Mizanur Rahman
University Malaysia Sarawak, CMPH, Faculty Member
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Abstract An exploratory survey was conducted to investigate the species composition and existing management system of the homegarden of Manipuri tribal community of Kamalganj upazilla under the district of Moulvibazar, Bangladesh. The... more
Abstract An exploratory survey was conducted to investigate the species composition and existing management system of the homegarden of Manipuri tribal community of Kamalganj upazilla under the district of Moulvibazar, Bangladesh. The study area was selected ...
Page 1. Population Index 59(3):350-386. Fall 1993. AMERICAN FAMILIERS: TRENDS AND CORRELATES Julie DaVanzo and M. Omar Rahman* Abstract: This paper reviews demographic trends in marriage, divorce, fertility ...
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抄録 Dry seeds of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. var. Bay] were irradiated by X-rays (21. 4kR) and the M_2 generations were examined for the oleic acid content in their oil. The genetic variability of oleic acid content in the oil of the... more
抄録 Dry seeds of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. var. Bay] were irradiated by X-rays (21. 4kR) and the M_2 generations were examined for the oleic acid content in their oil. The genetic variability of oleic acid content in the oil of the Bay variety was significantly ...
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Ray J. Butcher Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA ... Mizanur Rahman Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh ... New complexes of general empirical formula, [M(NS)2] á... more
Ray J. Butcher Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA ... Mizanur Rahman Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh ... New complexes of general empirical formula, [M(NS)2] á nCHCl3 (M = NiII, CuII, PdII or ...
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Research Interests: Fertility, Bangladesh, Adolescent, Pregnancy, Humans, and 5 moreFemale, Family Planning, Lancet, Middle Aged, and Adult
2005 Labrecque et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
Research Interests: Family Planning and Asdf
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... By M. RAHMAN,t AH KruN,t and HM SEN GUPTAt [Manuscript received September 7, 1967] ... The value of S is small in all cases whereas I:ll(j does not show any systematic change with target variation (the effect of this parameter is... more
... By M. RAHMAN,t AH KruN,t and HM SEN GUPTAt [Manuscript received September 7, 1967] ... The value of S is small in all cases whereas I:ll(j does not show any systematic change with target variation (the effect of this parameter is small, however; see paper I). 11·0 9·0 f f Fig. ...
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Abstract Most of the existing solid waste disposal sites in Malaysia are practising either open dumping or controlled tipping because the technology of proper sanitary landfill practice is not totally implemented. The environmental... more
Abstract Most of the existing solid waste disposal sites in Malaysia are practising either open dumping or controlled tipping because the technology of proper sanitary landfill practice is not totally implemented. The environmental conditions from these sites are thus expected ...
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The thesis is that vertical fragmentation of product value chain is the driving force of growing economic interdependency in East Asia. It requires all East Asian countries to move towards a currency area arrangement whereby the countries... more
The thesis is that vertical fragmentation of product value chain is the driving force of growing economic interdependency in East Asia. It requires all East Asian countries to move towards a currency area arrangement whereby the countries either share a single currency or have their exchange rates fixed to one another. The proposition of flexible exchange rates is misplaced and against the goal of regional integration in East Asia. It is in this context the following two self-contained essays are examining the effect of a regional exchange rate management on East Asian trade integration. The following paragraphs outline their respective abstracts. The first essay is “The impact of a common currency on East Asian production networks and China’s exports behavior.” The argument is that a common currency, not flexible exchange rates between national currencies, would reduce flexibility in relative prices within East Asia. Its impact would be far greater for exports that have stronger pr...
