- Psychologistedit
Se efectuó un muestreo aleatorio representativo de 2 935 usuarios que desertaron de programas de intervención breve para el consumo de sustancias adictivas en instituciones públicas en México (cuadro 1): 1) Intervención breve para... more
Se efectuó un muestreo aleatorio representativo de 2 935 usuarios que desertaron de programas de intervención breve para el consumo de sustancias adictivas en instituciones públicas en México (cuadro 1): 1) Intervención breve para bebedores problema; 2) Programa de intervención breve para adolescentes; 3) Tratamiento breve para usuarios de cocaína; 4) Intervención breve para usuarios de marihuana; 5) Programa de prevención de recaídas; 6) Programa de satisfactores cotidianos; 7) Intervención breve motivacional para fumadores. El promedio de edad de los participan tes fue de veintitrés años. Es de destacar que la mayoría (47%) posee un nivel educativo de secundaria, 75% de sexo masculino, 70.3% predominante solteros y 47.8% tenían como actividad principal el estudio. Asimismo, 46.1% de los participantes se encontraban en el Programa de intervención breve para adolescentes, seguido por el de Intervención breve para bebedores problema con 17.5%; el que tenía el menor número era el de Tratamiento breve para usuarios de cocaína, con 3.5% de usuarios
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The COVID-19 pandemic may have increased interpersonal and intimate violence, harmful use of alcohol and other drugs (AOD), and mental health problems. The present study uses a valid path model to describe relationships between these... more
The COVID-19 pandemic may have increased interpersonal and intimate violence, harmful use of alcohol and other drugs (AOD), and mental health problems. The present study uses a valid path model to describe relationships between these conditions of young Mexicans during the second year of the pandemic. A sample of 7,420 young Mexicans ages 18 to 24—two-thirds of whom were women—completed the Life Events Checklist, the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, the Major-Depressive-Episode Checklist, the Generalized Anxiety Scale, and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist. Young Mexicans reported higher rates of victimization and perpetration of interpersonal and intimate violence and mental health symptomatology than those noted pre-pandemic and in the first year of the pandemic. Harmful use of AOD rates were like those reported by adolescents before. Findings suggested asymmetric victimization and perpetration of intimate violence by gender (with women ...
Research Interests:
Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with mental health symptoms. Objective: to screen mental health symptoms by validating the factor structure of the screening test related to sociodemographic variables during the COVID-19... more
Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with mental health symptoms. Objective: to screen mental health symptoms by validating the factor structure of the screening test related to sociodemographic variables during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: we worked with 36,811 Mexican (M = 34 years; SD = 11.68), 61.8% (22,743) women, 15.3% (5,643) losing loved ones, 12.7% (4,683) having a COVID-19 condition, and 8.22% (3,027) sought remote psychological care. We required participants to answer the Posttraumatic Stress Checklist (PCL-C), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), Goldberg’s Generalized Anxiety Questionnaire, Health Anxiety, and Somatization tests in a WebApp. Results: the Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated good factor structures and measurement invariances of the scales because of participants´ sociodemographic characteristics and their structural equation model. Discussion: therefore, Women showed re-experimentation, numbing, anxiety, and somatization symptoms. Grievin...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
BackgroundMental health is defined by the World Health Organization as a state of wellbeing in which people are aware of their own abilities to cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and contribute to... more
BackgroundMental health is defined by the World Health Organization as a state of wellbeing in which people are aware of their own abilities to cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and contribute to their community. Among the minority groups that may be vulnerable to experiencing greater risks for their physical and mental health and full development is the migrant population. The mobile population's migration experience, from their place of origin to destination translates into psychosocial problems and clearly stressful conditions which could be resolved using certain coping strategies. Accordingly, numerous epidemiological studies have found differences in the prevalence of mental health problems between migrants and native-born residents of destination countries, as well as between migrants and their non-migrant co-nationals.PurposeTo describe sociodemographic characteristics of the Latino migrant population in the United States who visite...
