Savings, Investment and Landed Property

Review of Regional Studies

The objective of this note is to conduct a regional study of inequalities in the ownership of land assets among the households and the productivity levels in rural communities in India. The renewed interest in India’s problems of economic growth and distribution has been necessitated by the sequence of events that have taken place since the sixties. The study is based on a survey conducted by the Reserve Bank of India; entitled All India Survey of Rural Credit and Investment, 1971-72.

The Review of regional studies

Indian Journal of Dryland Agricultural Research and Development, 2015

CPPR Working Paper Series, 2010

"Land is seen as providing a vital economic and social foundation for development. In India, land scarcity poses a huge barrier to all infrastructural development. Its efficient utilization plays a key role in increasing our agricultural output, conversely related to the incomes of the majority of our populace. Since India‟s economy thrives primarily on agriculture, equitable distribution of land and secure land rights can be viewed as instrumental in empowering the urban and rural poor; to enable them to meet ongoing changes posed by a rapidly globalizing world. A major concern of citizens today stems from the lack of availability and inflated prices of land; the residual effect of which is lack of availability of land for housing, developmental and economic activities. Is it land scarcity or the mismanagement of land available that has led to this; two pivotal questions policy makers must address in seeking solutions for this crisis. The premise of this paper rests on the belief that if land that has been locked in litigation by the government for over 30 years is systematically evaluated and released into the free market, post allocating land out of this total, to engage in housing development activity undertaken by the State itself on a welfare-cum-profit motive, it could perhaps aid in combating the present housing crisis in our country. The given illustration would better elaborate this. India‟s present land area is 807,684,813 acres (eight hundred seven million six hundred eighty four thousand eight hundred thirteen), which includes all types of land, since the „quality‟ of land has no bearing on the construction of housing. The land area locked under litigation is 1,150,728 acres (one million one hundred fifty thousand seven hundred twenty eight), which is 0.14 per cent of the total land area. Currently there is a requirement for 32 million units of housing, includes both urban and rural. Since the plinth of the largest low-income house as per national norms is 350 sq.ft, the total area required to construct them horizontally is 257,116 acres. If the land that is released were to be used for the purpose of construction of these houses, it would leave a remainder of 893,612 acres. Out of this, if we were to take for roads, common areas etc. an equal amount of land to that which has gone into construction of the housing, then it would lead to the utilization of 514,232 acres. The remaining land measuring 636,496 acres would, hence, be a surplus."

IAEME PUBLICATION, 2020

Housing delivery is a major challenge to most developing nations and to facilitate housing, the Government has repeatedly intervened through policies to promote housing especially in urban areas. This paper focuses on land policies and how they impact housing markets by studying the case of Noida – am emerging urban centre in the suburbs of Delhi, the capital of India. In order to facilitate housing delivery, Noida changed its land policy to promote private developers in undertaking delivery of housing projects. The study is based on the evaluation of the approaches under the policy and the impact that they had in land access and ultimately housing delivery and issues that arose as a consequence of the policies. This paper undertakes a study of the provisions of the land policies, analyses the impact of the policies against parameters relevant for the housing markets. The results indicate that the policy had a pro-developer approach and ensured increase in housing supply to cater to the shortage but the approach eventually led to increased relaxations to enable developers access to vital urban land and failed to ensure land cost recoveries, buyer protection and timely deliveries of the housing project. The land policy thus became a tool for builders to attract investments and speculated housing markets which also benefitted the Authorities, the pole bearers for housing delivery to its citizens, based housing on market forces. The result has been that deliveries have been poor with builders have incomplete and also abandoned projects. The study highlights the need to critically think and assess land policies with the focus of ensuring delivery to the buyer as is being promoted through recent interventions and modifications in the real estate Act.

http://www.scie.org.au/ The comparisons of labour and land productivity indices for the twenty-seven districts of the state and also in terms of growth rates are presented The extent of labour and land productivity has been measured on the Y/L vertical axis and Y/A horizontal axis respectively. Broadly three distinct scatters or paths extending out from the origin can be observed: (a) the first scatter or path' indicated by a group of districts namely, Belgaum, Shimoga, Bijapur, Bagalkot, Bidar, Mandya and Kodagu, where the extent of relationship between both productivities is highly favourable, (b) the second scatter is indicated by the districts of Chitradurga, Davangere, Chikamaglur, Hassan, Mysore, Chamarajnagar, Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Bellary, where the extent of relationship between labour and land productivity has not been so favourable, and (c) the third path is indicated by the remaining districts of the state where the relative productivity indices are far below the above two extremes. These relationships may further be visualized and each path seems to reflect the long-run process of productivity variations in respect of Labour and Land Output in each district which represents a part of certain region in the state.

Land

A rapid increase in land and property values has been one of the driving forces of urban ecosystem development in many countries. This phenomenon has presented project proponents/policymakers with multiple options and associated challenges, nudging them to configure or incorporate elements of land-based financing in their policies and legislations. Specifically, the Government of India and various state governments have sought to monetize land through diverse instruments, for augmenting the financial viability of infrastructure and area development projects. This paper compares Indian central and state infrastructure policies/acts with regard to land monetization strategies. The analysis indicates that policies and legislations are taking a turn towards promoting land monetization mechanisms as a financing tool for cities and project implementation agencies. However, the approach is cautiously used and implementation is often seen to fall behind actual project timelines. Based on th...