Papers by Víctor A. Torres-González
Gerión, 2023
Tras el desenlace del Bellum Sociale los aliados latinos e itálicos lograron la anhelada ciudadan... more Tras el desenlace del Bellum Sociale los aliados latinos e itálicos lograron la anhelada ciudadanía romana, pero en contraprestación vieron cómo se les imponía mediante leges datae el ordenamiento municipal romano y también los colegios de magistrados cuatorvirales, que sustituyeron sus tradicionales constituciones políticas. Este trabajo aborda el estudio de los orígenes del cuatorvirato y cómo se implantó esta magistratura en los años inmediatamente posteriores a la guerra. Mediante el análisis de los testimonios epigráficos de los primeros momentos de vida de los nuevos municipios romanos, se analizará la estructura interna de los cuerpos de cuatorviros a fin de determinar si existió desde el principio una división formal de funciones entre sus miembros, es decir, si había una pareja de rango superior con atribuciones jurisdicentes y otra inferior con potestad edilicia.
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Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 2023
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Habis, 2023
Es sabido que una de las atribuciones principales de los colegios de magistrados superiores de la... more Es sabido que una de las atribuciones principales de los colegios de magistrados superiores de las comunidades cívicas romanas era la administración de la justicia; sin embargo, la historiografía ha dedicado una mayor atención a otras competencias, como por ejemplo la construcción y los arrendamientos públicos, ya que han dejado una mayor huella documental epigráfica. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una visión general sobre la función jurisdicente de los magistrados locales romanos y analizar su significación histórica en la vida pública de la ciudad dentro del marco de la autonomía municipal reconocida por Roma.
It is known that one of the main powers of the colleges of high magistrates of the Roman towns was the administration of justice; however, historiography has devoted more attention to other competences such as building and public leases, since they have left a greater epigraphic evidence. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present an overview of the jurisdictional power of Roman local magistrates and to analyse their historical significance in the public life of the city within the framework of the municipal autonomy recognised by Rome.
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Instituciones locales, religión cívica y élites urbanas en el Egipto romano (s. II-IV d.C.), 2022
El presente trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio la relación entre dos de las principales institu... more El presente trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio la relación entre dos de las principales instituciones políticas que definían el autogobierno de una metropolis en el Egipto romano: la boule y el prytanis. En primer lugar, se abordará el desarrollo de la autonomía local en las comunidades cívicas grecoegipcias desde la conquista romana hasta la reforma de Septimio Severo. En segundo lugar, a modo de ejemplificación de lo expuesto en el apartado anterior, se ofrecerá la transcripción y traducción de P. Oxy. XII, 1415, que contiene las actas de una sesión del senado local de la ciudad de Oxirrinco. En último lugar, se procederá al análisis de dicho documento, con el fin de examinar las funciones básicas del prytanis y la boule dentro del autogobierno de la metropolis.
The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between two of the main political institutions, which defined the local self-government in Roman Egypt: the boule and the prytanis. First, the development of municipal administration from the Roman conquest to the reform of Septimius Severus will be addressed. Secondly, the transcription and translation of P. Oxy. XII, 1415, which contains the report of proceedings of the town council of Oxyrhynchus, will be analysed in order to study the basic functions of the prytanis and the boule within the self-government of the metropolis in Roman Egypt.
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El presente trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio el cargo de prítano, el presidente de la boulé, ... more El presente trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio el cargo de prítano, el presidente de la boulé, en las metrópolis del Egipto romano. La historiografía moderna, fundamentalmente la anglosajona, no deja clara la naturaleza de la pritanía, puesto que no parece contemplarla como una magistratura propia e independiente del consejo municipal. Nuestro objetivo será exponer y analizar una serie de testimonios papirológicos que muestran al prítano en el ejercicio de sus funciones. De este modo, gracias a esta visión de conjunto del ámbito de competencias de la pritanía en las metrópolis grecoegipcias de los siglos III y IV, buscamos responder a la cuestión de si este cargo era una verdadera ἀρχή municipal e incluso si se podría llegar a definir como una “magistratura superior”.