Research Interests:
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the measurement of invariance by sex, age, and educational level of an online version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale in a five-item version (GAD-5). Configural, metric,... more
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the measurement of invariance by sex, age, and educational level of an online version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale in a five-item version (GAD-5). Configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance were evaluated using data from 79,473 respondents who answered a mental health questionnaire during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. The sex variable was classified as male or female; age was categorized as minors, youth, young adults, adults, and older adults; and educational level was divided into basic, upper secondary, higher, and graduate education. To test for configural invariance, confirmatory factor models were constructed. For metric invariance, equality restrictions were established for the factor loadings between the construct and its items; for scalar invariance, equality restrictions were established between the intercepts; strict variance implied the additional restriction of the residuals. Statistical analysis...
Research Interests:
Worldwide, three out of four of the general population have reported experiencing violence. Governments should address solutions to violence and its effects on mental health. The study aimed to determine depressive, anxious, and... more
Worldwide, three out of four of the general population have reported experiencing violence. Governments should address solutions to violence and its effects on mental health. The study aimed to determine depressive, anxious, and posttraumatic stress symptoms related to the violence experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population. The study was conducted with 18,449 Mexicans of 33 years (SD = 11.00, range = 18–59), with 12,188 (66.10%) being women, 3559 (19.29%) having COVID-19, 2706 (14.67%) seeking psychological care, and 5712 (30.96%) experiencing violence. Subjects completed the Major Depressive Episode (MDE) Checklist, Generalized Anxiety (GA) Scale, and the Posttraumatic Stress (PTS) Checklists (PCL-5) programmed in a WebApp application. We assessed the dimensionality of the scales through the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the measurement invariance, and a structural equation model (SEM). In the total sample, 28.10% fulfilled the MDE criteria, and 42.30...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Background: The Physician Well-Being Index (PWBI) is a brief, valid, reliable self-assessment instrument to identify health professionals’ distress and those in need of an intervention. Objective: to evaluate the construct, predictive... more
Background: The Physician Well-Being Index (PWBI) is a brief, valid, reliable self-assessment instrument to identify health professionals’ distress and those in need of an intervention. Objective: to evaluate the construct, predictive validity (of depression, suicidal ideation, insomnia, and generalized anxiety), and internal consistency of the 7-item Spanish version of the PWBI (PWBI-S). Methods: out of a national population of approximately 1 million Mexican healthcare professionals, a sample of 3506 subjects (42.0% physicians, 28.7% nurses and 29.3% psychologists) completed an online survey between 17 April and 7 May 2020, at the time of the COVID-19 case cluster transmission scenario in Mexico. Results: In the three sub-samples, PWBI-S’s Confirmatory factor analyses (adding residual covariances) exhibited adequate goodness of fit indices for the PWBS original unidimensional model. Overall Cronbach’s alphas were 0.89 for physicians, 0.90 for nurses, and 0.86 for psychologists. Un...
Research Interests:
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has created a public mental health crisis. Brief, valid electronic tools are required to evaluate mental health status, identify specific risk factors, and offer treatment when needed.ObjectiveTo determine... more
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has created a public mental health crisis. Brief, valid electronic tools are required to evaluate mental health status, identify specific risk factors, and offer treatment when needed.ObjectiveTo determine the construct validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of a brief screening tool for mental health symptoms by sex, loss of loved ones, personal COVID-19 status, and psychological care-seeking during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the aim involved establishing a predictive pattern between the mental health variables.MethodA total sample of 27,320 Mexican participants, with a mean age of 32 years (SD = 12.24, range = 18–80), 67% women (n = 18,308), 23.10% with a loss of loved ones (n = 6,308), 18.3% with COVID-19 status (n = 5,005), and 18.40% seeking psychological care (n = 5,026), completed a questionnaire through a WebApp, containing socio-demographic data (sex, loss of loved ones, COVID-19 status, and psychological care-seeking) and...
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Psychology and Humanities
Introducción: en las últimas décadas, se ha observado en los adolescentes mexicanos un incremento en la cantidad y frecuencia del consumo de alcohol y drogas ilícitas; los programas de intervención breve han demostrado ser eficaces para... more
Introducción: en las últimas décadas, se ha observado en los adolescentes mexicanos un incremento en la cantidad y frecuencia del consumo de alcohol y drogas ilícitas; los programas de intervención breve han demostrado ser eficaces para reducir el consumo y abuso de sustancias en diversas poblaciones. Objetivo: determinar la eficacia del Programa de Intervención Breve para Adolescentes que Inician el Consumo Abusivo de Alcohol y otras Drogas (PIBA), así como el mantenimiento del cambio en los jóvenes que asistieron. Metodo: se utilizó un diseño de medidas repetidas, no probabilístico y sin grupo control. En el seguimiento participaron 60 usuarios consumidores de sustancias de entre 16 y 20 años de edad, de ambos sexos, habitantes de la Ciudad de México. Resultados: al comparar la preintervención vs. el seguimiento, se encontró que los adolescentes que participaron en el PIBA mantuvieron una reducción en su patrón de consumo (cantidad, frecuencia y tiempo de abstinencia) de alcohol, ...
