Divorce

When one parent sets the youngster against the other parent for no legitimate reason, they are taking part in parental distance. This risky conduct is more typical that you might want to accept and happens in numerous Family Lawyer Houston Texas divorces, particularly those that are hostile.

As pornography use becomes more commonplace in the United States, and increasingly so among younger cohorts, a growing literature is considering its potential connection to key social and cultural institutions. The current study examines the relationship between pornography use and one such institution—marriage. We draw on three-wave longitudinal data from 2006-2014 General Social Survey panel studies to determine whether married Americans' pornography use predicts their likelihood of divorce over time and under what social conditions. We employ a doubly robust strategy that combines entropy balancing with logistic regression models. We find that the probability of divorce roughly doubles for married Americans who begin pornography use between survey waves (N = 2,125; Odds Ratio = 2.20), and that this relationship holds for both women and men. Conversely, discontinuing pornography use between survey waves is associated with a lower probability of divorce, but only for women. Additional analyses also show that the association between beginning pornography use and the probability of divorce is particularly strong among younger Americans, those who are less religious, and those who report greater initial marital happiness. We conclude by discussing data limitations, considering potential intervening mechanisms and the possibility of reverse-causation, and outlining implications for future research.

We have a problem in the arena of divorce and custody. We have a system that is not impartial and often serves as a breeding ground for disingenuous and unethical actions committed by players in the legal arena and sometimes (knowingly and unknowingly) enabled by the very courts people believe will determine fact from fiction. Many Fathers have an uphill challenge awaiting them as they seek what many others before the law and courts seek...fairness and the right to be heard.

This article explores the age difference of marrying and divorcing couples, calculated by subtracting the wife's age from the husband's. Age difference is of interest in the study of families and partnership behaviour. It is also important because of its link with broader socio-demographic changes, such as population ageing, delayed fertility and the provision of care. The main finding is that between 1963 and 2005, the distribution of age differences for all marriages is very similar in each year to the distribution of age differences for the subset of couples who married in that year, but have since divorced. While there is some evidence of small variations in the proportion of marriages that end in divorce by age difference, there does not seem to be evidence of a strong association.

In this paper, with linear regressions to investigate how relationships dissolution affects sexual attitudes and behaviors, the authors address the stereotype that newly single people seek multiple sexual partners. Although the newly single people surveyed did obtain new sexual partners, the rate at which they acquired new partners did not support the stereotype. Specifically, men with custody of their children seemed oriented towards finding a steady partner. Additionally, men and women with low incomes reported relatively high rates of partner acquisition after relationship dissolution. The high rates reported by disadvantaged groups may be more directly related to familial stability accompanying poverty than to cultural characteristics associated with income or race. We argue that a life stage model with categorical stages in a rigid, anachronistic progression provides insufficient means to gain an understanding of newly single people.

From the above mentioned admitted facts, it is evident
that the petitioner needs sufficient amount of money for the
treatment of breast cancer. Hence, it cannot be ruled out that
in order to save her life by getting money, she agreed for a
settlement of dissolution of marriage. On these facts, a
question that came in our mind is as to whether the Court
would be justified in granting a decree for divorce on the basis
of settlement when the wife is suffering with breast cancer and
is in need of money for her treatment and can that be the
consideration for dissolution of marriage.
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION
TRANSFER PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 702 OF 2015
Vennangot Anuradha Samir …..Petitioner
versus
Vennangot Mohandas Samir …Respondent
Dated;December 02, 2015

On March 16, 1996, the author interviewed her mother, Beth Tillmann, about Beth's parents' divorce and her life as a foster child. From detailed notes taken during this phone conversation and from family stories told to the author throughout her life, the author constructed a narrative titled "A Home of Her Own." Its structure and tone mimic the way her mother speaks about the dissolution of her family of origin and her attachments to and separations from those who tried to help her rebuild a sense of home. After the story is a discussion of what narrative representations of loss offer the writer, the subject, and the reader.