The aim of this paper is to study the office of prytanis, the president of the boule, in the metropoleis of Roman Egypt. Modern historiography, mainly the English one, does not make clear the nature of the prytany, since it does not seem to consider it as an independent magistracy from the municipal council. Our objective is to present and analyse a series of papyri which show the prytanis in the exercise of his functions. Thus, thanks to this overview of the field of competencies of the prytany in the towns of Roman Egypt in the third and fourth centuries AD, we seek to answer the question of whether this office was a true municipal ἀρχή and furthermore if it could be defined as a “high magistracy”.
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E pluribus Roma. Identità storica e artistica di una realtà urbana che ambiva a diventare ‘memorabile’, 2023
Il contributo prende in esame le testimonianze epigrafiche relative ai senatori romani che rivest... more Il contributo prende in esame le testimonianze epigrafiche relative ai senatori romani che rivestirono magistrature locali nelle comunità del Latium vetus in età tardorepubblicana e imperiale. L’analisi di questo piccolo corpus mostrerà le relazioni di questi senatori con queste
comunità e i due motivi per cui essi ricoprirono cariche municipali: da un lato, si trattò di incarichi precedenti l’inizio del loro cursus honorum; dall’altro, di onori civici in riconoscimento della loro carriera politica.
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International Journal for 21st Century Education, 2022
Los autores clásicos transmiten una imagen de la mujer romana bastante parcial y llena de tópic... more Los autores clásicos transmiten una imagen de la mujer romana bastante parcial y llena de tópicos negativos, dedicada fundamentalmente al cuidado del hogar y de los hijos. Toda aquella fémina que se saliera de este rígido esquema era duramente criticada por ello. En cambio, las fuentes epigráficas revelan una situación bien distinta, puesto que en ellas se conserva el recuerdo de mujeres realizando importantes y generosas donaciones hacia su comunidad, o bien siendo homenajeadas públicamente con la erección de estatuas honoríficas en los espacios más representativos de la ciudad. El objetivo de nuestro artículo será precisamente trasladar esa realidad transmitida por la epigrafía al aula de Educación Secundaria, en la que todavía hace falta aumentar la presencia de contenidos de género. A tal efecto, se han diseñado dos propuestas de actividades digitales para trabajar la historia de la mujer en la ciudad romana.
Roman woman's picture emerged from the ancient authors is rather partial and plenty of negative clichés: they were basically devoted to take care of the home and children. Any woman out of this rigid scheme was harshly criticised for it. Nevertheless, epigraphic sources reveal a very different situation, since they record women bestowing generous donations to their community or being publicly honoured with honorific statues in the most important places in the town. The aim of our paper is to transfer this reality showed by epigraphy to the secondary school classroom, where there is still a need to increase the presence of gender content. With that purpose, two proposals for digital activities have been designed to work on the history of women in the Roman town. These activities not only contribute to diminish the lack of gender topics in the curriculum, but are also useful to approach other gender-related knowledge and simultaneously improve several competencies thanks to their interdisciplinary approach.
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Game of Thrones-A View from the Humanities Vol. 2: Heroes, Villains and Pulsions, 2023
The aim of this paper is to analyse one of the main families of the fantasy saga of Game of Thron... more The aim of this paper is to analyse one of the main families of the fantasy saga of Game of Thrones: The Lannisters, who have many historical counterparts that could serve as a source of inspiration for George R. R. Martin. As Plutarch did with his series of biographies commonly called Parallel Lives, a comparison will be made with several historical characters that might be considered the alter ego of the main members of House Lannister: Tywin and Richard Neville, earl of Warwick, the wealthiest and mightiest peer in England, who was known as the “Kingmaker” in the War of the Two Roses; Cersei and queen Margaret of Anjou, wife of Henry VI of House Lancaster, king of England; Jaime Lannister and Cesare Borgia, the condottiero and son of Pope Alexander VI; and finally, Tyrion and Claudius, an astute Roman emperor who, however, in his youth was outcast by his family due to his physical defects.