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ABSTRACT A detailed understanding of the flow behavior inside a High Pressure Homogenizer (HPH) valve has a vital importance in designing and optimizing the systems in terms of energy and performance. A large Eddy simulation (LES) method... more
ABSTRACT A detailed understanding of the flow behavior inside a High Pressure Homogenizer (HPH) valve has a vital importance in designing and optimizing the systems in terms of energy and performance. A large Eddy simulation (LES) method is used in this study to investigate the flow structure in an HPH valve. The current paper utilizes two zero-equation subgrid-scale models; namely the RAST (Rahman-Agarwal-Siikonen-Taghinia) and DSM (dynamic Smagorinsky model). The performance of these two models and their predictions are compared with experimental data available in the literature. Computations dictate that an LES can reproduce the accurate information in terms of main parameters that are necessary in designing and optimizing of the homogenizing process. Comparisons demonstrate that both models are capable of predicting the turbulent-flow structures at the gap exit which are in a good agreement with measurements. However, the RAST model shows a slight superiority over the performance of DSM.
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ABSTRACT: A clinical trial in a field hospital in rural East Pakistan of an orally administered solution used in conjunction with intravenous fluid for the treatment of cholera in adults has demonstrated the efficacy of oral therapy.... more
ABSTRACT: A clinical trial in a field hospital in rural East Pakistan of an orally administered solution used in conjunction with intravenous fluid for the treatment of cholera in adults has demonstrated the efficacy of oral therapy. After initial intravenous rehydration, fluid balance in actively ...
Research Interests: Pakistan, Adolescent, Rural Health, Humans, Glucose, and 10 moreFemale, Male, American, Potassium, Cholera, Dehydration, Adult, Solutions, Sodium Chloride, and The American
In two villages of Bangladesh, 2471 infants born in 1976 and 1977 were followed up for a year to study the impact of environmental sanitation and crowding on their mortality. Neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates in the study cohort... more
In two villages of Bangladesh, 2471 infants born in 1976 and 1977 were followed up for a year to study the impact of environmental sanitation and crowding on their mortality. Neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates in the study cohort were 100 and 75 per 1000 live-births, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done to estimate the effects of the selected risk factors while controlling for some socioeconomic, demographic, and biological characteristics. Risk of postneonatal mortality (PNNM) in the households which did not use latrines was 3 X 12 times (p less than 0.01) higher than in those which did and 1.5 times (p less than 0.05) higher in the households with 10 or more persons than in smaller households. PNNM in the households which did not use tube-wells (hand-pump) water was higher, but not significantly so, than in those which used tube-well water for all purposes. Neonatal mortality was completely unrelated to the environmental factors investigated.
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Serum amyloid A3 (SAA3) is the predominant SAA isoform secreted by mammary epithelial cells in dairy cows; it is also expressed in bovine adipose tissue (AT). The adipokine SAA3 is linked to obesity and insulin resistance of AT and the... more
Serum amyloid A3 (SAA3) is the predominant SAA isoform secreted by mammary epithelial cells in dairy cows; it is also expressed in bovine adipose tissue (AT). The adipokine SAA3 is linked to obesity and insulin resistance of AT and the respective inflammatory response, at least in mice. Dietary treatment with conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) reportedly also affects insulin sensitivity and inflammatory status in monogastrics. Both SAA3 and CLA thus seem to alter similar functions. Based on changes in insulin sensitivity and the inflammatory status throughout lactation, we hypothesized that the mRNA abundance of SAA3 in various tissues might be regulated as well and that CLA could be a modulator of SAA3 mRNA expression. In 2 trials, 21 pluriparous and 25 primiparous Holstein cows were fed 100g/d of a CLA or a control fat supplement from d 1 to 182 or 105 postpartum, respectively. Biopsies from liver and subcutaneous (s.c.) AT from pluriparous cows and samples from 3 different visceral AT and 3 s.c. AT, muscle, mammary gland, and liver tissue from slaughtered primiparous cows were obtained. In an adipocyte cell culture system, cell samples were collected during differentiation of bovine preadipocytes at d 0, 2, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 13 relative to the onset of differentiation. The SAA3 mRNA abundance in tissues and in differentiating bovine preadipocytes was measured by real-time PCR. The presence of the SAA protein was confirmed by Western blotting. Treatment with CLA yielded only few and inconsistent effects on SAA3 mRNA abundance. In both trials, SAA3 mRNA peaked at d 1 postpartum in all tissues except in mesenteric AT, in which the change was not significant. The highest SAA3 mRNA expression was observed in the mammary gland, followed by omental AT. The SAA protein was present in the visceral and s.c. AT depots investigated. Adipocytes as one source of SAA3 were confirmed by the SAA3 mRNA profile in differentiating adipocytes. The longitudinal changes observed point to SAA3 being involved in the inflammatory situation around parturition.
