and prolongation of diseases in patients with the infectious origin as well as other immune-mediated diseases. Withania somnifera, an Indian medicinal plant used widely in... more
Stress has been associated with reports of both greater severity and prolongation of diseases in patients with the infectious origin as well as other immune-mediated diseases. Withania somnifera, an Indian medicinal plant used widely in the treatment of many clinical conditions in India, was investigated for its anti-stress properties using BALB/c mice subjected to chronic stress. The study aimed to investigate chronic stress-induced alterations on Th1 lymphocyte subset distribution and corresponding cytokine secretion patterns. Oral administration of chemically standardized and identified aqueous fraction of W. somnifera root (WS) at the graded doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. caused significant increase in the stress-induced depleted T-cell population and increased the expression of Th1 cytokines in chronically stressed mice.
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Research Interests: Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Antioxidants, Humans, Anti-inflammatory agents, and 17 moreLipid peroxidation, Physical Interaction, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Neutrophils, Plant extracts, Mouth, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Antimicrobial agents, Eugenol, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Antibacterial Agent, Anti Inflammatory Activity, Oral Cavity, Streptococcus mutans, Aqueous Extract, Propidium Iodide, and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration
Research Interests: Immunology, Immune response, Migration, Flow Cytometry, Pharmacognosy, and 24 moreBiological Sciences, Phytotherapy, Mycobacterium, Permeability, Mice, Female, Animals, Prednisolone, Ursolic Acid, Anti-inflammatory agents, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Plant extracts, Edema, Cestrum, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Pharmacological, Vascular Permeability, Leukocytes, Exudates and Transudates, Triterpenes, Plant Leaves, Interleukin, Interferon gamma, and Immunosuppressive Agents
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The immunomodulatory activity of some flavonoids on antigen specific humoral and cell mediated immune responses and complement-mediated hemolysis has been investigated and compared with that of levamisole. Flavanone, 6-methoxyflavanone,... more
The immunomodulatory activity of some flavonoids on antigen specific humoral and cell mediated immune responses and complement-mediated hemolysis has been investigated and compared with that of levamisole. Flavanone, 6-methoxyflavanone, 7-methoxyflavanone and bavachinin enhanced the sheep erythrocyte (SRBC), induced primary and secondary humoral immune responses in mice, and 6-hydroxyflavanone, 7-hydroxyflavanone and rutin inhibited primary response. Levamisole slighly stimulated the primary and suppressed the secondary response. All the flavonoids tested decreased the manifestation of SRBC induced delayed type hypersensitivity reaction and showed no effect on classical or alternative pathway dependent hemolysis. The studies revealed the significant immunomodulatory potential of these flavonoids, methoxy derivatives having immunostimulatory activity and hydroxy derivatives immunosuppressive properties.
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The hydrosoluble fraction of Euphorbia royleana latex (AER), administered by gavage at doses of 50–200 mg/kg, showed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects in different acute and chronic test models in rats and mice.... more
The hydrosoluble fraction of Euphorbia royleana latex (AER), administered by gavage at doses of 50–200 mg/kg, showed dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects in different acute and chronic test models in rats and mice. It reduced the exudate volume and the migration of leukocytes and showed a poor inhibitory effect on the granuloma formation induced by cotton pellets, while it had a low ulcerogenic score. The oral LD50 was more than 1500 mg/kg in both rats and mice.
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Silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans, comprised mainly of three isomers, silybin, silydianin and silychristin isolated from the fruits of Silybum marianum, is currently in therapeutic use as a hepatoprotective agent. Silymarin on... more
Silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans, comprised mainly of three isomers, silybin, silydianin and silychristin isolated from the fruits of Silybum marianum, is currently in therapeutic use as a hepatoprotective agent. Silymarin on evaluation exhibited significant antiinflammatory and antiarthritic activities in the papaya latex induced model of inflammation and mycobacterial adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. Results of the study indicate its action through inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase for antiinflammatory and antiarthritic activities.