Research Interests: Humanities and Medicine
Background: The health crisis associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is causally linked to negative mental health symptoms in the same way as other diseases such as Ebola.Objective: The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationship... more
Background: The health crisis associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is causally linked to negative mental health symptoms in the same way as other diseases such as Ebola.Objective: The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationship between mental health symptoms, binge drinking, and the experience of abuse during the COVID-19 lockdown.Method: We surveyed 9,361 participants, all Mexican, with an average age of 33 years old (SD = 10.86). In this group of people, we found out that 59% were single (5,523), 71% were women (6,693). Forty-six percentage were complying with lockdown procedures (4,286), 50% were partially complying (4,682), and 4% were not complying at all (393). The invitation to participate was open from April 24th to April 30th during the second stage of the pandemic in Mexico, in 2020, characterized by voluntary complete lockdown staying at home. Thus, we used a cross-sectional online survey design to assess mental health risk factors related to the COVID-19 pande...
Research Interests:
ResumenSe analizo la resistencia al cambio de una conducta academica en ninos. La conduc-ta de resolver sumas de un digito se reforzo con la entrega de fichas que posterior-mente se intercambiaron por comida o juguetes. Se empleo un... more
ResumenSe analizo la resistencia al cambio de una conducta academica en ninos. La conduc-ta de resolver sumas de un digito se reforzo con la entrega de fichas que posterior-mente se intercambiaron por comida o juguetes. Se empleo un diseno ABAC, en el cual B y C consistieron en las pruebas de resistencia al cambio: extincion y entrega de fichas antes de la sesion, respectivamente. En todas las condiciones, estuvo vigen-te un programa multiple de tres componentes, senalados diferencialmente por el color de las hojas con las sumas. Durante los componentes, estuvo en efecto uno de tres programas concurrentes: extincion-intervalo variable 15 segundos, extincion-intervalo variable 60 segundos o intervalo variable 20 segundos-intervalo variable 60 segundos. Se coloco una hoja con sumas a cada lado del participante y cada lado se asocio con el programa de extincion o de intervalo variable descrito. Las tasas de respuestas mas bajas, y con la mayor resistencia al cambio se observaron en la ...
Research Interests: Psychology and Physics
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Introduction. Substance use is one of the factors associated with lower condom use in young adults, which increases the likelihood of HIV infection. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one of the most useful models for explaining this... more
Introduction. Substance use is one of the factors associated with lower condom use in young adults, which increases the likelihood of HIV infection. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one of the most useful models for explaining this phenomenon since it considers the aim of engaging in a behavior based on attitudes, subjective norms and self-efficacy. Objective. To develop a questionnaire and to evaluate the Differential Item Functioning (DIF) caused by substance use in TPB indicators, using the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes Analysis (MIMIC). Method. The study was conducted in two phases with Mexico City college students age 18 to 25. Results. Adequate goodness of fit was obtained in all three models of the TPB: attitudes χ2S-B(2) = 3.902, p < .001; CFIs = .999; TLIs = .996; RMSEAs = .037, 90% CI ≤ .001-.095; subjective norms χ2S-B(7) = 9.103, p < 0.245; CFIs = .999; TLIs = .998; RMSEAs = .022, 90% CI ≤ .001-.056; and self-efficacy χ2S-B(25) = 65.115, p < .001; C...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
El entrenamiento conductual a padres promueve la adquisición de habilidades de crianza para la reducción de problemas de conducta infantil. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el aprendizaje y mantenimiento de las habilidades de... more
El entrenamiento conductual a padres promueve la adquisición de habilidades de crianza para la reducción de problemas de conducta infantil. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el aprendizaje y mantenimiento de las habilidades de crianza y reducción de la conducta infantil, reportada por los padres, en función del entrenamiento conductual y el uso de sus mensajes de texto. Se trabajó con 62 padres de familia con un promedio de 40 años de edad. El promedio de edad de los niños fue de 9 años. Se trabajó con un diseño cuasi experimental con un grupo de comparación: presencial contra presencial con mensajes de texto, donde se llevaron a cabo cuatro fases: evaluación al inicio, al final del entrenamiento, al seguimiento (sesiones de 60 minutos) y entrenamiento conductual (cuatro sesiones de 120 minutos cada una). Se utilizaron el Inventario de Prácticas de Crianza, el Cuestionario de Habilidades de Manejo Conductual Infantil y el Inventario de Conducta Infantil. En la condición de com...