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Wiener Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte online (WBAGon) 3, 2020
The aim of this paper is to analyse the origin of the ‘municipal’ praefecti, i.e. the substitutes... more The aim of this paper is to analyse the origin of the ‘municipal’ praefecti, i.e. the substitutes for the regular magistrates in charge of governing the civic communities. It is studied fundamentally the information coming from Italy, but also from Spain, since we think that the rich and, sometimes, early documentation from certain Roman colonies founded in the Hispania Citerior (Colonia Victrix Iulia Lepida) and in the Ulterior (Colonia Genetiva Iulia Urbanorum Urso) can throw a some light on the origin, types and functions of these praefecti, as well as on the moment and the causes of the disappearance of the local interreges.
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Juego de Tronos: Un diálogo con la Historia (y las Humanidades), 2021
Capítulo centrado en las referencias históricas que George R.R. Martin ha tenido en cuenta para c... more Capítulo centrado en las referencias históricas que George R.R. Martin ha tenido en cuenta para confeccionar a uno de los linajes más interesantes de la saga de literatura fantástica "Juego de Tronos". Se incluyen referencias a la adaptación televisiva de la HBO asimismo.
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Fretum Hispanicum. Nuevas perspectivas sobre el Estrecho de Gibraltar durante la Antigüedad, 2018
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Epigraphica, 2019
Abstract. This paper studies the praefecti Caesaris or Imperatoris which are attested in the comm... more Abstract. This paper studies the praefecti Caesaris or Imperatoris which are attested in the communities of Roman Spain. Firstly, we analyse chapter 24 of the leges Irnitana y Salpensana concerning the appointment of prefect and how this nomination was put into practice in different Hispanic and Italian cities. Then, we examine individually the whole documentation of this institution in Roman Spain, allowing us to propound new epigraphic readings, new hypothesis of the information furnished by certain coinages, and finally a reconstruction of the socio-political profile of those who held the praefectura principis.
Keywords: Roman municipal life; Roman municipal law; local elites.
Resumen. En este trabajo llevamos a cabo un estudio detallado de los praefecti Caesaris o Imperatoris atestiguados en las comunidades cívicas hispanas. En primer lugar, analizamos el capítulo 24 de las leyes de Irni y Salpensa sobre la designación del prefecto y cómo se efectuó en la práctica este nombramiento en las distintas ciudades hispanas e italianas. A continuación, examinamos individualmente todos los testimonios conservados sobre esta institución en Hispania, lo que nos permite plantear nuevas lecturas de epígrafes, nuevas hipótesis sobre la información contenida en determinadas series monetales y, finalmente, reconstruir el perfil sociopolítico de los personajes que desempeñaron la praefectura principis
Palabras clave: vida municipal romana; legislación local romana; élites locales.
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La quinquenalidad y la fórmula epigráXca omnibus honoribus functus, 2018
La historiografía ha asumido que la fórmula omnibus honoribus functus resumía el ejercicio de los... more La historiografía ha asumido que la fórmula omnibus honoribus functus resumía el ejercicio de los cargos de la cuestura, la edilidad y el dunvirato. No obstante, ¿qué ocurre con la quinquenalidad? ¿Formaba parte del cursus honorum local y, por consiguiente, debería estar incluida bajo esta locución epigráfica? A fin de resolver esta cuestión, en este trabajo intentaremos determinar primero si la quinquennalitas se trató efectivamente de un honos. A continuación, analizaremos las inscripciones procedentes de Hispania, Italia y África que recogen esta expresión. Mediante este estudio comparativo entre la concepción teórica de la quinquenalidad y la aplicación práctica de omnibus honoribus functus, pretendemos buscar si es posible establecer un criterio que nos permita definir qué personajes fueron quinquenales y cuáles no.
The historiography has assumed that the formula omnibus honoribus functus summarized the holding of the quaestorship, the aedileship and the duumvirate. But what about quinquennialate? Was it part of the local cursus honorum and, therefore, should it be included under this phrase? In order to solve this question, first, we will try to determine if the quinquennalitas was effectively an honos. Then, we will analyse the inscriptions from Hispania, Italy and Africa which include that formula. Through this comparative study between the theoretical conception of the quinquennialate and the use of omnibus honoribus functus, our aim is to find if it is possible to establish a criterion to define which notables were quinquennales and which ones were not.