Background: Emotional divorce refers to a situation in which the emotional relationship, support, passion, warmth, attention, love, and intimacy between couples (husband & wife) decline or diminish. Such conditions lead to an unaffectionate marital life to the point that the couples are only together under one roof. Accordingly, the present study aimed to explore the role of attachment styles and spiritual intelligence in predicting emotional divorce in women. Methods: This study employed a descriptive-correlational design. The research population included all women filing for divorce who were referred to marriage counseling and couple therapy centers in districts 5 and 6 in Tehran City, Iran, in 2020. In total, 400 women who met the inclusion criteria were selected as the study participants using voluntary response and convenience sampling techniques. The required data were collected by the Emotional Divorce Scale, the Adult Attachment Scale, and the Self-Report Measure of Spiritual Intelligence. The collected data were analyzed using the multiple regression analysis method in SPSS V. 22. Results: The obtained results suggested a significant positive relationship between the anxiousavoidant attachment style and emotional divorce (P<0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant negative relationship between spiritual intelligence and emotional divorce; the higher the spiritual intelligence, the lower the emotional divorce (P=0.02). Accordingly, spiritual intelligence and anxious-avoidant attachment style can predict emotional divorce (Multiple Regressions=-0.58). Conclusion: The present study data suggested that premarital education and counseling before spouse selection help in examining the personality traits of the parties. Moreover, paying attention to the role of health professionals, such as family counselors, psychologists, and psychiatric nurses in providing premarital counseling and education to couples and emphasizing the role of spiritual intelligence and attachment styles may prevent emotional separation and divorce among couples.

In the event that you are going to embrace a Divorce or Child Custody and have a youngster then you ought to be comfortable with a Standard Possession Order and what it involves. Our State Legislature made the Standard Possession Order, or SPO, so as to help Family Lawyers in Houston courts who need to work with guardians to make sense of when each parent will have the capacity to have ownership of their kid after their separation has been settled.

Infants, parental separation, custody, and overnight care: a vexed combination of issues and needs that has long perplexed the family law field. Carol George and Judith Solomon have conducted the only published observational study of infant attachment in light of postseparation overnight care arrangements. Here they revisit that study and bring more than three decades of experience to bear on questions concerning very young children implicated in family law disputes. Currently a professor of psychology at Mills College, California, George is an author and coauthor of several notable attachment measures and has over 50 research publications in the area of attachment. Judith Solomon is both a clinical psychologist and a researcher in the attachment field, specializing in the study of early attachment relationships and representations, most recently in the Department of Pediatrics, Bridgeport Hospital. George and Solomon are associate editors of the journal, Attachment and Human Development , reviewers on multiple developmental journals, and both consult and teach internationally. McIntosh: I began work on this Special Edition by surveying the AFCC membership to identify key questions they would ask if they had the opportunity to talk with attachment researchers and specialists. That survey produced 12 major themes about attachment, and of interest, 60 percent of the content focused on one single issue: infants and overnight care. Specifically respondents wanted to know " When is an infant ready for shared overnights? " Judith Solomon and Carol George, you have published one of the very few studies on infant attachment in the context of overnight care (Solomon & George, 1999), a study which you probably know became a little controversial in the family law arena. George: Quite controversial! Our study is used in a variety of different ways, including some ways that I do not agree with, or that the data do not support. Solomon: I do not know many other things that evoke such strong feelings in people than the combination of divorce, custody, and babies. Parents, attorneys, judges, and everyone around the baby can be very stirred up. There is little hard information to go by, so that the situation of infants in overnight care is like a Rorschach inkblot. People project their views very strongly onto it and feel completely invested in those views. It is difficult to open that up and bring information and research into an already fixed view. Our study itself was intriguing, but the aftermath, I found really quite exhausting. The people for whom the conclusions were congenial liked the study, and people for whom the results looked uncongenial disliked the study. And, in places it was used to fuel the gender war we so often see in the divorce arena. George: I have seen the Solomon and George paper used to justify many things I do not necessarily agree with. For example, some have used our findings to support withholding contact from the father because the mother is breastfeeding the baby. We know that nursing is important, but in isolation, whether or not the baby is breastfed does not seem to actually determine the security of attachment to mother (or father!) at 12 months, so, with an older infant, I would avoid using breastfeeding as the reason why a baby shouldn't have an overnight visit. Other factors are much more important to consider. Conversely, I object to people using our findings specifically, or attachment theory in general, to justify switching babies back and forth all the time between parents, because of some-body's idea of what is necessary to establish or maintain the attachment relationship to mother or

