Tourism

This paper is the outcome of extensive research carried out with the purpose of defining a development strategy for the Bairrada Wine Route in Portugal. This region has low levels of development, a condition made worse by the unfavourable economic situation of the private agents of ...

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine use and sharing economy (SE) continuance intention, and the mediation effects of use between individuals' motivations and SE continuance intention. A theoretical model is developed to explain use and SE continuance intention as intrinsic and extrinsic motivated behaviour, as proposed by self-determination theory. Factors are derived from SE context and supported by published research on SE.Design/methodology/approachThe partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM) technique is used to test the model in a quantitative study involving 256 users of SE services.FindingsFindings suggest that use and SE continuance can be explained by concurrent intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Moreover, high environmental concerns may restrain the use of SE services. Findings show that continuance intention is influenced by current use of SE services. Moreover, the study emphasizes the mediation effect of use between intrinsic and extrinsic motivati...

The study tests the relationship between motivation, satisfaction, and loyalty using a structural equation model. Data have been collected through a questionnaire applied to visitors attending a local festival, Castro Marim Medieval Fair, which hosts every year between 45.000 and 60.000 visitors. Results show that satisfaction towards controlled variables of the event within the venue’s boundaries, such as animation, gastronomy, and handicraft, influences visitors’ overall satisfaction towards the event. On the other hand, they also reveal a direct relationship between overall satisfaction and loyalty. The study contributes to a better understanding of visitors’ behaviour and provides useful guidance to festival ideation and design.

Purpose When evaluating a booking enquiry, hosts rely on peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation platforms (P2PAP) to make an informed decision. Consequently, accepting or rejecting a booking is influenced by the capacity of the P2PAP to convey to hosts valuable information about guests. This study aims to explain hosts’ task performance in short-term rentals (e-rentals). Design/methodology/approach The proposed model explains hosts’ task performance in e-rentals as a combination of task-specific user capabilities and technology capabilities. The model was tested using the partial least square path modelling technique. Findings Task-specific user capabilities of covert observation and interrogation were found to have a positive influence on task performance. Moreover, a moderation effect of representation on the relationship between self-disclosure and task performance was found to be significant, yet contrary to the one hypothesized. Originality/value The findings from this study help to ...

Given the significance of entrepreneurial women's contribution to the tourism industry and the fifth UN Sustainable Development Goal (gender equality) this study aims to investigate: first, the interrelationship between women entrepreneurship, creating shared value, and women's empowerment; and second, the effect of genderbased discriminations on women's entrepreneurship, creation shared value, and women's empowerment in the tourism context. Data were collected from 167 Iranian women operating various tourism-related enterprises and analysed using structural equation modelling in WarpPLS software. The results highlight the positive direct and indirect effects of female entrepreneurship on women's empowerment and the importance of the mediating role of creating shared value between these two constructs. The results also confirmed the negative impacts of gender-based discrimination in entrepreneurship and creating shared value for female tourism entrepreneurs in Iran. The practical implications of the study, limitations, and potential directions for future research are discussed.

COVID-19 outbreak has affected many sectors across the globe, and the lodging industry is among the hardest hits. Yet, empirical studies on the recovery strategies of accommodation establishments are limited. Drawing upon semi-structured interviews with 4 and 5-star hotels and ecolodges managers in Guilan province in Iran, this study aims to investigate the differences between recovery strategies of ecolodges and luxury hotels. The findings confirm the dramatic negative impacts of the pandemic on both the occupancy rate and revenue of the accommodation facilities in Guilan. Furthermore, using the frame analysis, the findings of this study illustrate that five recovery solutions have been adopted by the ecolodges and luxury hotels with different priorities and there are overall four key challenges in implementing these initiatives in Guilan's hospitality sector. According to the results obtained, in contrast to the findings of most previous studies and some advantages related to large-scale hotels, small-scale accommodation establishments such as ecolodges as local service businesses generally cope with this crisis more creatively and efficiently. Finally, the author draws some general conclusions, summarises the practical implications, and offers recommendations for further research.