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Colonización y municipalización romana en el estrecho de Gibraltar durante la época julio-claudia, 2018
El estrecho de Gibraltar constituía una región estratégica clave al tratarse del punto de conexió... more El estrecho de Gibraltar constituía una región estratégica clave al tratarse del punto de conexión entre África y Europa, y entre el Mar Mediterráneo y el Océano Atlántico. Por esta razón, esta zona ha sido objeto de varias actuaciones por parte del poder romano a fin de asegurar su dominio y explotación. En el presente trabajo, procedemos a realizar un estado de la cuestión sobre uno de los aspectos fundamentales de esta política: el proceso de colonización y municipalización desarrollado a ambas orillas del Fretum Hispanicum.
The Strait of Gibraltar was a key strategic region, since it was the link between Africa and Europe, as well as the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The Roman power therefore performed many actions on this zone in order to secure its domination and exploitation. The aim of this paper is to review the main aspects of this politics: the process of colonization and municipalization developed on both sides of the Fretum Hispanicum.
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Gerión. Revista de Historia Antigua, 2018
Abstract. This paper firstly propounds that the prefecture as a civic promagistracy should have a... more Abstract. This paper firstly propounds that the prefecture as a civic promagistracy should have already been instituted in different Italic municipalities and colonies since the end of the Republic (44-42 BC), coexisting with the interregnum. Between 43 and 32 BC, the prefects appointed by local senates should have begun to appear and to replace gradually the interreges. Then, in the matter of the nature of the single prefect that figures in Chapter 25 of the leges Irnitana y Salpensana, our analysis tries showing that this rule was in a limited period of validity. Finally, we make a detailed study of the sociopolitical profile of those who were municipal praefecti in the cities of Roman Spain.
Resumen. En una primera parte de este trabajo planteamos que desde fines de la República (44-42 a.C.) la prefectura, como promagistratura cívica, debió estar ya implantada en diferentes municipios itálicos y colonias, coexistiendo con el interregnum. En estas fechas o poco después, entre el 43 y el 32 a.C., debieron comenzar a aparecer los prefectos nombrados por los senados locales, quienes empezarán progresivamente a sustituir a los interreges. A continuación, analizamos la figura del prefecto único, que aparece establecida en el capítulo vigesimoquinto de las leyes de Irni y Salpensa, que entendemos debió tener una vigencia temporal muy limitada, terminando por realizar un detallado estudio del perfil sociopolítico de quienes fueron praefecti municipales en las ciudades de la Hispania romana.
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Our doctoral research consists in establishing a prosopographical catalogue of the duumviri quinq... more Our doctoral research consists in establishing a prosopographical catalogue of the duumviri quinquennales of the Italian Peninsula throughout the Roman period. As an example, we intend to present a brief overview with the duumviri quinquennales of the Roman Hispania where we have identified a total of 51 magistrates (19 in the epigraphy and 33 in the coins). Based on this purpose, firstly, in our poster we are going to assess succinctly the available sources of study and then we are going to try to determine which type of cities these magistrates performed their functions in. Subsequently, we are going to make a prosopographical analysis of the duumviri quinquennales of Hispania: their cursus honorum, their social status, their promotion to upper ranks, their euergetic actions, their public homages, etc. In summary, despite the considerable shortage of evidences (in reality, all our examples are confined to a few cities of the Hispania Citerior), we will try to demonstrate the important prestige and power that maintained these dignitaries who also were constituted as a special elite in the ordines decurionum.
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Este trabajo pretende realizar un estudio del Libro X de las Epistolae de Plinio el Joven, centra... more Este trabajo pretende realizar un estudio del Libro X de las Epistolae de Plinio el Joven, centrado en su gobierno de la provincia de Bitinia-Ponto a principios del siglo II d.C. Nuestro objetivo principal es conocer e interpretar cómo funcionaba el sistema administrativo de las provincias imperiales durante el Alto Imperio a partir de este testimonio excepcional. En función de este fin, mostraremos el significado del gobierno provincial para el desarrollo y mantenimiento de un Estado tan extenso y diverso como fue el Imperio romano.