מאמר זה מבקש להסביר את הסיבות להתנגדות הנחרצת של בתי הדין השרעיים
בישראל למינוי בוררת אישה בתיקי "ריב וסכסוך" (נזאע ושקאק). המאמר מראה
כי הפונקציה התפקידית שממלאי הבוררים בהליכי ריב וסכסוך נושאת בחובה
משקל אידיאולוגי פטריארכלי ניכר, השואב משני מקורות: א. מהמאפיינים
התרבותיים של פעולת הבוררים, המתבססים על 'תכונות' פטריארכליות מובהקות;
ב. מההקשר המבני של פעולת הבוררים, המתקיימת במרחב המשפחתי הפרטי. היות
ומרחב זה נתפס כאותנטי יותר ומפולש פחות מהמרחב הציבורי – התערבות בו,
וערעור הערכים הפטריארכליים העומדים בבסיסו, מעוררים התנגדות עזה. שילוב
של שני מרכיבי אלו, הוא שהביא להתייצבותו החד משמעית של בית הדין השרעי לערעורי כנגד מתן אפשרות למינוי נשים לתפקיד של בוררות בתיקי ריב וסכסוך
הנדונים בבתי הדין השרעיים בישראל.

In this paper, I argue against any state intrusion and interference that amounts to scrutiny of parents based on their decision to separate. The state, to my mind, ought not to be involved in childrearing decisions in cases of divorce unless there is a sufficient reason, and, as I will argue, divorce per se does not present a level of risk to children that justifies state intervention. The claims I am about to make apply not only to parental capability tests but also to the entire process of legal divorce, which allows the courts to decide who they believe is a better parent-a decision that, in my view, the state is not capable of (and should not be) making. I do not claim that states ought not to interfere at all but rather that, unless parents fail to do what they are morally required to do, state interference should not be permitted. To make this case, I present two claims: claim A, that only a risk reaching a certain level (which I will call level H) justifies state intervention; claim B, that the act of divorce does not meet level H; and therefore C, there is no justification for state intervention in divorce. I.

Co-parenting after divorce has an impact on child adjustment, namely, when parenting gate- keeping and conflict occur. After separation/divorce parents coercive parenting and styles, conflict and triangulation co-parenting types can enhance child ́s vulnerability. Particularly if the child is under than 3 years of age. With an increase of divorce ratings, child custody arrangements and its impact on young children needs to addressed. We intend to explore the effects of these variables on children of separated parents with current child custody process in family court (litigious and non-litigious). The Portuguese version of Parenting Styles Questionnaire - parent's version; Co-parenting Questionnaire and Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaire where applied to 93 Portuguese parents (49 mothers; 44 fathers) of an infant aged under 3 years of old, separated from 12 to 69 months with custody process in family court to regulate child custody from 12 to 40 months. This purpose sample included 42 parents with shared custody and 51 with full custody agreements. Parents participated willingly and all ethical standards were assured. Findings enhance the predictive power of the model including authority styles (authoritative, authoritarian and permissive) and co-parenting strategies (cooperation, triangulation and conflict) on child adjustment internalized and externalized problems (emotional, behavioral and social dimensions') for both custody agreements. Overall, authoritarian parenting styles and parenting conflict exert major impact on child adjustment. Parents with full custody agreements see their children as presenting more emotional and social problems (F(3,35) = 22.27, p < .001; d = 1.11 and F(3,44) = 15.21, p < .001; d = 2.18). Findings suggest authoritarian parenting styles and parenting conflict as major contributors for poor early child adjustment and well-being, particularly in children living with one parent household in full custody agreement. We emphasize that families had an ongoing custody process in family court, which could contribute to parenting conflict. These findings suggest the need to further study the impact of full and shared child custody agreements on child adjustment and development, in early childhood. Also, we stress the importance of post- divorce parenting educational programs for helping parent's on parenting educational patterns and behaviors, communication skills, emotional regulation, and awareness of what's in the best interest of child well-being and healthy development.