Research Interests: Psychology and Humanities
Existe una gran necesidad de que las personas que consumen sustancias sean atendidas mediante programas con efectividad empirica, lo que implica la capacitacion de terapeutas en dichos programas. La educacion en linea ha mostrado que... more
Existe una gran necesidad de que las personas que consumen sustancias sean atendidas mediante programas con efectividad empirica, lo que implica la capacitacion de terapeutas en dichos programas. La educacion en linea ha mostrado que puede ser una opcion viable y costo eficiente para la trasferencia tecnologica y por esto la UNAM realizo una Especializacion en linea en adicciones, incluyendo en uno de sus modulos el programa de intervencion breve para adolescentes que inician el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas (PIBA) (Martinez, Salazar, Ruiz, Barrientos y Ayala, 2005, 2009, 2012), que es un programa de eficacia comprobada. Este trabajo analiza la evaluacion del proceso de capacitacion de los profesionales de la salud en dicho modulo para probar la eficacia de la plataforma para realizar la transferencia tecnologica del programa PIBA. El uso de la plataforma en linea resulto adecuado para la capacitacion, demostrando que la educacion en linea es una solucion viable y pertinente qu...
Research Interests:
Introduction: The present study analyzes the main barriers and adaptations to brief interventions that focus on addictive behavior treatments carried out in clinical settings by 756 health professionals during their adoption process in... more
Introduction: The present study analyzes the main barriers and adaptations to brief interventions that focus on addictive behavior treatments carried out in clinical settings by 756 health professionals during their adoption process in 350 Primary Attention Units in Mexico. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and consisted in the application of an instrument that explored diverse aspects, such as knowledge about evidence based brief intervention (BI) programs, barriers during the execution, and adaptations of the BI. Results: the main barriers were related to the implementation of sessions and the user’s characteristics such as educational level. As a consequence, the main adaptations were related to the increase in the number of sessions, modifying their length and changing the sequence as well as the proposed material in the manuals. Conclusions: We discuss the possibility of systematizing the adaptations made by health professionals in order to evaluate thei...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Psychology and Humanities
Research Interests: Psychology and Humanities
El objetivo del trabajo fue describir el nivel de riesgo a la salud mental en función de las condiciones socioeconómicas y las relacionadas con la pandemia por COVID19. Se trabajó con 15,335 personas mexicanas, (M= 26 años, DE=11.95), 52%... more
El objetivo del trabajo fue describir el nivel de riesgo a la salud mental en función de las condiciones socioeconómicas y las relacionadas con la pandemia por COVID19. Se trabajó con 15,335 personas mexicanas, (M= 26 años, DE=11.95), 52% solteras (8,001), 60% mujeres (9,175), 44% en cuarentena (6,769). Se utilizó un estudio correlacional causal exposfacto utilizando la WebApp para la detección de riesgos a la Salud Mental COVID19 (Alfa de Cronbach de 0.96; varianza explicada del 62%) programado con Linux®, PHP®, HTML®, CSS®, y JavaScript®; constituido por: 1) condición por COVID-19, 2) condición socioeconómica, 3) salud mental, y 4) uso de drogas y violencia. Las variables latentes se derivan de 104 iteraciones con 102 parámetros (t[496] = 387077.84, p=.000), un CFI = 0.932, un TLI = 0.920, un RMSEA = 0.064 (0.063 – 0.064) y un SRMR = 0.047. Los resultados indicaron que la evitación predijo estrés agudo, este la ansiedad de salud; ésta la ansiedad generalizada/tristeza, somatizació...