The aim of this paper is to study about Book X of the Epistolae of Pliny the Younger, focused on his government of the province of Bithynia-Pontus at the beginning of the second century AD. Our main objective is to know and to interpret how works the administrative system of the imperial provinces during the High Empire from this exceptional testimony. Based on this purpose, we are going to show the significance of the provincial government of a State as wide and diverse as the Roman Empire was.
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Papers by Víctor A. Torres-González
It is known that one of the main powers of the colleges of high magistrates of the Roman towns was the administration of justice; however, historiography has devoted more attention to other competences such as building and public leases, since they have left a greater epigraphic evidence. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present an overview of the jurisdictional power of Roman local magistrates and to analyse their historical significance in the public life of the city within the framework of the municipal autonomy recognised by Rome.
The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between two of the main political institutions, which defined the local self-government in Roman Egypt: the boule and the prytanis. First, the development of municipal administration from the Roman conquest to the reform of Septimius Severus will be addressed. Secondly, the transcription and translation of P. Oxy. XII, 1415, which contains the report of proceedings of the town council of Oxyrhynchus, will be analysed in order to study the basic functions of the prytanis and the boule within the self-government of the metropolis in Roman Egypt.
The aim of this paper is to study the office of prytanis, the president of the boule, in the metropoleis of Roman Egypt. Modern historiography, mainly the English one, does not make clear the nature of the prytany, since it does not seem to consider it as an independent magistracy from the municipal council. Our objective is to present and analyse a series of papyri which show the prytanis in the exercise of his functions. Thus, thanks to this overview of the field of competencies of the prytany in the towns of Roman Egypt in the third and fourth centuries AD, we seek to answer the question of whether this office was a true municipal ἀρχή and furthermore if it could be defined as a “high magistracy”.
comunità e i due motivi per cui essi ricoprirono cariche municipali: da un lato, si trattò di incarichi precedenti l’inizio del loro cursus honorum; dall’altro, di onori civici in riconoscimento della loro carriera politica.
Roman woman's picture emerged from the ancient authors is rather partial and plenty of negative clichés: they were basically devoted to take care of the home and children. Any woman out of this rigid scheme was harshly criticised for it. Nevertheless, epigraphic sources reveal a very different situation, since they record women bestowing generous donations to their community or being publicly honoured with honorific statues in the most important places in the town. The aim of our paper is to transfer this reality showed by epigraphy to the secondary school classroom, where there is still a need to increase the presence of gender content. With that purpose, two proposals for digital activities have been designed to work on the history of women in the Roman town. These activities not only contribute to diminish the lack of gender topics in the curriculum, but are also useful to approach other gender-related knowledge and simultaneously improve several competencies thanks to their interdisciplinary approach.
Keywords: Roman municipal life; Roman municipal law; local elites.
Resumen. En este trabajo llevamos a cabo un estudio detallado de los praefecti Caesaris o Imperatoris atestiguados en las comunidades cívicas hispanas. En primer lugar, analizamos el capítulo 24 de las leyes de Irni y Salpensa sobre la designación del prefecto y cómo se efectuó en la práctica este nombramiento en las distintas ciudades hispanas e italianas. A continuación, examinamos individualmente todos los testimonios conservados sobre esta institución en Hispania, lo que nos permite plantear nuevas lecturas de epígrafes, nuevas hipótesis sobre la información contenida en determinadas series monetales y, finalmente, reconstruir el perfil sociopolítico de los personajes que desempeñaron la praefectura principis
Palabras clave: vida municipal romana; legislación local romana; élites locales.
The historiography has assumed that the formula omnibus honoribus functus summarized the holding of the quaestorship, the aedileship and the duumvirate. But what about quinquennialate? Was it part of the local cursus honorum and, therefore, should it be included under this phrase? In order to solve this question, first, we will try to determine if the quinquennalitas was effectively an honos. Then, we will analyse the inscriptions from Hispania, Italy and Africa which include that formula. Through this comparative study between the theoretical conception of the quinquennialate and the use of omnibus honoribus functus, our aim is to find if it is possible to establish a criterion to define which notables were quinquennales and which ones were not.