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Simple ligation of the vas with suture material and excision of a small vas segment is believed to be the most common vasectomy occlusion technique performed in low-resource settings. Ligation and excision (LE) is associated with a risk... more
Simple ligation of the vas with suture material and excision of a small vas segment is believed to be the most common vasectomy occlusion technique performed in low-resource settings. Ligation and excision (LE) is associated with a risk of occlusion and contraceptive failure which can be reduced by performing fascial interposition (FI) along with LE. Combining FI with intra luminal thermal cautery could be even more effective. The objective of this study was to determine the surgical vasectomy techniques currently used in five Asian countries and to evaluate the facilitating and limiting factors to introduction and assessment of FI and thermal cautery in these countries. Between December 2003 and February 2004, 3 to 6 major vasectomy centers from Cambodia, Thailand, India, Nepal, and Bangladesh were visited and interviews with 5 to 11 key informants in each country were conducted. Vasectomy techniques performed in each center were observed. Vasectomy techniques using hand-held, batt...
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The effectiveness of commonly suggested public health interventions to control childhood iron-deficiency anemia has been low. To determine whether iron provided in Sprinkles daily or in a higher dose once weekly affected hemoglobin, serum... more
The effectiveness of commonly suggested public health interventions to control childhood iron-deficiency anemia has been low. To determine whether iron provided in Sprinkles daily or in a higher dose once weekly affected hemoglobin, serum ferritin levels, and serum transferrin receptor levels, and to determine whether there were differences in the effects of the two regimens. In this cluster-randomized, community-based trial conducted in rural areas of Bangladesh, 136 children aged 12 to 24 months with mild to moderate anemia (hemoglobin 70-109 g/L) were randomly allocated to receive Sprinkles daily (12.5 mg of elemental iron, n = 79) or once weekly (30 mg of elemental iron, n = 73) for 8 weeks. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and serum transferrin receptor were assessed at the start and end of the intervention. In both groups, there were significant increases in hemoglobin and serum ferritin and a significant decrease in serum transferrin receptor (p < .01). There were no significan...
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Adolescent girls have high nutrient needs and are susceptible to micronutrient deficiencies. The objective of this study was to test the effect of a multiple-micronutrient-fortified beverage on hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations,... more
Adolescent girls have high nutrient needs and are susceptible to micronutrient deficiencies. The objective of this study was to test the effect of a multiple-micronutrient-fortified beverage on hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, micronutrient status, and growth among adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh. A total of 1125 girls (Hb > or = 70 g/L) enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and were allocated to either a fortified or nonfortified beverage of similar taste and appearance. The beverage was provided at schools 6 d/wk for 12 mo. Concentrations of Hb and serum ferritin (sFt), retinol, zinc, and C-reactive protein were measured in venous blood samples at baseline, 6 mo, and 12 mo. In addition, weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurements were taken. The fortified beverage increased the Hb and sFt and retinol concentrations at 6 mo (P < 0.01). Adolescent girls in the nonfortified beverage group were more likely to suffer from ane...
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To determine the optimum interpregnancy interval (IPI) following a miscarriage. Multivariate analysis of population-based, prospective data from a demographic surveillance system. Pregnancies in Matlab, Bangladesh, between 1977 and 2008.... more
To determine the optimum interpregnancy interval (IPI) following a miscarriage. Multivariate analysis of population-based, prospective data from a demographic surveillance system. Pregnancies in Matlab, Bangladesh, between 1977 and 2008. 9214 women with 10 453 pregnancies that ended in a miscarriage and were followed by another pregnancy outcome. Outcome of pregnancy following the miscarriage was singleton live birth, stillbirth, miscarriage or induced abortion. For pregnancies that ended in live birth: early neonatal, late neonatal and postneonatal mortality. Compared with IPIs of 6-12 months, pregnancies that were conceived ≤3 months after a miscarriage were more likely to result in a live birth and less likely to result in a miscarriage (adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR) 0.70, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.86) or induced abortion (0.50, 0.29 to 0.89). Induced abortions were significantly more likely following IPIs of 18-24 months (2.36, 1.48 to 3.76), 36-48 months (2.73, 1.50 to 4.94), and &...