Background:Official websites of tourism destinations provide an important digital content and are considered as widely-used tools of introducing destinations and presenting tourism products to the potential tourists. Improving the usability of websites helps the tourism destinations in achieving their goals. Websites usability is measured based on different criteria. Purpose:This paper evaluates and compares the usability of Iran and Malaysia official tourism destination websites-which are regarded as quite comparable in their tourism products and market-using seven criteria of content, visual attractiveness, infrastructure, interaction and responsiveness, navigation, customization, and product provision. Method:In order to do this evaluation, pairwise comparison questionnaires of the criteria were developed based on DEMATEL and ANP techniques and were answered online by 10 tourism experts in Iran. Websites' usability analysis was performed using a combination of two MCDM (Multiple Criteria Decision Making) techniques that are DEMATEL and ANP so that the causal relations of the criteria are identified along with the ranking of their significance. Findings: The findings of the research show "infrastructure" as the dispatcher criterion, "product provision" as the receiver, and "content" as the most important criterion in the usability of tourism destinations' websites. The findings also revealed the superiority of Malaysia's official tourism website as compared to that of Iran.

Tourism industry is one of the biggest and fast-growing activities worldwide. Along with an increase of extreme events, risk transfer by means of travel insurance is actually one of the most effective risk reduction strategies. However, despite the key role of insurance services in tourism risk management, the provision of these services faced several challenges, especially in emerging economies. The present study investigated the 'insurance' issue in Iran tourism sector through interviews with specialists and managers of tourism and travel insurance and a two-round Delphi consensus-building approach run on a sample of 32 participants. Results of a correlation analysis indicate an acceptable consensus within Delphi panel's members on specific items dealing with the role of insurance in developing tourism sector. A better understanding of issues dealing with tourism insurance diffusion in Iran contributes to improve the delivery of travel services and reduce the severity of risks intrinsically associated with tourism activity.

گردشگری به‏عنوان جریان و واقعیتی اجتماعی، دارای ماهیتی پویاست و تحت تأثیر تحولات جوامع قرار دارد. اگرچه نویسندگان مختلف هر یک به زعم خود، برای تغییرات گردشگری مراحل مختلفی تحت عناوین متفاوت متصور می‏شوند، به‏طور کلی محسوس‏ترین این تغییرات، گذار این پدیدۀ اجتماعی از مدرنیسم به پسامدرنیسم است. آگاهی و بصیرت نسبت به این تغییرات و اینکه تمایلات رفتاری گردشگران در این گذار، به چه صورت رخ داده است، برای عرضه‏کنندگان و بازاریابان مقصد بسیار مفید خواهد بود. در این نوشتار سعی شد با استفاده از روش تحقیق فراتلفیق و ارائۀ چارچوب تحلیلی مستخرج از مطالعات مرتبط داخلی و خارجی، جنبه‏های مختلف تمایلات رفتاری گردشگران در عصر پست‏مدرن بررسی و تحلیل شوند. مطابق چارچوب تحلیلی ارایه¬شده، تمایلات رفتاری گردشگران در عصر پست¬مدرن در سه مرحله قبل از سفر (چرایی و انگیزه سفر، جستجوی اطلاعات و انتخاب مقصد)، حین سفر (خرید، مشارکت در فعالیت¬ها و تعامل با جامعه میزبان) و بعد از سفر (تمایل به تکرار بازدید و به¬اشترک¬گذاری تجربه¬های سفر) بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که گردشگران عصر پست¬مدرن دارای انگیزۀ تنوع‏طلبی و خواهان کسب تجربه‏های متنوع و منحصربه¬فرد هستند. آن‏ها با آگاهی از عدم اصالت (واقعی¬نبودن) فرهنگ‏ها و رویدادهای مقصد، بیشتر طرفدار مقصدهای گردشگری میراث، گردشگری عبرت و اکوتوریسم هستند و به جای خیره‏شدن منفعل، برای خلق مشترک تجربه‏های سفر، ارزش بسیار قائلند. اهمیت سنت‏ها در قالب جاذبه، به‏ اشتراک ‏گذاری اطلاعات برای خودافزایی و کمک به‏دیگران، اهمیت نمادین محصولات و صنایع¬دستی مقصد، توجه به مسائل پایداری و عدم تعهد و وفاداری به مقصدی خاص، از جمله ویژگی‏های بارز گردشگران در عصر پست¬مدرن است.