The Strait of Gibraltar was a key strategic region, since it was the link between Africa and Europe, as well as the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The Roman power therefore performed many actions on this zone in order to secure its domination and exploitation. The aim of this paper is to review the main aspects of this politics: the process of colonization and municipalization developed on both sides of the Fretum Hispanicum.
Resumen. En una primera parte de este trabajo planteamos que desde fines de la República (44-42 a.C.) la prefectura, como promagistratura cívica, debió estar ya implantada en diferentes municipios itálicos y colonias, coexistiendo con el interregnum. En estas fechas o poco después, entre el 43 y el 32 a.C., debieron comenzar a aparecer los prefectos nombrados por los senados locales, quienes empezarán progresivamente a sustituir a los interreges. A continuación, analizamos la figura del prefecto único, que aparece establecida en el capítulo vigesimoquinto de las leyes de Irni y Salpensa, que entendemos debió tener una vigencia temporal muy limitada, terminando por realizar un detallado estudio del perfil sociopolítico de quienes fueron praefecti municipales en las ciudades de la Hispania romana.
The aim of this paper is to study about Book X of the Epistolae of Pliny the Younger, focused on his government of the province of Bithynia-Pontus at the beginning of the second century AD. Our main objective is to know and to interpret how works the administrative system of the imperial provinces during the High Empire from this exceptional testimony. Based on this purpose, we are going to show the significance of the provincial government of a State as wide and diverse as the Roman Empire was.
It is known that one of the main powers of the colleges of high magistrates of the Roman towns was the administration of justice; however, historiography has devoted more attention to other competences such as building and public leases, since they have left a greater epigraphic evidence. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present an overview of the jurisdictional power of Roman local magistrates and to analyse their historical significance in the public life of the city within the framework of the municipal autonomy recognised by Rome.
The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between two of the main political institutions, which defined the local self-government in Roman Egypt: the boule and the prytanis. First, the development of municipal administration from the Roman conquest to the reform of Septimius Severus will be addressed. Secondly, the transcription and translation of P. Oxy. XII, 1415, which contains the report of proceedings of the town council of Oxyrhynchus, will be analysed in order to study the basic functions of the prytanis and the boule within the self-government of the metropolis in Roman Egypt.
The aim of this paper is to study the office of prytanis, the president of the boule, in the metropoleis of Roman Egypt. Modern historiography, mainly the English one, does not make clear the nature of the prytany, since it does not seem to consider it as an independent magistracy from the municipal council. Our objective is to present and analyse a series of papyri which show the prytanis in the exercise of his functions. Thus, thanks to this overview of the field of competencies of the prytany in the towns of Roman Egypt in the third and fourth centuries AD, we seek to answer the question of whether this office was a true municipal ἀρχή and furthermore if it could be defined as a “high magistracy”.
comunità e i due motivi per cui essi ricoprirono cariche municipali: da un lato, si trattò di incarichi precedenti l’inizio del loro cursus honorum; dall’altro, di onori civici in riconoscimento della loro carriera politica.
Roman woman's picture emerged from the ancient authors is rather partial and plenty of negative clichés: they were basically devoted to take care of the home and children. Any woman out of this rigid scheme was harshly criticised for it. Nevertheless, epigraphic sources reveal a very different situation, since they record women bestowing generous donations to their community or being publicly honoured with honorific statues in the most important places in the town. The aim of our paper is to transfer this reality showed by epigraphy to the secondary school classroom, where there is still a need to increase the presence of gender content. With that purpose, two proposals for digital activities have been designed to work on the history of women in the Roman town. These activities not only contribute to diminish the lack of gender topics in the curriculum, but are also useful to approach other gender-related knowledge and simultaneously improve several competencies thanks to their interdisciplinary approach.
Keywords: Roman municipal life; Roman municipal law; local elites.