In Bangladesh, both menstrual regulation (MR), which is thought to be a relatively safe method, and abortion, which in this setting is often performed using unsafe methods, are used to terminate pregnancies (known or suspected). However,... more
In Bangladesh, both menstrual regulation (MR), which is thought to be a relatively safe method, and abortion, which in this setting is often performed using unsafe methods, are used to terminate pregnancies (known or suspected). However, little is known about changes over time in the use of these methods or their relative mortality risks. Data from the Demographic Surveillance System in Matlab, Bangladesh, on 110,152 pregnancy outcomes between 1989 and 2008 were used to assess changes in mortality risks associated with MR (and a small number of dilation and curettage procedures), abortion and live birth. Tabulation and logistic regression analyses were used to compare outcomes in two areas of Matlab--the comparison area, which receives standard government health and family planning services, and the Maternal and Child Health-Family Planning (MCH-FP) area, which receives enhanced health and family planning services. In Matlab as a whole, the proportion of pregnancies ending in MR inc...
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Menstrual regulation (MR), a relatively safe form of pregnancy termination, is legal in Bangladesh during the early stages of pregnancy. However, little is known about the factors associated with whether women who terminate pregnancies... more
Menstrual regulation (MR), a relatively safe form of pregnancy termination, is legal in Bangladesh during the early stages of pregnancy. However, little is known about the factors associated with whether women who terminate pregnancies choose this method or a less-safe one. Data from the Matlab Demographic Surveillance System on 122,691 pregnancies-5,221 (4.3%) of which were terminated-were used to examine trends between 1989 and 2008 in termination and in use of safer methods (MR or dilation and curettage) and less-safe (all other) methods of pregnancy termination. Logistic and multinomial logistic regressions were used to assess factors associated with whether women terminate pregnancies and whether they use safer methods. Sixty-seven percent of pregnancy terminations were by safer methods and 33% by less-safe means. The proportion of pregnancies that were terminated increased between 1989 and 2008; this increase was entirely due to increased use of safer methods. Women younger th...
Research Interests: Demography, Bangladesh, Adolescent, Safety, Pregnancy, and 7 moreHumans, Female, Young Adult, Risk factors, Prevalence, Adult, and Risk Factors
Terminal 11q deletion, known as Jacobsen syndrome (JBS), is a rare genetic disorder associated with numerous dysmorphic features. We studied two cases with multiple congenital anomalies that were cytogenetically detected with deletions on... more
Terminal 11q deletion, known as Jacobsen syndrome (JBS), is a rare genetic disorder associated with numerous dysmorphic features. We studied two cases with multiple congenital anomalies that were cytogenetically detected with deletions on 11q encompassing JBS region: 46,XX,der(11) del(11)(q24). Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis confirmed partial deletion of 11.8-11.9 Mb at 11q24.1q25 (case 1) and 13.9-14 Mb deletion at 11q23.3q25 together with 7.3-7.6 Mb duplication at 12q24.32q24.33 (case 2). Dysmorphism because of the partial duplication of 12q was not overtly decipherable over the Jacobsen phenotype except for a triangular facial profile. Aberrant chromosome 11 was inherited from phenotypically normal father, carrier of balanced translocation 46,XY,t(11;12)(q23.3; q24.32). In the present study, both cases had phenotypes that were milder than the ones described in literature despite having large deletion size. Most prominent features in classical JBS is throm...