Research Interests:
El uso de casos simulados se ha convertido en una importante estrategia de evaluación de habilidades de profesionales de la salud en el contexto de entrenamiento en psicología clínica e investigación, facilitando la práctica y... more
El uso de casos simulados se ha convertido en una importante estrategia de evaluación de habilidades de profesionales de la salud en el contexto de entrenamiento en psicología clínica e investigación, facilitando la práctica y retroalimentación oportuna en un ambiente controlado, reduciendo potenciales problemas éticos. El propósito del estudio fue desarrollar y estandarizar un caso simulado como estrategia de evaluación conductual de competencias en profesionales de la salud en adicciones que implementan intervenciones breves. Se entrenaron seis confederados en la aplicación del caso simulado a través de un guion estandarizado representativo de un caso típico de consumo de alcohol, instrucción verbal, modelamiento, ensayos conductuales y retroalimentación durante 32 ensayos. Posteriormente, los confederados implementaron el caso simulado con ocho profesionales de la salud en formación en cuatro momentos de evaluación y la ejecución conductual de los participantes fue evaluada media...
Research Interests:
In delay discounting tasks, the rate of discounting monetary rewards is greater for individuals who use drugs than for control participants. This result has been observed in individuals who use a particular drug (mono-consumers). In this... more
In delay discounting tasks, the rate of discounting monetary rewards is greater for individuals who use drugs than for control participants. This result has been observed in individuals who use a particular drug (mono-consumers). In this study we examined delay discounting of hypothetical money rewards and losses by 102 men: 38 cocaine-dependent individuals (mono-consumers), 34 cocaine-dependent individuals who also abused a second drug (poly-consumers) and 30 non-drug-using matched controls. All participants were offered choices between hypothetical monetary rewards ($50$200) available immediately and larger rewards ($200-$3,000) available after delays ranging from one week to three years. Participants were also offered choices between an immediate hypothetical money loss ($750$1,500) and a money loss (up to $1,500) after the varying delays. Results showed that the rate of monetary reward discounting was generally greater for mono-consumers and poly-consumers than for control parti...
Research Interests:
Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el cambio de conducta de los padres y de la conducta infantil a partir de su participación en un programa de prácticas de crianza. 128 padres de ocho instituciones de salud pública en México... more
Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el cambio de conducta de los padres y de la conducta infantil a partir de su participación en un programa de prácticas de crianza. 128 padres de ocho instituciones de salud pública en México fueron evaluados con autoinformes sobre su conducta y la de sus hijos, y se usó un sistema de observación directa para valorar la utilización de las prácticas de crianza y el comportamiento de los padres. Se utilizó un diseño factorial de 2 (evaluación antes y después) por 2 (por grupo con utilización baja y media). Se encontró que las conductas de los padres que cambian en función de una mayor utilización de los procedimientos generales de prácticas de crianza son el elogio, la interacción social y el seguimiento de instrucciones y el informe de menor uso de castigo, mayor uso de la técnica de ignorar, solucionar problemas, establecer reglas e interacción social-académica. Estudios adicionales deberán confirmar el proceso de adopción comprometido con los procedimientos de crianza positiva en la reducción del comportamiento problemático infantil. PALABRAS CLAVE: prácticas de crianza, conducta paterna, conducta infantil. Abstract The goal of the study was to assess parents and children behavior on the basis of their participation in a raising practices program. 128 parents from 8 public health institutions in Mexico were assessed with self-reports about their behaviors and their children&#39;s, and a direct observational system was used to determine the use of raising practices and parents behaviors. A factorial design of two (before and after assessment) by two (low and middle use) was used. The results suggest that the parental behaviors that change in function of higher use of the child raising practices are praising, social interaction and following instructions; and the report of lower use of punishment, more use of the ignoring technique, problem solving, establishment of rules and academic social interaction. Additional studies should confirm the engaged adoption process associated with child raising practices and the reduction of problematic behavior in children. KEY WORDS: raising practices, parental behavior, and children behavior.
Research Interests:
The goal of this paper is to comment and support the philosophical contribution of the original author (Santoyo, 2012) about the importance of the translational research as a fountain of knowledge for developmental and behavioral... more
The goal of this paper is to comment and support the philosophical contribution of the original author (Santoyo, 2012) about the importance of the translational research as a fountain of knowledge for developmental and behavioral sciences. Specifically, I underline the relevant proposals considered with greater motivational function to enrich and create ways of action by the health professional, particularly by the psychologist dedicated to the social solutions as a translational researcher. I stand out the contributions, where there is both few literature and few historical efforts on the translational research field, appreciating the underlying work done by the author of the original paper and making emphasis on their promotion.