Research Interests: Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Plant Biology, Inflammation, and 22 morePhytomedicine, LaTeX, Mice, Nitric oxide, Female, Animals, Male, Naphthoquinones, Arthritis, Anti-inflammatory agents, Clinical Sciences, lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors, Rats, Edema, Foot, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Ear, Wistar Rats, Carrageenan, Silymarin, Arachidonic Acid, and Interleukin
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A series of 3, 5-disubstituted-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles have been synthesized under solvent free microwave irradiation method by the condensation of α, β-unsaturated ketones with hydrazine and its differently substituted derivatives. The... more
A series of 3, 5-disubstituted-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles have been synthesized under solvent free microwave irradiation method by the condensation of α, β-unsaturated ketones with hydrazine and its differently substituted derivatives. The chemical structures of the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic data. All the synthetics were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity under in vivo conditions. The present study describes the potential of these pyrazole ring containing scaffolds to assess the TNF α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) and IL-1β (Interleukin-1 beta) inhibitory potential. TNF-α and IL-1β are inflammatory cytokines that are pro-inflammatory in nature and play a major role in inflammatory cascades of many pathologically dreadful diseases ranging from neurodegenerative disorders to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Objective: To investigate acute, sub-acute and chronic toxicity of Coleus forskohlii Briq. (Lamiaceae) (CF) hydroethanolic root extract standardized for 10% forskolin, in male and female Wistar rats by oral route. Methods: In the single... more
Objective: To investigate acute, sub-acute and chronic toxicity of Coleus forskohlii Briq. (Lamiaceae) (CF) hydroethanolic root extract standardized for 10% forskolin, in male and female Wistar rats by oral route. Methods: In the single dose oral toxicity study, groups of five healthy male and female rats were dosed orally with CF extract (10% forskolin) at 2000 mg/kg body weight and were observed once daily for 14 consecutive days for toxicity, general behavior and pharmacological effects. In sub-acute oral toxicity, the test substance was administered for 28 days with daily doses of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg body weight. In chronic oral toxicity study, groups of 20 male and 20 female rats were subjected to 10% forskolin for 180 days at daily dose levels of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Ames test was also performed to evaluate the test substances‟ ability to induce reverse mutations. Results: No deaths were reported in all the toxicity studies performed. No significant change...
The present study was taken up to evaluate the single dose acute toxicity, 28 days and 90 days repeated dose toxicity and reproductive/developmental toxicity of standardized 40% Garcinol in experimental rodents. The studies were conducted... more
The present study was taken up to evaluate the single dose acute toxicity, 28 days and 90 days repeated dose toxicity and reproductive/developmental toxicity of standardized 40% Garcinol in experimental rodents. The studies were conducted in compliance with OECD principles of good laboratory practice, guidelines for testing of chemicals no.420, 407, 408 and 421 respectively. Single dose acute oral toxicity was conducted on female Wistar rats as sighting study step-I (300 mg/kg) & sighting study step-II (2000 mg/kg) and main study (2000 mg/kg). Sub-acute, sub-chronic and reproductive/developmental studies were conducted in Wistar rats divided equally in vehicle control, 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg dose group along with recovery groups for vehicle control and high dose. Reproductive/developmental study was carried out for minimum of 28 days and in females during pregnancy and 4 days post partum. There were no abnormal clinical signs/behavioural changes, reproductive and developmental paramet...
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly worsens and impairs the person's memory, learning, reasoning, judgment, communication and familiar tasks with loss of orientation. AD is characterized clinically by... more
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly worsens and impairs the person's memory, learning, reasoning, judgment, communication and familiar tasks with loss of orientation. AD is characterized clinically by cognitive deficit and pathologically by the deposition of β amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, associated with degeneration of the cholinergic forebrain. Withanone (WS-2), a compound isolated from root extract of Withania somnifera at doses administered orally/day to wistar rats for duration of 21 days showed significant improvement in the cognitive skill by inhibiting amyloid β-42 and attenuated the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, MCP-1, Nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and both β- and γ- secretase enzymatic activity. Administration of WS-2 also significantly reversed the decline in acetyl choline and Glutathione (GSH) activity. None of the treatments that are available today alter the underlying caus...
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Piperine a trans-trans isomer of 1-piperoyl-piperidine was evaluated for its immunomodulatory activity to enhance the efficacy of rifampicin in a murine model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In-vitro immunomodulation of piperine... more
Piperine a trans-trans isomer of 1-piperoyl-piperidine was evaluated for its immunomodulatory activity to enhance the efficacy of rifampicin in a murine model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In-vitro immunomodulation of piperine was tested on mouse splenocytes for lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production and macrophage activation. Protective efficacy of piperine was tested in a mice infection model of M. tuberculosis for the activation of Th-1 response and synergistic combination efficacy with rifampicin. Murine splenocytes exposed to piperine exhibited proliferation of T and B cell, increased Th-1 cytokines and enhanced macrophage activation. Piperine (1 mg/kg) in mice infected with M. tuberculosis activated the differentiation of T cells into Th-1 sub-population (CD4+ / CD8+ subsets). There was an increase in secretion of Th-1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) by these cells. The qRT-PCR studies revealed corresponding increases in the mRNA transcripts of IFN-γ and IL-2 in the infected lung tissues. Combination of piperine and rifampicin (1 mg/kg) exhibited better efficacy of and resulted in additional 1.4 to 0.8 log reduction in lung cfu as compared to rifampicin alone. The up-regulation of Th1 immunity by piperine can be synergistically combined with rifampicin to improve its therapeutic efficacy in immune-compromised TB patients.