Adipose tissue is an endocrine compartment that plays an important role in immune defence by producing and releasing a wide range of proteins, including acute phase proteins (APPs). The liver is the main organ of APP synthesis, although... more
Adipose tissue is an endocrine compartment that plays an important role in immune defence by producing and releasing a wide range of proteins, including acute phase proteins (APPs). The liver is the main organ of APP synthesis, although extrahepatic production has also been reported. In the present study, expression of two APPs in dairy cattle, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), was determined in four visceral (pericardial, mesenteric, omental and retroperitoneal) and three subcutaneous (withers, tail head and sternum) adipose tissue depots. mRNA expression was evaluated using qualitative and quantitative PCR, protein profiles were assessed by Western blot analysis and cellular localisation was determined by immunohistochemistry. The presence of LBP and AGP was demonstrated at mRNA and protein levels in all seven adipose tissue depots. Expression of AGP and LBP suggests that they may have roles as local and systemic inflammatory adipokines.
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The acute phase proteins (APP) are a group of serum proteins that change their concentration in animals following external or internal challenges, such as infection, inflammation or stress. The concentrations of four APPs, including serum... more
The acute phase proteins (APP) are a group of serum proteins that change their concentration in animals following external or internal challenges, such as infection, inflammation or stress. The concentrations of four APPs, including serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) were determined in serum collected from healthy Alpine ibexes (Capra ibex) and ibexes with Sarcoptes scabiei mange. Primary structures of all four APPs were determined by cDNA sequencing. The concentrations of all four APPs were higher in serum of animals with clinical signs of sarcoptic mange when compared to healthy animals. Two of the APPs, including SAA and AGP, acted as major APPs, since their serum concentrations were increased more than 10-folds when compared to healthy animals (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001). The other two APPs, including Hp and Cp, acted as minor acute phase proteins, as their concentrations were increased from two to five folds (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001). These findings provide a remarkable potential as diagnostic markers for the early detection of sarcoptic mange in free ranging animals.
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Research Interests: University and Helminths
Introduction Neonatal seizures continue to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinicians. Seizures can permanently disrupt neuronal development, induce synaptic reorganisation, reduce neurogenesis, alter plasticity and prime... more
Introduction Neonatal seizures continue to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinicians. Seizures can permanently disrupt neuronal development, induce synaptic reorganisation, reduce neurogenesis, alter plasticity and prime the brain to increased ...
ABSTRACT In this paper, we present an algorithm to remove Salt and Pepper noise from grayscale images. It is an enhanced adaptive median filtering algorithm which initially calculates median without considering noisy pixels in the... more
ABSTRACT In this paper, we present an algorithm to remove Salt and Pepper noise from grayscale images. It is an enhanced adaptive median filtering algorithm which initially calculates median without considering noisy pixels in the processing window. If the noise-free median value is not available in the maximum processing window, the last processed pixel value is used as the replacement. Moreover, in extreme situations such as noise corrupted pure black and white images, a threshold value is used to determine the pixel value. Experimental results show that our algorithm can perform better than the other non-linear filters, suppressing noise level more than 90% while preserving visual quality and necessary details of the image.
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Abstract Reduction of Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is investigated here. Clipping can be performed in two ways one is to clip the complex envelopes of OFDM signal and the other... more
Abstract Reduction of Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is investigated here. Clipping can be performed in two ways one is to clip the complex envelopes of OFDM signal and the other is to clip the Inphase (I-signal) and ...
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AbstractThe enabling technologies such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) are effective and significant for the present and future wireless communication systems. Some common problems such as multipath delay spread,... more
AbstractThe enabling technologies such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) are effective and significant for the present and future wireless communication systems. Some common problems such as multipath delay spread, channel noise, peak ...