Research Interests:
Introduction: several studies have shown that individuals with dependence on psychoactive drugs show a steeply delay discounting with monetary rewards in contrast to non-consumers. This finding is clinically useful as a behavioral trait... more
Introduction: several studies have shown that individuals with dependence on psychoactive drugs show a steeply delay discounting with monetary rewards in contrast to non-consumers. This finding is clinically useful as a behavioral trait likely to be modified by psychological treatments. Objective: this study evaluated changes pre-post measures of delay and probability discounting, somatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, psychosis and self-efficacy in participants with crack use disorder severe who received one of two types of psychological treatment. Method: we worked with ninety two participants, 31 for each treatment and 30 in the control group. We evaluated the three groups so pre-post, the post was held after 40 days for the three groups, and during that time the cocaine users received one of the two forms of treatments, except control who only received post evaluation. Results: the results showed that the pre-post evaluation with probability and delay discounting procedures did ...
Research Interests:
Ciertas prácticas de crianza se asocian con los problemas severos de conducta infantil. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la relación entre las prácticas de crianza y el reporte de los distintos problemas severos de conducta en niños.... more
Ciertas prácticas de crianza se asocian con los problemas severos de conducta infantil. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la relación entre las prácticas de crianza y el reporte de los distintos problemas severos de conducta en niños. Participaron 466 padres de 37 años de edad, distribuidos en cinco grupos: 1) con niños sin problemas de conducta, 2) con oposición y desafío, 3) oposición-agresión, 4) oposición-agresión-inatención-hiperactividad, y 5) oposición-inatención-hiperactividad. Se utilizaron el Inventario de Prácticas de Crianza, el Cuestionario de Parentalidad de Alabama y el Inventario de Conducta Infantil. A través de un análisis multivariado y otro de ecuaciones estructurales se obtuvo un ajuste de los datos con una X2(1711) = 10190,41; p = 0.000, un CFI = 0,89, un RMSEA = 0,044 y un SRMR = 0,075. El 56% de los padres reportaron problemas severos de conducta infantil. La conducta agresiva parece jugar un papel en la asociación de las prácticas negativas (castigo corpor...
Research Interests:
Introducción: Los altos índices de deserción y recaídas son un reto en la implementación de intervenciones en adicciones. El nivel en que los terapeutas implementan procedimientos y promueven el egreso exitoso del usuario ha sido poco... more
Introducción: Los altos índices de deserción y recaídas son un reto en la implementación de intervenciones en adicciones. El nivel en que los terapeutas implementan procedimientos y promueven el egreso exitoso del usuario ha sido poco explorado. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre la conclusión de la intervención y el nivel de implementación de procedimientos conductuales a través de la observación del terapeuta en interacción con el usuario en escenarios naturales. Metodología: Participaron 109 terapeutas y 270 usuarios con nivel de abuso de alcohol, marihuana o cocaína. Se diseñó la Lista Cotejable del Nivel de Implementación de Intervenciones Breves en Adicciones que identifica el porcentaje de implementación de procedimientos. Los terapeutas implementaron la intervención y las sesiones fueron video-grabadas previa firma de consentimiento informado. Un asesor observó y retroalimentó la ejecución del terapeuta en cada sesión vía correo electrónico. Resultados: La implementación de...
