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A life history interview with a qualitative approach was conducted with Michael Iwama, PhD, MSc, BScOT, BScHP by two student researchers and an advisor from the University of North Dakota Department of Occupational Therapy. The purpose of... more
A life history interview with a qualitative approach was conducted with Michael Iwama, PhD, MSc, BScOT, BScHP by two student researchers and an advisor from the University of North Dakota Department of Occupational Therapy. The purpose of this study is to provide occupational therapists with a view of history and how occupational therapy practice has evolved from inception to current practice through the life history of Michael Iwama. The research was guided by the Kawa model to shape the interview schedule, and the view of the individual and their context (Iwama, Thomson, & Macdonald, 2009). The two-hour interview was recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded into 32 codes, and collapsed into 4 categories and corresponding themes. Trustworthiness was established through reflexive journals, member checking, multiple researchers, and multiple methods of data collection. The categories formed included the following: background, culture, model, and passion. From these categories emerged th...
The Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy (CJOT) plays a major role in the generation, dissemi-nation and application of knowledge in occupational therapy; it serves to promote the advancement and development of theory, practice,... more
The Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy (CJOT) plays a major role in the generation, dissemi-nation and application of knowledge in occupational therapy; it serves to promote the advancement and development of theory, practice, research and educa-tion in our ...
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[Extract]: Occupational therapy has experienced rapid global expansion over the past 2 decades as more countries, communities, and health care institutions have embraced and recognized its restorative, enabling and empowering qualities.... more
[Extract]: Occupational therapy has experienced rapid global expansion over the past 2 decades as more countries, communities, and health care institutions have embraced and recognized its restorative, enabling and empowering qualities. However, this growing appreciation for occupational therapy has raised several important challenges for the profession as it strives to be relevant and meaningful in meeting the needs of culturally diverse people and communities (Iwama, Thompson & Macdonald, 2009).
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The Kawa (Japanese for river) model, developed by Japanese and Canadian rehabilitation professionals, presents an important and novel alternative to contemporary... more
The Kawa (Japanese for river) model, developed by Japanese and Canadian rehabilitation professionals, presents an important and novel alternative to contemporary 'Western' models of rehabilitation. Rather than focussing primarily on the individual client, the Kawa model focusses on 'contexts' that shape and influence the realities and challenges of peoples' dayto-day lives. The first substantial model of rehabilitation practice developed outside of the West illuminates the transactional quality of human-environment dynamics and the importance of inter-relations of self and others through the metaphor of a river's flow. The model's reflection of Eastern thought and views of nature presents a useful point of comparison to familiar rational and mechanical explanations of occupation and well-being. In this article, the rationale for an alternative model in rehabilitation is presented, followed by an explanation of the structure and concepts of the Kawa model. Implications for culturally responsive practice as well as the model's significance to the advancement of culturally safe rehabilitation worldwide are discussed.
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Informit is an online service offering a wide range of database and full content publication products that deliver the vast majority of Australasian scholarly research to the education, research and business sectors. Informit is the brand... more
Informit is an online service offering a wide range of database and full content publication products that deliver the vast majority of Australasian scholarly research to the education, research and business sectors. Informit is the brand that encompasses RMIT Publishing's online products ...
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We obtained a drug-hypersensitive PC12 mutant cell (PC12m3), in which neurite outgrowth was strongly stimulated by various drugs such as FK506, calcimycin and cAMP, under the condition of NGF treatment. The frequency of neurite outgrowth... more
We obtained a drug-hypersensitive PC12 mutant cell (PC12m3), in which neurite outgrowth was strongly stimulated by various drugs such as FK506, calcimycin and cAMP, under the condition of NGF treatment. The frequency of neurite outgrowth stimulated by FK506 was approximately 40 times greater than by NGF alone. The effects of FK506 on neurite outgrowth in PC12m3 cells were inhibited by rapamycin, an FK506 antagonist, and by calcimycin, a calcium ionophore. PC12m3 cells had a strong NGF-induced MAP kinase activity, the same as PC12 parental cells. However, FK506-induced MAP kinase activity was detected only in PC12m3 cells. The activation of MAP kinase by FK506 in PC12m3 cells was markedly inhibited by rapamicin and calcimycin. FK506-induced MAP kinase activity was also inhibited by MAP kinase inhibitor U0126. These results demonstrate that drug-hypersensitive PC12m3 cells have a novel FK506-induced MAP kinase pathway for neuritogenesis.
