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O Rio Grande do Sul figura como o principal produtor de uvas do Brasil, com area cultivada de 36.668 ha, respondendo por aproximadamente 95% do total de uvas processadas no pais. Em 2003 foram produzidos no Rio Grande do Sul cerca de 380... more
O Rio Grande do Sul figura como o principal produtor de uvas do Brasil, com area cultivada de 36.668 ha, respondendo por aproximadamente 95% do total de uvas processadas no pais. Em 2003 foram produzidos no Rio Grande do Sul cerca de 380 milhoes de quilos de uva e 232 milhoes de litros de vinhos e derivados (UVIBRA, 2004). O alto investimento no setor da vitivinicultura requer praticas de manejo que venham assegurar a sanidade dos pomares, reduzir custos, garantir produtos de boa qualidade, alem de promover a sustentabilidade do sistema. Diversas sao as doencas e pragas que estao relacionadas com a cultura da videira ocasionando prejuizos significativos, entre elas a traca dos cachos Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) (Botton et. al., 2004). Cryptoblabes gnidiella, e um microlepidoptero cujas mariposas possuem cerca de 10 mm de comprimento e 22 mm de envergadura, com coloracao predominantemente cinza. As lagartas tem coloracao castanho, quando completamente desenvolvidas, atingem cerca de 10 mm de comprimento. Os adultos tem habitos crepusculares e noturnos, mostrando-se pouco ativos durante o dia. As femeas colocam em media 25 ovos, de forma isolada nos peciolos das folhas e na superficie dos frutos (Botton et. al., 2004). Em condicoes de laboratorio a uma temperatura media de 25oC o estagio larval tem duracao de 14-16 dias. O periodo pupal dura, em media, entre 8 e 10 dias (SWAILEM et. al., 1972). Em videiras, as lagartas alojam-se no interior das bagas, raspando a casca do engaco, causando o murchamento e, consequente queda das uvas, provocam lesoes nos
Ciencia e Biologia: experimentos para a sala de aula, organizado pelas professoras Silvia Regina Sampaio Freitas e Luciane Lopes de Souza, foi pensado para ser um suporte metodologico para que professores de Ciencias Naturais e Biologia... more
Ciencia e Biologia: experimentos para a sala de aula, organizado pelas professoras Silvia Regina Sampaio Freitas e Luciane Lopes de Souza, foi pensado para ser um suporte metodologico para que professores de Ciencias Naturais e Biologia da Educacao Basica dinamizem o ensino em suas aulas de forma mais didatica por meio de tecnicas de facil execucao, utilizando materiais de baixo custo.
As areas de restinga do Espirito Santo sao locais de grande diversidade de especies vegetais, contudo carecem de estudos, principalmente os relacionados as interacoes ecologicas. Ao longo de um ano, foram estudadas 18 especies vegetais... more
As areas de restinga do Espirito Santo sao locais de grande diversidade de especies vegetais, contudo carecem de estudos, principalmente os relacionados as interacoes ecologicas. Ao longo de um ano, foram estudadas 18 especies vegetais melitofilas, distribuidas em 13 familias presentes em uma area de restinga do Parque Estadual Paulo Cesar Vinha (PEPCV). O semestre chuvoso (agosto a marco) apresentou 83,3% das especies floridas (N=15). No semestre seco, as plantas floridas variaram entre 5% e 50% ate agosto; em setembro nao houve floracao. As especies melitofilas encontradas sao predominantemente hermafroditas (56%), mas, especies dioicas (22%) e monoicas (17%) tambem estao presentes. As flores melitofilas encontradas oferecem polen/nectar (50%), polen (39%), polen/oleo (6%) ou polen/resina (5%) como recurso floral. A maioria das plantas estudadas tem floracao anual (89%). A maior parte destas especies anuais e as duas plantas subanuais (11%) tem floracao macica com flores organizad...