Research Interests: Pharmacology, Biology, Medicine, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mice, and 15 moreNitric oxide, Animals, Alkaloids, Lung, Immunophenotyping, Cell Proliferation, Rifampicin, Piperine, Piperidines, Interleukin, Interferon gamma, Macrophage activation, Medical and Health Sciences, Rifampin, and Drug combinations
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Research Interests: Endocrinology, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Plant Biology, Biology, Medicine, and 15 moreBiological Sciences, Internal Medicine, Mice, Animals, Corticosterone, Male, Glutathione, Alkaline phosphatase, Lipid peroxidation, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Plant extracts, Planta, Physical Endurance, Adrenal glands, and Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
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Objective The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of an alcoholic extract of Cicer microphyllum (I3M/38/A001) (whole plant without seeds and flowers) on the immunological parameters of sheep red blood cell immunized normal and... more
Objective The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of an alcoholic extract of Cicer microphyllum (I3M/38/A001) (whole plant without seeds and flowers) on the immunological parameters of sheep red blood cell immunized normal and chronically stressed Swiss albino mice. Methods Estimation of T-cell subsets (CD3+, CD4+/CD8+), CD80/CD86, CD28, CD 69, costimulatory molecules and Th1/Th2 cytokines was carried out using a flow cytometer. This was followed by study of the delayed type hypersensitivity response, in-vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay and measurement of Th1/Th2 cytokines in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow cytometry. An enzyme immune assay was used to analyse corticosterone levels in the serum of chronically stressed animals. Key findings We found that oral administration of I3M/38/A001once daily at the graded doses of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of T lymphocytes in sheep red blood cel...
Research Interests: Pharmacy, Immunology, Biology, Medicine, Cell Differentiation, and 15 moreMice, Pharmacology and Clinical pharmacy, Animals, Corticosterone, Male, CD, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Immune system, Plant extracts, Cell Proliferation, Pharmacological Sciences, Erythrocytes, Interleukin, Interferon gamma, and Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
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... Titre du document / Document title. ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF SALAI-GUGGAL EX-BOSWELLIA SERRATA, A NEW NATURAL SOURCE NSAID. Auteur(s) / Author(s). SINGH GB ; SINGH S. ; BANI S. ; Revue / Journal Title. Medicamentos de actualidad ISSN... more
... Titre du document / Document title. ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF SALAI-GUGGAL EX-BOSWELLIA SERRATA, A NEW NATURAL SOURCE NSAID. Auteur(s) / Author(s). SINGH GB ; SINGH S. ; BANI S. ; Revue / Journal Title. Medicamentos de actualidad ISSN 0025-7656 ...
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One theory of immune regulation involves homeostasis between T-helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) activity. The Th1/Th2 hypothesis arose from 1986 research suggesting that Th1- and Th2-helper cells direct different immune response... more
One theory of immune regulation involves homeostasis between T-helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) activity. The Th1/Th2 hypothesis arose from 1986 research suggesting that Th1- and Th2-helper cells direct different immune response pathways. Th1 cells drive the type-1 pathway (“cellular immunity”) to fight viruses and other intracellular pathogens, eliminate cancerous cells, and stimulate delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin Th2 cells drive the type-2 pathway (“humoral immunity”) and up-regulate antibody production to fight extracellular organisms; type 2 dominance is credited with tolerance of xenografts and of the fetus during pregnancy. Overactivation of either pattern can cause disease, and either pathway can down-regulate the other reactions. The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of aqueous extract of L. pumila (A003) on immune status in pregnant rats. From 14th day of pregnancy graded oral doses of A003 was administered till the day of p...
Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) (E. hirta) is a tree locally used as a traditional medicine in Africa and Australia to treat numerous diseases such as hypertension, respiratory ailments, tumors, wounds, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory... more
Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) (E. hirta) is a tree locally used as a traditional medicine in Africa and Australia to treat numerous diseases such as hypertension, respiratory ailments, tumors, wounds, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory activities, etc. Therefore, we undertook to investigate their immunomodulatory effect on T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ receptors) and Th1 cytokines (IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ) in a dose-dependent manner. E. hirta ethanol extract at 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg doses was given orally for 7 days from the day of immunization. E. hirta maximum inhibition at 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. was found to significantly block the production of the cell-mediated immune response, (CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ receptors) and (IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ) and also prolongs graft rejection. E. hirta also showed a decrease of delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) response and dose-related decrease in the primary antibody response, respectively. Based on the data, it can be suggested that E. hirta is a potent and non-toxic immunosuppressor, which can be further explored for the development of potent immunosuppressor.
