Oana SĂLIȘTEANU

The frequent comparison between Italian proverbs and set phrases and their correlated units in other national neo-Latin languages (Portuguese, Spanish, French and Romanian) can only evince the existence of a paremiological and phraseological Romance continuum, about whose axes of variation we would like to make some short remarks. Unfortunately, as traditional communities have almost disappeared all over the world, the paremiological treasure of each language is in constant decline. The first part of the paper considers the main formal and semantic structures shared by proverbs and idioms in all five languages which allow us to speak about a Pan-Romance continuum, with some possible “holes” in the Romance proverbs net. One may notice that he realia of Mediterranean lands are certainly very different from those reflected in the isolated Romanian language, and consequently, due to the shared social, Catholic, and geographical context, the proverbs of Western Romània are much more compact and similar, as they have been constantly strengthened by centuries of cultural and linguistic bonds. As far as their clear or obscure messages are concerned, the range spreads from a perfect semantic and formal match (as in pro memoria proverbs) up to a very high level of idiomaticity and therefore of untranslatability. There are at least two major categories of causes which brought to perfect similarity in all Romance languages: borrowed elements and internal evolution (due to the Latin heritage, due to the text of the Holy Scriptures or due to a plausible parallel development). The last part of the paper will point out the elements that do not overlap in this contrastive analysis (equivalent set phrases based on divergent types of metaphors, or diachronically, diatopically, diastratically and diaphasically marked proverbs and sayings of Romània).

espanolLa revision de diez repertorios de paremias lleva a preguntarse por los motivos de la existencia de refranes con similitudes semanticas y formales en todas las lenguas romances. Tomando solo ejemplos de cinco lenguas romances (portugues, espanol, frances, italiano y rumano), hemos identificado tres situaciones principales. La primera, en la que se comprueba una equivalencia plena formal y semantica en todas las lenguas, puede tener dos motivos muy diferentes: una probable evolucion similar gracias a la base latina comun (refranes y proverbios panromances) o la llegada mas reciente de refranes mediante prestamos, traducciones o calcos por via libresca, no popular, lo que lleva al internacionalismo. La segunda reune refranes y proverbios neolatinos con el mismo mensaje, pero formas e imagenes diferentes (variantes nacidas por «sustitucion e irradiacion sinonimica», Lurati). Una tercera clase, bien representada en cada lengua, pertenece a los refranes y proverbios idiomaticos qu...

In seguito alla lettura di dieci dizionari di proverbi italiani e di tredici romeni, si potrebbe notare che la sottigliezza linguistica e il gusto ludico dei due po-poli si rispecchiano anche nelle loro sentenze. Il presente lavoro contrastivo si propone di mettere a confronto prima le strutture formali delle paremie italiane e romene (prosodiche, metriche e sintattiche) e poi di illustrare con abbondanti esempi la presenza di una larga varietà di tropi. Inoltre si cerca di individuare le fonti stilistiche dell'umorismo nei proverbi (l'ironia, la sentenza lapalissiana ecc). Concludiamo con alcune considerazioni su quello che consideriamo le " eccellenze " espressive dei proverbi di ciascuna lingua: da una parte la giocosa inventività del romeno nell'esprimere il favoloso e l'assurdo, e dall'altra parte il gusto dei motti italiani per le enumerazioni, i calembours, i giochi delle polisemie, le parafrasi, le aggiunte scherzose nei proverbi che chiameremo " di seconda generazione ". Parole–chiave: proverbi italiani, proverbi romeni, figure retoriche, umori-smo. Abstract The attentive reading of the most important dictionaries of proverbs (ten for the Italian, thirteen for the Romanian) has lead us to the conclusion that the linguistic exquisiteness and the cheerful perception of life of the two related nations could also be discovered in their proverbs. This paper aims to a contrastive analysis of tens of examples of Italian and Romanian proverbs, both from a formal (syntactic, prosodic) and a stylistic point of view (use of metaphors, comparison, antonyms, paradox etc.). We also