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In this panel and ensuing discussion, Japanese occupational scientists who have located their research in both Eastern and Western socio-cultural contexts present a series of papers that will critically challenge (early) perspectives... more
In this panel and ensuing discussion, Japanese occupational scientists who have located their research in both Eastern and Western socio-cultural contexts present a series of papers that will critically challenge (early) perspectives regarding how occupation is defined, comprehended and ultimately conceptualized. The grand narrative of occupation appears to have been framed and progressed within certain cultural norms that particularly privilege
Research Interests: East Asia and Indexation
In this panel and ensuing discussion, Japanese occupational scientists who have located their research in both Eastern and Western socio-cultural contexts present a series of papers that will critically challenge (early) perspectives... more
In this panel and ensuing discussion, Japanese occupational scientists who have located their research in both Eastern and Western socio-cultural contexts present a series of papers that will critically challenge (early) perspectives regarding how occupation is defined, comprehended and ultimately conceptualized. The grand narrative of occupation appears to have been framed and progressed within certain cultural norms that particularly privilege
Research Interests: East Asia and Indexation
We obtained a drug-hypersensitive PC12 mutant cell (PC12m3), in which neurite outgrowth was strongly stimulated by various drugs such as FK506, calcimycin and cAMP, under the condition of NGF treatment. The frequency of neurite outgrowth... more
We obtained a drug-hypersensitive PC12 mutant cell (PC12m3), in which neurite outgrowth was strongly stimulated by various drugs such as FK506, calcimycin and cAMP, under the condition of NGF treatment. The frequency of neurite outgrowth stimulated by FK506 was approximately 40 times greater than by NGF alone. The effects of FK506 on neurite outgrowth in PC12m3 cells were inhibited by rapamycin, an FK506 antagonist, and by calcimycin, a calcium ionophore. PC12m3 cells had a strong NGF-induced MAP kinase activity, the same as PC12 parental cells. However, FK506-induced MAP kinase activity was detected only in PC12m3 cells. The activation of MAP kinase by FK506 in PC12m3 cells was markedly inhibited by rapamicin and calcimycin. FK506-induced MAP kinase activity was also inhibited by MAP kinase inhibitor U0126. These results demonstrate that drug-hypersensitive PC12m3 cells have a novel FK506-induced MAP kinase pathway for neuritogenesis.
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Page 159. 147 Chapter 8 The Kawa (River) Model: Client centred rehabilitation in cultural context Michael K. Iwama INTRODUCTION Culture in rehabilitation is often regarded as an individual client matter rather than a fundamental ...
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During continuous culture of neural PC12 cells, we obtained a drug-hypersensitive PC12 mutant cell that showed high stimulation of neurite outgrowth by various drugs. When several Chinese medicines such as Shu-Jing-Huo-Xie-Tang and... more
During continuous culture of neural PC12 cells, we obtained a drug-hypersensitive PC12 mutant cell that showed high stimulation of neurite outgrowth by various drugs. When several Chinese medicines such as Shu-Jing-Huo-Xie-Tang and Wu-Ling-San were provided to these PC12 mutant cells, the frequency of nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth increased approximately 30-fold compared to NGF alone. Neurite outgrowth induced by NGF in PC12 cells is accompanied by sustained activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); however, these Chinese medicines did not induce MAPK activity. The findings thus indicate that certain Chinese medicines may induce neurite outgrowth by a novel mechanism which is distinct from the NGF-activated pathway in PC12 mutant cells.
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One of occupational therapy's core assumptions is that engagement in occupations influences well-being. Because occupational engagement is integral to human well-being, and because well-being is integral to... more
One of occupational therapy's core assumptions is that engagement in occupations influences well-being. Because occupational engagement is integral to human well-being, and because well-being is integral to human rights, this paper contends that the ability and opportunity to engage in occupations is an issue that concerns rights. To outline well-being and its centrality to human rights; to explore the relationships between well-being and occupation and between well-being and occupational rights; and to highlight the consequent imperative to engage in critical occupational therapy. The World Federation of Occupational Therapists asserts that all people have the right to participate in a range of occupations that enable them to flourish, fulfil their potential, and experience satisfaction congruent with their culture and beliefs; and further asserts the human right to equitable access to participation in occupation. If occupational therapists are to take seriously their espoused commitment to enabling equitable access to participation in occupation, the inequitable conditions of people's lives will need to be addressed. Critical occupational therapy is a committed form of practice which acknowledges that well-being cannot be achieved solely by enhancing individuals' abilities, and that consequently endeavours also to address the conditions of people's lives.