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Oleanolic acid displayed anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan and dextran-induced oedema in rats. It elicited marked anti-arthritic action in adjuvant-induced polyarthritis in rats and mice and in formaldehyde-induced arthritis in... more
Oleanolic acid displayed anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan and dextran-induced oedema in rats. It elicited marked anti-arthritic action in adjuvant-induced polyarthritis in rats and mice and in formaldehyde-induced arthritis in rats. Oleanolic acid checked the inflammation-...
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The present study was conducted to explore the antiinflammatory activity of aqueous fraction of Bidens pilosa in different models of inflammation. Aqueous fraction at the dose of 100 mg/kg significantly suppressed the paw edema induced by... more
The present study was conducted to explore the antiinflammatory activity of aqueous fraction of Bidens pilosa in different models of inflammation. Aqueous fraction at the dose of 100 mg/kg significantly suppressed the paw edema induced by carrageenan and inhibited the ...
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The premise of the study was to investigate the effect of Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic acid (AKBA) on pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflamed rat knee joint. AKBA showed a significant dose dependent decrease in expression of TNF-α in in... more
The premise of the study was to investigate the effect of Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic acid (AKBA) on pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflamed rat knee joint. AKBA showed a significant dose dependent decrease in expression of TNF-α in in vitro study on LPS activated rat neutrophils ...
Investigation was carried out on Saponin 1 (SAP-1), a novel molecule isolated from Parthenium hysterophorus, on proinflammatory (Th1) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; anti-inflammatory (Th2) cytokines in blood of arthritic balb/c mice.... more
Investigation was carried out on Saponin 1 (SAP-1), a novel molecule isolated from Parthenium hysterophorus, on proinflammatory (Th1) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; anti-inflammatory (Th2) cytokines in blood of arthritic balb/c mice. Adjuvant induced developing inflammatory arthritis was induced in mice which were treated with SAP-1 in graded oral doses. The molecular markers were determined using Flow Cytometry which uses sensitivity of amplified fluorescence detection to measure soluble analytes in particle based immune assay. The T-helper (Th1) deviated cells produce detectable level of Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), while the Th2 deviated cells produce significant amount of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-5 (IL-5). SAP-1 at graded oral doses inhibited expression of IFN-gamma &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; TNF-alpha in serum &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; correspondingly increased expression of IL-4 significantly. SAP-1 also inhibited IL-17 and CD4(+)CD25(+) cell population showing to have suppressive effect on Th-17 pathway as well as T-regulatory cells. It also suppressed the increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators like IL-1β and NO. Inhibitors of Cox-2 and MCP-1 provide effective improvements in signs and symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis. SAP-1 decreased the elevated concentration of both COX-2 and MCP-1 in arthritic animals. SAP-1 diminishes Th1 immunity activation, a primary cause of arthritis, in favour of Th2 dominance, which reduces arthritic condition in mice displaying immune-modulatory potential.
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An immunopharmacological profile of 2, 7-dimethyl-3-nitro-4H pyrido [1,2-a] pyrimidine-4-one (P-I) has been investigated using in vitro and in vivo models representing various features of Type I allergy. P-I prevented compound... more
An immunopharmacological profile of 2, 7-dimethyl-3-nitro-4H pyrido [1,2-a] pyrimidine-4-one (P-I) has been investigated using in vitro and in vivo models representing various features of Type I allergy. P-I prevented compound 48/80-mediated histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. A promising anti-inflammatory activity of P-I was evident in active paw anaphylaxis (mice) and carragenan-induced paw edema (rat). P-I inhibited eosonophil accumulation and eosinophil peroxidase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from ovalbumin challenged balb/c mice: in these animals blood levels of IL-5, and CD4+ T cells also remained attenuated. A promising bronchorelaxant effect of P-I was observed in histamine-contracted guinea pig tracheal chain via its antagonism to H1 receptor. These findings were compared with some known compounds (ketotifen, cetirizine and promethazine). The anti-histaminic, anti-inflammatory and bronchorelaxant activities of P-I has been discussed in context with...
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Oral treatment of compound IIIA exhibited dose related inhibitory action in acute tests of carrageenan, histamine and dextran-induced oedema in rats. Marked inhibitory action of the compound was found when it was administered... more
Oral treatment of compound IIIA exhibited dose related inhibitory action in acute tests of carrageenan, histamine and dextran-induced oedema in rats. Marked inhibitory action of the compound was found when it was administered intraperitoneally in animals. It displayed prominent anti-arthritic activity in chronic tests of adjuvant and formaldehyde-induced arthritis in rats. It prevented the arthritis associated rise in total leucocyte count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It also lowered the levels of exudate volume and migration of leucocytes in carrageenan induced pleurisy in rats. It did not exhibit any analgesic, antipyretic or ulcerogenic effect. No mortality was recorded up to 2 g/kg in mice on oral or intraperitoneal treatment over a period of 72 hr.