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Context: Decidual inflammation and hemorrhage are major contri- butors to the pathogenesis of preterm delivery (PTD). IL-11 is a cytokine with pleiotropic biological effects, including induction of T helper cell type 2 and inhibition of T... more
Context: Decidual inflammation and hemorrhage are major contri- butors to the pathogenesis of preterm delivery (PTD). IL-11 is a cytokine with pleiotropic biological effects, including induction of T helper cell type 2 and inhibition of T helper cell type 1 cytokine responses.Paradoxically,itenhancesthesynthesisofprostaglandins, which induce labor. Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate in vivo IL-11 expression in decidua
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In a hydraulic jump, the supercritical flow suddenly changes to subcritical flow forming steep gradients of flow depth and velocity. In the numerical simulation of this flow, proper grid distribution can play a crucial role in the... more
In a hydraulic jump, the supercritical flow suddenly changes to subcritical flow forming steep gradients of flow depth and velocity. In the numerical simulation of this flow, proper grid distribution can play a crucial role in the prediction and resolution of the solutions. In this paper, two different numerical schemes - Mac- Cormack (second-order accurate in space and time) and
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1 Recently we reported the vitamin C content of some fruits and vegetables available at Sylhet area in Bangladesh. 2,3 There are many vegetables and fruits available at different district of Bangladesh. In our continuous study on the... more
1 Recently we reported the vitamin C content of some fruits and vegetables available at Sylhet area in Bangladesh. 2,3 There are many vegetables and fruits available at different district of Bangladesh. In our continuous study on the vitamin C content, we collected varieties of vegetables and fruits from different regions specially Chittagong, Comilla & Sylhet and estimated the amount of vitamin C in such samples. The content of vitamin C in fruits and vegetables found in Chittagong and Comilla may be different because the properties of soil and climate of this region is different. Therefore, a comparative study of vitamin C content of selected fruits and vegetables at Sylhet and Comilla districts were also considered. Here a well established chemical method (2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine methods -DNPH) 4 was used as a simplified method for the simultaneous determination of the total vitamin C.
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Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) is an acute phase protein involved in host response to Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. It is synthesized by hepatocytes and released as 60-65kDa glycoprotein in plasma. Little is known... more
Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) is an acute phase protein involved in host response to Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. It is synthesized by hepatocytes and released as 60-65kDa glycoprotein in plasma. Little is known about the distribution of LBP in non-pathological bovine tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extra hepatic expression of LBP in different bovine tissues by qualitative and quantitative real time (RT) PCR. The presence of the protein was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry using an anti-human LBP antibody preliminarily validated by cross-reactivity in bovine tissues. While a wide panel of organs and tissues was investigated, the attention was focused on the digestive tract and mammary gland. Moderate amount of mRNA was detected in most of the tissues involved in this study. Extra hepatic LBP mRNA expression was particularly high in parotid and submandibular salivary glands. Remarkably, LBP mRNA was found in rumen, reticulum and omasum. High expression was also found in the mammary gland. Intensity of protein staining paralleled mRNA expression in most tissues, with the exception of lung, ovary and thyroid gland. The presence of LBP throughout epithelial mucosal tissues is indicative of an important role of LBP in mucosal immunity at sites of bacterial exposure. These results suggest that ruminant forestomachs may mount a local acute phase reaction.
Research Interests: Zoology, Immunohistochemistry, Real-time RT-PCR, Humans, Liver, and 16 moreThyroid gland, Gram Positive, Animals, Polymerase Chain Reaction, P-glycoprotein, Monoclonal Antibodies, Cattle, mRna expression levels, Digestive Tract, Gram-negative bacteria, Mammary gland, Veterinary Sciences, Acute Phase Proteins, Veterinary Immunology, Salivary Gland, and Mucosal Immunity
The TIR8 receptor (also called SIGIRR) is an orphan member of the TIR superfamily. Its function is still elusive, but it is believed to trigger a negative pathway of regulation of the Toll-like/IL-1 receptor system, crucial for modulating... more
The TIR8 receptor (also called SIGIRR) is an orphan member of the TIR superfamily. Its function is still elusive, but it is believed to trigger a negative pathway of regulation of the Toll-like/IL-1 receptor system, crucial for modulating inflammation in gastrointestinal (GI) tract and in other tissues (lung and kidney). The expression pattern of TIR8 in bovine tissues is unknown. Given the importance of GI diseases in cattle, the aim of this investigation was to study the distribution of TIR8 in a wide panel of non-pathologic tissues and organs. TIR8 expression was assessed by Northern blot analysis and further confirmed and comparatively quantified by qualitative and quantitative (Real-Time) PCR. The possible presence of tissue-specific isoforms was determined by Western blot immunodetection, using an anti-human TIR8 polyclonal antibody previously validated in bovine tissues. Similarly to humans and mice, bovine TIR8 was found in the GI tract and kidney. Expression of TIR8 mRNA was also detected in lymph nodes, thymus and thyroid gland. Interestingly, several isoforms of bovine TIR8 were detected in the same organs, suggesting the occurrence of different post-translational processings.
