Notre propos concerne la surete de fonctionnement d'un systeme socio-technique, compose d'un collectif d'agents humains controlant un systeme technique complexe. Nous presentons d'abord des concepts de base de la surete de... more
Notre propos concerne la surete de fonctionnement d'un systeme socio-technique, compose d'un collectif d'agents humains controlant un systeme technique complexe. Nous presentons d'abord des concepts de base de la surete de fonctionnement et une certaine approche de la fiabilite humaine, soulignant en particulier la richesse des agents humains et leur contribution a la surete de fonctionnement du systeme. Notre etude s'appuie sur l'analyse d'activites reelles de conduite collective d'un systeme critique (en l'occurrence un reacteur nucleaire) en vue de contribuer a l'identification des relations entre activites collectives et surete de fonctionnement, plus particulierement entre mecanismes implicites de cooperation et tolerance aux erreurs.
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SUMMARY The goal of this paper is to analyse the role of implicit activity in cooperation and to define a methodology that allows us to take it into account the design phase of cooperative systems. Firstly, we will identify the most... more
SUMMARY The goal of this paper is to analyse the role of implicit activity in cooperation and to define a methodology that allows us to take it into account the design phase of cooperative systems. Firstly, we will identify the most relevant cognitive processes in complex cooperative situations. Secondly we will analyse, using two field studies, how implicit and explicit activities interact in a real situation. This article supports the idea that the implicit activities are, contrarily to explicit ones, non deterministic and mandatory to achieve some tasks in unforseen environment. This has important theoretical and methodological consequences for ergonomic design. For example, if we accept this point of view its necessary to abandon the idea of a "zero fault" engineering in favor of a representation where it is necessary to combine optimally some explicit functionning modes (like procedures) with more open and self organised modes. This would allow the system to respond o...
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L'experience a eu pour but d'etudier les strategies de lecture de phrases ambigues en arabe. En arabe non «vocalise», l'absence de voyelles prive le lecteur des informations specifiant le mode du verbe (actif ou passif). Or,... more
L'experience a eu pour but d'etudier les strategies de lecture de phrases ambigues en arabe. En arabe non «vocalise», l'absence de voyelles prive le lecteur des informations specifiant le mode du verbe (actif ou passif). Or, en arabe, le verbe apparait le plus souvent en tete de phrase. Le lecteur ne peut pas attribuer de roles fonctionnels aux constituants de la phrase tant qu'il n'a pas analyse les elements situes en fin de phrase. On a teste l'hypothese selon laquelle cette propriete structurelle serait a l'origine de strategies perceptives particulieres
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SUMMARY The goal of this paper is to analyse the role of implicit activity in cooperation and to define a methodology that allows us to take it into account the design phase of cooperative systems. Firstly, we will identify the most... more
SUMMARY The goal of this paper is to analyse the role of implicit activity in cooperation and to define a methodology that allows us to take it into account the design phase of cooperative systems. Firstly, we will identify the most relevant cognitive processes in complex cooperative situations. Secondly we will analyse, using two field studies, how implicit and explicit
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The aim of this paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of two approaches for the design of communication technologies applied to telemedicine in emergency situations. The first approach is within the framework of classical ergonomics... more
The aim of this paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of two approaches for the design of communication technologies applied to telemedicine in emergency situations. The first approach is within the framework of classical ergonomics and tests the effectiveness of a device for the teletransmission of video data by placing operators in a close to reality
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In these experiments, we compared reading processes in arabic and in french. We observed that texts are read at the same speed in the two languages and that oculomotor activity is related to the morphological structure of words. Arabic... more
In these experiments, we compared reading processes in arabic and in french. We observed that texts are read at the same speed in the two languages and that oculomotor activity is related to the morphological structure of words. Arabic text reading processes seem impaired when introducing vowels. We conclude that lexical access of non concatenative languages like arabic or hebrew may be very different from access in concatenative ones like french or english.
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Le projet de cet article est de résumer rapidement (et donc fatalement de manière sommaire) l'évolution collective d'un programme de recherche théorique, technologique et sociétal mené depuis plus d'une dizaine... more
Le projet de cet article est de résumer rapidement (et donc fatalement de manière sommaire) l'évolution collective d'un programme de recherche théorique, technologique et sociétal mené depuis plus d'une dizaine d'années dans notre laboratoire sur l'analyse, la ...
Summary The aim of this paper is two fold 1) to describe a specific methodology for the design of complex cooperative systems when there is only a very short amount of time available to obtain field data and 2) to characterize a specific... more
Summary The aim of this paper is two fold 1) to describe a specific methodology for the design of complex cooperative systems when there is only a very short amount of time available to obtain field data and 2) to characterize a specific domain of co-operative ...
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Summary: This article proposes an examination of the different levels of intervention of the notion of context in the ergonomie analysis of work, and methodology for taking them into account, particularly in cooperative work. We... more
Summary: This article proposes an examination of the different levels of intervention of the notion of context in the ergonomie analysis of work, and methodology for taking them into account, particularly in cooperative work. We successively discuss the perceptive, ...
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In the present work, we have shown the effect of a vestibular stimulation on the velocity perception of a moving scene. The intensity of this effect is related to the amplitude of the cart acceleration, image velocity, spatial frequency... more
In the present work, we have shown the effect of a vestibular stimulation on the velocity perception of a moving scene. The intensity of this effect is related to the amplitude of the cart acceleration, image velocity, spatial frequency of the visual stimulus, and the angle between the directions of cart and image movement. A simple model has been developed to determine whether the perception of visual movement is due to the geometric projection of the vestibular evaluation on the visual vector, or the inverse.
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Research Interests: Psychology, Visual perception, Motion perception, Medicine, Peripheral vision, and 13 moreHumans, Cues, Motion Detection, Reaction Time, Light, Visual System, Visual Cues, Visual Field, Frequency Analysis, Dynamic Range, Conflict Psychology, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, and Medical and Health Sciences
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... systems stays compatible with the whole ecosystem which contains the socio-technical device) ... & Haase TW (2006) Communication, coherence and collective action : the impact of Hurricane ... G., Willinger W., Parrilo P.... more
... systems stays compatible with the whole ecosystem which contains the socio-technical device) ... & Haase TW (2006) Communication, coherence and collective action : the impact of Hurricane ... G., Willinger W., Parrilo P. (2005) Robustness and the internet: theoretical foundations. ...
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We describe a general method we use to design cooperative environments in real situations. We develop the notion of environmental resources and show how cognitive simulation can be used to design and test the new working environments.... more
We describe a general method we use to design cooperative environments in real situations. We develop the notion of environmental resources and show how cognitive simulation can be used to design and test the new working environments. This general ...
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RÉSUMÉ Cet article retrace les évolutions d'un programme de recherche centré sur l'analyse, la modélisation et l'instrumentation des activités coopératives. Nous nous attachons notamment à expliciter les changements... more
RÉSUMÉ Cet article retrace les évolutions d'un programme de recherche centré sur l'analyse, la modélisation et l'instrumentation des activités coopératives. Nous nous attachons notamment à expliciter les changements d'arrièreplan théoriques qui ont guider ...