Resumen. En este trabajo llevamos a cabo un estudio detallado de los praefecti Caesaris o Imperatoris atestiguados en las comunidades cívicas hispanas. En primer lugar, analizamos el capítulo 24 de las leyes de Irni y Salpensa sobre la designación del prefecto y cómo se efectuó en la práctica este nombramiento en las distintas ciudades hispanas e italianas. A continuación, examinamos individualmente todos los testimonios conservados sobre esta institución en Hispania, lo que nos permite plantear nuevas lecturas de epígrafes, nuevas hipótesis sobre la información contenida en determinadas series monetales y, finalmente, reconstruir el perfil sociopolítico de los personajes que desempeñaron la praefectura principis
Palabras clave: vida municipal romana; legislación local romana; élites locales.
The historiography has assumed that the formula omnibus honoribus functus summarized the holding of the quaestorship, the aedileship and the duumvirate. But what about quinquennialate? Was it part of the local cursus honorum and, therefore, should it be included under this phrase? In order to solve this question, first, we will try to determine if the quinquennalitas was effectively an honos. Then, we will analyse the inscriptions from Hispania, Italy and Africa which include that formula. Through this comparative study between the theoretical conception of the quinquennialate and the use of omnibus honoribus functus, our aim is to find if it is possible to establish a criterion to define which notables were quinquennales and which ones were not.
The Strait of Gibraltar was a key strategic region, since it was the link between Africa and Europe, as well as the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The Roman power therefore performed many actions on this zone in order to secure its domination and exploitation. The aim of this paper is to review the main aspects of this politics: the process of colonization and municipalization developed on both sides of the Fretum Hispanicum.
Resumen. En una primera parte de este trabajo planteamos que desde fines de la República (44-42 a.C.) la prefectura, como promagistratura cívica, debió estar ya implantada en diferentes municipios itálicos y colonias, coexistiendo con el interregnum. En estas fechas o poco después, entre el 43 y el 32 a.C., debieron comenzar a aparecer los prefectos nombrados por los senados locales, quienes empezarán progresivamente a sustituir a los interreges. A continuación, analizamos la figura del prefecto único, que aparece establecida en el capítulo vigesimoquinto de las leyes de Irni y Salpensa, que entendemos debió tener una vigencia temporal muy limitada, terminando por realizar un detallado estudio del perfil sociopolítico de quienes fueron praefecti municipales en las ciudades de la Hispania romana.
The aim of this paper is to study about Book X of the Epistolae of Pliny the Younger, focused on his government of the province of Bithynia-Pontus at the beginning of the second century AD. Our main objective is to know and to interpret how works the administrative system of the imperial provinces during the High Empire from this exceptional testimony. Based on this purpose, we are going to show the significance of the provincial government of a State as wide and diverse as the Roman Empire was.
En la biografía ficticia de Jaime Lannister hay muchos detalles que recuerdan a César Borgia, el hijo y condotiero del polémico papa Alejandro VI, incluyendo una leyenda negra fabricada por los enemigos del clan. De igual forma, la agudeza de Tyrion y su capacidad para sobrevivir a su enloquecido sobrino Joffrey Baratheon le vinculan con el taimado emperador Claudio, quien también logró sobreponerse a sus defectos físicos para terminar alcanzando el poder tras la muerte de Calígula.
Asimismo, basta esbozar una breve mirada sobre sus relaciones con otros linajes de esta saga para encontrar más referencias en la Edad Antigua, Media, Moderna, etc. Su pugna con los norteños Stark, punto de arranque de Canción de Hielo y Fuego, bebe directamente de las contiendas Lancaster-York en la Guerra de las dos Rosas. De igual forma, el ascenso de nuestros protagonistas debe mucho a su provechosa alianza con los Targaryen, un clan antiguo y endogámico cuya política matrimonial se asemeja notablemente con la ejercida por los Ptolomeos de Egipto.
A lo largo de esta comunicación, pretendemos mostrar de forma amena pero rigurosa las distintas ramificaciones históricas que se esconden a través de esta célebre Casa, incluyendo la simbología de la que el autor y la serie de HBO la rodean (heráldica, ascenso social, venalidad, enlaces conyugales, etc.).