Research Interests: Zoology, Gene expression, Toll like receptor signaling, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Humans, and 14 moreThyroid gland, Mice, Female, Animals, Male, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cattle, Western blot, Veterinary Sciences, Protein isoforms, Veterinary Immunology, Base Sequence, Lymph Node, and Tissue Specificity
The present study was carried out in order to investigate the systemic and local expression of the acute-phase protein alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP, Orosomucoid) during Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) natural infection. The... more
The present study was carried out in order to investigate the systemic and local expression of the acute-phase protein alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP, Orosomucoid) during Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) natural infection. The aminoacid sequence of goat AGP (gAGP), which was unknown, was determined by cDNA sequencing of the gene. AGP serum concentration was analyzed from 40 healthy and 36 CAEV-induced arthritis-affected goats. The mean concentration of AGP in healthy goats was of 219.8 microg/ml (+/-178.6 s.d.) and did not statistically differ from that of arthritis-affected goats (157 microg/ml, +/-137.8 s.d.). In a second set of experiments, AGP was purified to homogeneity from the serum of healthy and unhealthy goats, and the glycan pattern modifications were analyzed by means of specific binding with lectins. In particular, branching, fucosylation and alpha(1-6)- and alpha(1-3)-linked sialylation were analyzed. Goat AGP is not fucosylated in neither physiological nor pathological status. On the contrary, both major (branching) and minor (sialylation) microheterogeneities increase during arthritis. Finally, the possible local synovial origin of gAGP was determined by means of in vitro expression studies (real-time PCR) which used goat synovial membrane (GSM) as cellular model. It was found that gAGP&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s mRNA can be constitutively produced by GSM cells, but real-time PCR experiments revealed that the expression of AGP was not influenced by in vitro infection with CAEV.
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The present study was designed to investigate the capability of bovine neutrophil granulocytes to produce the minor acute phase protein alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP, Orososmucoid). Bovine neutrophils contain a high MW (50-60kDa) AGP... more
The present study was designed to investigate the capability of bovine neutrophil granulocytes to produce the minor acute phase protein alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP, Orososmucoid). Bovine neutrophils contain a high MW (50-60kDa) AGP isoform (PMN-AGP), as determined by Western blotting and confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. The presence of AGP in bovine neutrophils has been confirmed by fluorescence immunocytometry. In addition, bovine neutrophils contain also a 42-45kDa isoform, which has the same MW as plasma-, liver-delivered, AGP. cDNA sequence of plasma- and PMN-AGP revealed that (i) the two proteins are products of the same gene; (ii) the differences in molecular weight are due do different post-translational modifications. This result was confirmed by deglycosylation of the two glycoforms. Exocytosis studies showed that isolated neutrophils exposed to several challengers, including Zymosan activated serum (ZAS) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which mimic the inflammatory activation, released PMN-AGP as early as 15min. AGP&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s mRNA is physiologically expressed by mature resting neutrophils. Real-time PCR on LPS, ZAS and PMA challenged cells revealed that the level of expression apparently does not increase after inflammatory activation. Collectively, the findings reported in this paper proved that PMN-AGP: (i) is a hyperglycosylated glycoform of plasma AGP, (ii) is stored in granules, and (iii) is released by neutrophils in response to activation. Due to its anti-inflammatory activity, PMN-AGP may work as a fine tuning of the neutrophils functions in the inflammatory focus, i.e. it can reduce the damages caused by an excess of inflammatory response.