O Rio Grande do Sul figura como o principal produtor de uvas do Brasil, com area cultivada de 36.668 ha, respondendo por aproximadamente 95% do total de uvas processadas no pais. Em 2003 foram produzidos no Rio Grande do Sul cerca de 380... more
O Rio Grande do Sul figura como o principal produtor de uvas do Brasil, com area cultivada de 36.668 ha, respondendo por aproximadamente 95% do total de uvas processadas no pais. Em 2003 foram produzidos no Rio Grande do Sul cerca de 380 milhoes de quilos de uva e 232 milhoes de litros de vinhos e derivados (UVIBRA, 2004). O alto investimento no setor da vitivinicultura requer praticas de manejo que venham assegurar a sanidade dos pomares, reduzir custos, garantir produtos de boa qualidade, alem de promover a sustentabilidade do sistema. Diversas sao as doencas e pragas que estao relacionadas com a cultura da videira ocasionando prejuizos significativos, entre elas a traca dos cachos Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) (Botton et. al., 2004). Cryptoblabes gnidiella, e um microlepidoptero cujas mariposas possuem cerca de 10 mm de comprimento e 22 mm de envergadura, com coloracao predominantemente cinza. As lagartas tem coloracao castanho, quando completamente desenvolvidas, atingem cerca de 10 mm de comprimento. Os adultos tem habitos crepusculares e noturnos, mostrando-se pouco ativos durante o dia. As femeas colocam em media 25 ovos, de forma isolada nos peciolos das folhas e na superficie dos frutos (Botton et. al., 2004). Em condicoes de laboratorio a uma temperatura media de 25oC o estagio larval tem duracao de 14-16 dias. O periodo pupal dura, em media, entre 8 e 10 dias (SWAILEM et. al., 1972). Em videiras, as lagartas alojam-se no interior das bagas, raspando a casca do engaco, causando o murchamento e, consequente queda das uvas, provocam lesoes nos
Encounters between flowers and invertebrates are key events for the functioning of tropical forests. Assessing the structure of networks composed of the interactions between those partners leads to a better understanding of ecosystem... more
Encounters between flowers and invertebrates are key events for the functioning of tropical forests. Assessing the structure of networks composed of the interactions between those partners leads to a better understanding of ecosystem functioning and the effects of environmental factors on ecological processes. Gathering such data is, however, costly and time‐consuming, especially in the highly diverse tropics. We aimed to provide a comprehensive repository of available flower–invertebrate interaction information for the Atlantic Forest, a South American tropical forest domain. Data were obtained from published works and “gray literature,” such as theses and dissertations, as well as self‐reports by co‐authors. The data set has ~18,000 interaction records forming 482 networks, each containing between one and 1061 interaction links. Each network was sampled for about 200 h or less, with few exceptions. A total of 641 plant genera within 136 different families and 39 orders were report...
Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a abundância das subfamilias de Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) na mata mesofila da Fazenda Canchim, localizada no Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuaria do Sudeste/Embrapa. Foram obtidos 1015 exemplares... more
Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a abundância das subfamilias de Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) na mata mesofila da Fazenda Canchim, localizada no Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuaria do Sudeste/Embrapa. Foram obtidos 1015 exemplares pertencentes a 18 subfamilias: Phygadeuontinae (41,0%), Orthocentrinae (21,0%), Ichneumoninae (6,4%), Cremastinae (6,4%), Campopleginae (5,6%), Pimplinae (4,6%), e, Anomaloninae, Banchinae, Ctenopelmatinae, Eucerotinae, Labeninae, Lycorininae, Mesochorinae, Metopiinae, Poemeniinae, Tersilochinae, Tryphoninae e Xoridinae, variando entre 0,1 e 5,0%. As maiores ocorrencias estiveram, provavelmente, associadas a combinacao da abundância de hospedeiros utilizados, a estrategia de desenvolvimento e a ocupacao de nichos diferenciados.
ABSTRACT
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(Mellitophilous species from restinga area in Paulo César Vinha State Park, Espirito Santo). Tropical coastal vegetation (restinga) areas at Espírito Santo State are places of great diversity of plant species, but lack of studies,... more
(Mellitophilous species from restinga area in Paulo César Vinha State Park, Espirito Santo). Tropical coastal vegetation (restinga) areas at Espírito Santo State are places of great diversity of plant species, but lack of studies, particularly those related to ecological interactions. For 14 months, 18 melittophilous species in 13 families were recorded and studied in Paulo César Vinha State Park (PEPCV). 83.3% of studied species (N=15) blossomed in rainy period (August to March), while in the dry period (April to September) the amount of flowering species ranged from 5% (N=1) to 56% (N=10) until August; in September there were no blooming. Melittophilous species are predominantly hermaphroditic (56%), but dioecious (22%) and monoecious (17%) species are also present. Melittophilous flowers offer pollen/nectar (50%), pollen (39%), pollen/oil (6%) or pollen/resin (5%) as floral resources. Most of mellithophilous plants have annual blooming (89%). Most of these annual species and two sub-annual plants (11%) have massive bloom with flowers arranged in inflorescences (83%). Chamaecrista species (17%) exhibited annual extended flowering and were very important to bee population maintenance because they provide floral resource through the year.
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... Dori E. Nava a d , José RP Parra a , Valmir A. Costa b , Tânia M. Guerra c , and Fernando L. Cônsoli a. a Depto. de Entomologia, Fitopatologia e Zoologia Agrícola, ESALQ/USP, Caixa Postal 9, 13418-900, Brazil. ... Brasil 22:417–419.... more
... Dori E. Nava a d , José RP Parra a , Valmir A. Costa b , Tânia M. Guerra c , and Fernando L. Cônsoli a. a Depto. de Entomologia, Fitopatologia e Zoologia Agrícola, ESALQ/USP, Caixa Postal 9, 13418-900, Brazil. ... Brasil 22:417–419. Hohmann, CL, WJ Santos, and AM Meneguim. ...