Drawing on the authentic happiness theory, the aims of this article are threefold: first, to propose a refined measurement scale for tourists' sense of well-being; second, to investigate the impact of four categories of tourist experience on tourists' sense of well-being; and third, to explore the effect of the sense of well-being on tourists' satisfaction and loyalty. Data were collected from tourists spending their holidays in the Algarve, Portugal. To address the lack of an integrated measurement scale for assessing tourists' sense of well-being, an exploratory factor analysis was initially conducted. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in WarpPLS 8.0. The findings reveal a three-dimensional scale for tourists' sense of well-being, consisting of meaningfulness, active pleasure, and release. The results also show a significant positive impact of the four realms of tourists' experiences on the sense of well-being. Finally, positive relationships between well-being, tourist satisfaction and loyalty are confirmed. The theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and potential directions for future research are discussed.

Given the significance of entrepreneurial women's contribution to the tourism industry and the fifth UN Sustainable Development Goal (gender equality) this study aims to investigate: first, the interrelationship between women entrepreneurship, creating shared value, and women's empowerment; and second, the effect of genderbased discriminations on women's entrepreneurship, creation shared value, and women's empowerment in the tourism context. Data were collected from 167 Iranian women operating various tourism-related enterprises and analysed using structural equation modelling in WarpPLS software. The results highlight the positive direct and indirect effects of female entrepreneurship on women's empowerment and the importance of the mediating role of creating shared value between these two constructs. The results also confirmed the negative impacts of gender-based discrimination in entrepreneurship and creating shared value for female tourism entrepreneurs in Iran. The practical implications of the study, limitations, and potential directions for future research are discussed.

Gender (in)equality in entrepreneurship has been getting more attention in recent decades. The number of female entrepreneurs repeatedly reported less than males due to cultural issues, education, and lack of support. Moreover, launching start-up apiaries is more challenging for Asian women in tourism, and the likelihood of unsuccessful experiences is higher among them. Accordingly, the lack of empirical material on female entrepreneurs in tourism and gender equality issues, especially in middle east countries, are the two main gaps. Therefore, this paper tries to reveal the Iranian female entrepreneurship experience to fulfil these gaps. This research applied a qualitative research design leading with social constructivism and critical theory. 12 Iranian female tourism entrepreneurs participated in semi-structured online interviews. The snowball sampling technique was applied to collect data that was analysed thematically. The findings of this study highlighted that family responsibility, legal disparities, credit constraints, and the social construction of gender roles and norms are among the hurdles restricting females from engaging in social and economic opportunities. Moreover, the participants mentioned that the lack of social, government, and sponsors' support and a platform for training and sharing peers' experiences impact their businesses.

Os paradigmas do turismo dos anos 80 estão ultrapassados perante a emergência daquilo que se designou por «Turismo Criativo». As novas estratégias de regeneração urbana apontam para uma ligação e cooperação entre as ‘indústrias criativas’e o turismo. O novo turista procura experiências autênticas, que proporcionem desenvolvimento pessoal e aprendiagem. A existência de recursos culturais e de património histórico não são condições obrigatórias ao desenvolvimento deste tipo de turismo, e estabelecem a fronteira com o turismo cultural.A cooperação entre o turismo e as indústrias criativas nem sempre é fácil, dado que apresentam abordagens distintas e por vees conituantes dos mesmos recursos. As principais estratégias de desenvolvimento das comunidades criativas são aqui apresentadas, assim como, as fórmulas mais utiliadas para o desenvolvimento do «Turismo Criativo».