War die Ehescheidung noch vor wenigen Jahrzehnten gesellschaftlich stark stigmatisiert und eher eine Ausnahmeerscheinung, gehört sie inzwischen für einen Großteil der einmal Verheirateten zur Normalbiografie. Erheblich gewandelt haben sich im 20. Jahrhundert auch die Vorstellungen davon, was eine Ehe normativ zu sein hat – und damit die als legitim erachteten und vor Gericht akzeptierten Gründe, sie aufzulösen. Thomas Mazzurana leistet einen Beitrag zu einer Soziologie der Ehescheidung, indem er in einer wissenssoziologischen Perspektive die subjektiven Begründungen und Bewertungen der Scheidung in mehreren institutionellen Feldern untersucht. Er macht in den Diskursen der Akteure die Rechtfertigungsmuster und damit die sozialen Repräsen­tationen von Ehe und ihrer institutionellen Auflösung in der Spätmoderne sichtbar.

This study investigates the long-term effects of parental divorce on adolescent psychological adjustment and well-being, and to what extent the effects are accounted for by parental psychological distress. Data were collected among 8,984 Norwegian adolescents (13–19 years) and ...

Often, divorce does not end disturbed marital relationships. Of 105 families that experienced divorce, 52 percent had hostile postdivorce interactions requiring at least 1 court intervention, and 31 percent required 2 to 10 court interventions in a two-year follow-up period. The legal reasons for the court actions centered around money and children. Commonly observed family dynamic patterns included (a) hostile interaction between divorced spouses over the parenting roles; (b) continued conflict between divorced spouses, but not involving the children or extended family; (c) perpetuation by the children of interaction between their divorced parents; (d) special alliances between one parent and child against the other parent; and (e) continued interaction of divorced partners, perpetuated by the extended family.

The need for cross-border cooperation in family matters in the European Union was identified and politically expressed already in the 1990s. The first legislative act adopted in this field was the Brussels II Regulation of 2000. It unified, on the EU level, the rules on international jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and parental responsibility. In 2021, six EU regulations are in use in this field. In 2022, the second recast of the Brussels II Regulation will enter into application. Beside the mentioned cross-border procedural rules, the regulations also bring unified choice of law rules, while other EU regulations in the field of private international law enable simplified cross-border service of documents and taking of evidence.
The number of unified rules in cross-border family disputes is thus growing, which enhances legal certainty of the European families. However, the fragmented regulation and different temporal and territorial scopes of application of the “family regulations” result in a complex mosaic of rules, which is often unclear and difficult to apply. The paper aims to present a wholesome view of the legislation in force and provides information on the interplay among different regulations. Thus, it strives to enhance a rapid and correct application of this legislation, which is of crucial importance for European citizens. The paper also emphasises the importance of the broader context of the EU cooperation in family matters, namely the EU private international law in general, and of the international treaties in family law, especially the Hague conventions.

Past –based data regarding the social life of OECD countries show the institute family underwent the important transitions from the functional and structural point of view. While the number of one-person family is showing an increase, fertility rates are gradually decreasing. In general, in all OECD countries, the marriage rates are declining and divorce rates are rising. The discussions on the causes of these important changes, seen in the indicators of social structure, are becoming intense and the studies are being carried out. According to this, in this study, as the reason for the increase in divorce, the increase seen in the rates of female labor force participation force has been attempted to be questioned. The relationship between the female labor force participation and divorce rate was examined by means of panel data analysis realized based on OECD countries between the years of 1990-2012. While the results of Panel Co-Integration Test, in which the clues of long termed relationships between the variables are provided, report the long termed relationship between the variables under consideration, at the same time, according to the final model, where fixed effects model is determined, a relationship at the serious level from the rate of labor force participation to the variable divorce has been reported.