Research Interests:
Introduction: the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic promote mental health risks. Objective: the goal of the study was to assess the risk of developing mental health conditions as a result of COVID-19 situations: containment, symptoms or... more
Introduction: the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic promote mental health risks. Objective: the goal of the study was to assess the risk of developing mental health conditions as a result of COVID-19 situations: containment, symptoms or COVID-19 suspected, death of near people, use of alcohol, and violence. Method: it participated 8,348 Mexican, with a mean of 25 years old (SD =11.24), 50% single (4,133), 69% women (5,720), 47% in quarantine (3,948), 50% partially in quarantine (4,193), and 3% that they were not in quarantine (207). The kind proposed was a predictive correlational study using the WebApp application of the Questionnaire of Mental Health Screening in COVID-19 (Alpha= 0.96; 64 of explained variance) programed by Linux®, PHP ®, HTML®, CSS ®, and JavaScript®). Latent variables derivate of 124 iterations with 103 parameters (t[496] = 201,464, p=.000), a CFI = 0.921, a TLI = 0.908, a RMSEA = 0.067 (0.066 – 0.068), and a SRMR = 0.051. Results: results showed that avoidanc...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Introduction. Adolescents who use drugs present several health problems, including criminal behavior. The Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) is a test that evaluates current conduct disorders in adolescents. Objective. This... more
Introduction. Adolescents who use drugs present several health problems, including criminal behavior. The Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) is a test that evaluates current conduct disorders in adolescents. Objective. This research carried out a cross-cultural adaptation of the APSD on Mexican population. Method. The original version of the APSD was translated into Mexican Spanish. The final version was administered to 1 070 adolescents (958 students, 72 with minor faults, and 40 with criminal behavior) who completed the APSD and the ENCODE, the National survey on drug use. We computed correlations and regression models between APSD and ENCODE. We carried out a multivariate analysis to compare samples and quantity of drugs. Finally, we fitted the two-and three-factor models of the APSD with a CFA. Results. The APSD scores correlated significantly with all of the ENCODE variables. In the multivariate analysis, the variable quantity of drugs was significant to rise the APSD s...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Introduction: the continuous training and certification of primary healthcare professionals support the implementation of brief interventions to address drug use. Objective: our objective was to validate the training materials of the... more
Introduction: the continuous training and certification of primary healthcare professionals support the implementation of brief interventions to address drug use. Objective: our objective was to validate the training materials of the “Universal Treatment Curriculum for Health Professionals” by assessing the knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Method: we worked with 823 health professionals (137 from Argentina, 59 from Colombia, 86 from El Salvador, 398 from Mexico and 143 from Uruguay), regarding the utilization of brief intervention, according to the training modality in which they participated (272 face-to-face, 125 mixed, and 426 online). We applied a written knowledge evaluation, behavioral assessment of skills - attitudes, and a Satisfaction Questionnaire. A post-quasi-experimental design was used, with comparison groups to assess knowledge, skills, attitudes (through direct observation) and satisfaction of health professionals. Results: the results of the written evaluation and ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Humanities and Biology
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar conocimientos sobre habilidades para manejar problemas de conducta infantil. Los conocimientos se evaluaron a través de situaciones hipotéticas de crianza, entrevistando a 294 profesionales de diversos... more
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar conocimientos sobre habilidades para manejar problemas de conducta infantil. Los conocimientos se evaluaron a través de situaciones hipotéticas de crianza, entrevistando a 294 profesionales de diversos estados del país, empleando un diseño pre-experimental pre-post. Se empleó un instrumento con 13 situaciones hipotéticas de problemas de conducta infantil en casa, donde se calificaba las respuestas de los participantes sobre las habilidades a emplear por los adultos. Los resultados mostraron que a partir de una capacitación breve hubo un aumento significativo en los conocimientos sobre las habilidades de manejo conductual para las 13 situaciones. Se concluye que el cuestionario de situaciones hipotéticas de crianza fue útil para evaluar el conocimiento sobre habilidades de crianza. Además, los profesionales lograron reportar estrategias para el aumento de conductas pro-sociales, la corrección de conducta inadecuada, el establecimiento de reglas en ...
Research Interests:
En las últimas dos décadas, el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas en México ha mostrado una tendencia al incremento. Es necesario disponer de estrategias en consejo breve para la prevención efectiva de las adicciones, de fácil acceso a la... more
En las últimas dos décadas, el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas en México ha mostrado una tendencia al incremento. Es necesario disponer de estrategias en consejo breve para la prevención efectiva de las adicciones, de fácil acceso a la mayor parte de la población. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar las habilidades de consejo breve de los profesionales y no profesionales de la salud (Identifica, Dialoga, Establece metas y Acompaña ) en situaciones simuladas de interacción promotor - usuario a través de un diseño factorial de 2 por 4: profesionales de la salud versus no profesionales de la salud en una de cuatro condiciones: a) entrenamiento con material, b) entrenamiento sin material, c) con material sin entrenamiento, y d) sin entrenamiento y sin material. Los resultados mostraron que la puntuación promedio y por escala, fue mayor para los profesionales de la salud en cualquiera de las tres condiciones de entrenamiento. Tanto el entrenamiento en habilidades como la dispo...