In our study on Vriesea philippocoburgii Wawra pollination, due to the small proportion of flowers in anthesis on a single day and the damage caused to inflorescences when netting directly on flowers, we used the direct sampling technique... more
In our study on Vriesea philippocoburgii Wawra pollination, due to the small proportion of flowers in anthesis on a single day and the damage caused to inflorescences when netting directly on flowers, we used the direct sampling technique (DST) of bees on flowers. This technique was applied to 40 flowering plants and resulted in the capture of 160 specimens, belonging to nine genera of Apoidea and separated into 19 morph species. As DST maintains the integrity of flowers for later Bees’ visits, it can enhance the survey’s performance, constituting an alternative methodology for the collection of bees visiting flowering plants.
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The first checklist of genera of Hymenoptera from Espírito Santo state, Brazil is presented. A total of 973 genera of Hymenoptera is listed, of which 555 (57%) are recorded for the first time from this state. Ichneumonoidea and... more
The first checklist of genera of Hymenoptera from Espírito Santo state, Brazil is presented. A total of 973 genera of Hymenoptera is listed, of which 555 (57%) are recorded for the first time from this state. Ichneumonoidea and Chalcidoidea are the two superfamilies with the most genera, 241 and 203 respectively. Braconidae, with 141 genera, are the richest family.
The aim of this paper is to verify the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) subfamily abundance in São Carlos mesophytic forest - São Paulo, Brazil. Two types of traps were used: Malaise modified trap and yellow pan trap. Captured individuals... more
The aim of this paper is to verify the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) subfamily abundance in São Carlos mesophytic forest - São Paulo, Brazil. Two types of traps
were used: Malaise modified trap and yellow pan trap. Captured individuals belonged to 18 subfamilies: Phygadeuontinae (41%), Orthocentrinae (21%), Ichneumoninae (6.4%), Cremastinae (6.4%), Campopleginae (5.6%), Pimplinae (4.6%), and Anomaloninae, Banchinae, Ctenopelmatinae, Tersilochinae, Tryphoninae and Xoridinae (0.1 to 5.0%). After one year of sampling 1015 specimens were captured. Higher occurences were found as a combination of host abundance, developmental strategy and niche occupation.
Bitter melon is a monoecious and ruderal species of economic interest. The knowledge of its reproductive mechanisms is important for its conservation and management. The species floral biology, reproductive phenology, pollination, and... more
Bitter melon is a monoecious and ruderal species of economic interest. The knowledge of its reproductive mechanisms is important for its conservation and management. The species floral biology, reproductive phenology, pollination, and breeding system were studied. The species has diclinous flowers, with diurnal anthesis. The period of flowering lasted around 100 days and its peak occurred in October. In the beginning of the flowering the species presents dicogamy of the protandry type. The female flowers do not produce nectar, while the male flowers produce nectar during the entire period of anthesis. There was identified a mimicry of the male flowers by the female flowers. Fruit formation occurred through crossed-pollination and self-pollination. The number of seeds in the fruits did not differ (H = 1.13; P > 0.05) among the type of pollination. The relation seed/egg was in the order of 80%. All floral visitors collected and observed on the flowers belong to the class Insecta. Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) was the most abundant species (40%) and the main pollinator of Momordica charantia in the study area. Other insects, however, as bees (Apoidea) and butterflies (Hesperiidae and Pieridae), were also observed in the flowers and can contribute as pollinators.
The goals of this study were to know the parasitoid guild associated to pupae of Methona themisto (Hübner, 1818), evaluate the relative abundance of each species of parasitoid and the effect of parasitism on the host mortality. A total of... more
The goals of this study were to know the parasitoid guild associated to pupae of Methona themisto (Hübner, 1818), evaluate the relative abundance of each species of parasitoid and the effect of parasitism on the host mortality. A total of 160 pupae of M. themisto were collected, 80 in October 2001 and 80 in October 2002. They were maintained at 25 ± 2,0ºC and photophase of 14 hours, daily observed until parasitoid or butterfly emergence. Five parasitoid species were obtained from M. themisto pupae: Brachymeria annulata (Fabricius, 1793), B. mnestor (Walker, 1841) (Chalcididae), Neotheronia sp. (Ichneumonidae), Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle, 1993, and Tetrastichus sp. (Eulophidae). Only the genera Brachymeria and Neotheronia occurred in both years of the study, the former was more abundant in 2001 and the latter in 2002. The other species of parasitoids occurred only in the second year of the study. These are the first records of B. annulata, B. mnestor, Neotheronia sp. and P. elaeisis as parasitoids of M. themisto.
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