Keywords: Divorce, Female Labor Force Participation, Panel Data Analysis

Doi: 10.17364/IIB.2015189755


KADINLARIN İŞGÜCÜNE KATILIMI İLE BOŞANMA ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: OECD ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

İşgücüne katılım oranı, toplumların gelişmişlik ve kalkınma düzeyleriyle ilgili olarak önemli bulgulara erişimi sağlayan analizler için kullanılan başat verilerden biridir. İşgücüne katılımın zayıf halkalarından biri olan kadınlar özelinde bu çalışma gerçekleştirilmek istenmiştir. Zorlaşan yaşam koşulları, iyi bir yaşam kalitesine kavuşabilmenin yükselen maliyeti, kriz, savaş gibi toplumun genelini etkileyen olaylar nedeniyle ortaya çıkan makroekonomik değişimler, kadınların da ekonomik desteğini gerektiren hallerdir. Bununla beraber, toplumsal ve kültürel anlayışların dönüşümleri, bazı durumlarda kadınların toplumsal hayata daha fazla katılmalarını sağlayabilir. Kadınların toplumda daha görünür hale gelmeleri işgücü piyasasındaki durumlarına da yansımıştır. Toplumsal kalıp yargıların önüne set çektiği bazı mesleklere kadınların ulaşılabilirliği artmıştır. Eğitim düzeyinin yükselmesi de kadınların çalışma hayatına girişlerini kolaylaştıran faktörlerdendir. Ancak işgücü piyasasında ve istihdam edilme koşullarında toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğine bağlı olarak kadınların erkeklere göre dezavantajlı oluşları devam etmektedir. Kadının kazancıyla aile ekonomisine yaptığı katkının elbette olumlu etkileri söz konusudur. Diğer taraftan kadının kazancının aile ekonomisinin temel kaynağından ziyade yan kaynağı olarak görülmesi kadının işgücüne katılımında ve istihdam koşullarında yer alan olumsuzlukların nedenlerindendir. Özellikle kadının çalışması hakkında genel kabul gören toplumsal yargıların oluşumu, kadın istihdamına “alternatif” bir durum olarak yaklaşmanın çizdiği çerçeve içinde gerçekleşir. Kadınların “gerekli” şartlarda ve “gerekli” zamanlarda çalışmaları; “gerekli” değilse çalışmamaları uygun bulunur. Diğer taraftan OECD ülkelerinin toplumsal yapısına ilişkin yakın geçmişe dayanan veriler, aile kurumunun yapısal ve işlevsel açıdan önemli geçişlere uğradığını göstermektedir. Tek kişilik hanelerin sayıları artış gösterirken doğurganlık oranları da giderek azalmaktadır. OECD ülkeleri genelinde evlenme oranları düşmekte, boşanma oranları da yükselmektedir. Toplumsal yapının göstergelerinde görülen bu önemli değişmelerin nedenleri üzerinde tartışmalar yoğunlaşmakta ve çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmektedir. Buna göre bu çalışmada boşanmalarda görülen artışın nedeni olarak kadınların işgücüne katılım oranlarında görülen artış sorgulanmak istenmiştir. Kadınların işgücüne katılımları ile boşanma oranları arasındaki ilişki 1990-2012 yılları arasındaki OECD ülkeleri verilerine dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilen panel veri analizi ile incelenmiştir. Değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkinin ipuçlarının verildiği Panel Kointegrasyon test sonuçları söz konusu değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli ilişkiyi raporlarken, aynı zamanda sabit etkiler modelinin belirlendiği nihai modele göre işgücüne katılım oranından boşanma değişkenine doğru bir ciddi düzeyde bir ilişki raporlanmaktadır. Diğer bir ifadeyle OECD ülkeleri üzerine gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma kapsamında elde edilen analiz sonuçları, kadınların işgücüne katılım oranlarının artışı ile boşanma oranlarının artışı arasında bir ilişki saptamıştır. Kadınların işgücüne katılımları birçok faktöre dayandırılabilir. Kadınların yetişkinlik dönemine erişinceye kadar geçirdikleri süre, toplumsallaşmanın önemli bir evresini oluşturur. Bu süreçte, kadınların topluma uyum sağlamaları birtakım toplumsal ve kültürel normlar, değerler ve şartlar altında şekillenir. Eğitim ve istihdam oranlarında görülen cinsiyet farklılıkları, bu sürece dayalı incelediğinde daha iyi anlaşılmaktadır. Dünya genelinde, kadınların eğitimden yararlanma ve istihdam edilme durumlarında erkeklere göre dezavantajlı oluşları, bu durumlarla ilgili yaygın olan toplumsal değer ve inançlarla yakından ilişkilidir. Kadının çalışması ile erkeğin çalışmasına toplumsal açıdan atfedilen anlamlar, aradaki ayrımı açıkça gösterecektir. Bu ayrımı bir cümleyle özetlemek istersek; “kadın çalışabilir ama erkek çalışmak zorundadır”. Bu noktada erkeğe yüklenen bu sorumluluğun ne kadar ağır olduğu da ortadadır. Yine bu bağlamda değinmek gerekir ki; her ne kadar kadınların işgücüne katılım oranlarında artış yaşansa da, iş yaşamında görülen cinsiyet ayrımcılığına dair bulgulara erişen birçok bilimsel araştırma da mevcuttur. Çalışmanın diğer önemli değişkeni olan boşanma olgusu, evliliğin sona ermesi şeklinde bir tanımlamadan çok daha kapsamlı düşünülmelidir. Bu kapsam içerisinde boşanmaya karar verme sürecinin altını çizmek gerekir. Kadınların çalışma hayatına girişi ile kazanç elde etmeye başlaması, mali bağımsızlık oluşturması açısından önemlidir. Birçok çalışmada yer alan mali bağımsızlığın kadınlara getirileri ise özgüvenin artması, ekonomik açıdan güvenli olduğu hissinin yarattığı huzur ve bu hisse dayalı olarak boşanmanın da nedeni olarak öne sürülen cesarettir. Bu cesaret ve özgüven kendi başına ayakları üstünde durabilmenin sosyal ve psikolojik itkileridir. Bununla beraber boşanmanın gerçekleşmesi iki tarafın da himayesindedir. İşgücüne katılan kadının üyesi olduğu aile yapısı da bu noktada göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Boşanan çiftlerde kadın ve erkekten herhangi birisini salt etkin görmek doğru olmadığı gibi, bu konuda bir tarafa sorumluluk yüklenmesi biçiminde oluşan genel kanı da yanlıştır. Kadının işgücüne katılması durumu boşanma oranlarında artışın nedeni olabilir. Ancak önemli olan, bu sonuç değerlendirilirken üyelerden biriyle ilgili aile yaşamında yaşanan bu değişime uyum sağlama sorumluluğunun sadece kadına yüklenmesi gibi cinsiyet ayrımcılığı yapmamaktadır. Kadının işgücüne katılımı boşanmayı artıran bir etkense, kadınların çalışmamasını çözüm olarak sunmak yerine bu tek taraflı bakış açısı olan ataerkil zihniyetin, diğer deyişle işgücüne katılımda eril tahakkümün sorgulanması gerekmez mi? Çalışmayan kadınların çalışmaya ilişkin motivasyonlarını etkileyen faktörler nelerdir? Çalışan kadınlar optimal kapasitelerini kullanıyorlar mı? Bu gibi soruların cevapları da bu çalışmanın analiz sonuçlarının arka planında etkili olan görünmeyen değişkenler olarak düşünülmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Boşanma, Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımı, Panel Veri Analizi