COMMENTARIES References Cited Berlin, Brent, and Paul Kay 1969 Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution. Berkeley: University of California Press. De Valois, Russell L., and Karen K. De Valois 1993 A Multi-Stage Color Model. Vision Research 33:1053-1065. Duesberg, Peter 1996 Inventing the AIDS Virus. Washington, DC: Regnery. Gladstone, William E. 1858 Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age. London: Oxford University Press. Hardin, C. L., and Luisa Maffi, eds. 1997 Color Categories in Thought and Language. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Kay, Paul, and Brent Berlin 1997 There Are Non-Trivial Constraints on Color Categorization. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20:196-202. Kay, Paul, and Luisa Maffi 1999 Color Appearance and the Emergence and Evolution of Basic Color Lexicons. American Anthropologist 101:743-760. Saunders, Barbara A. C , and J. van Brakel 1997 Are There Non-Trivial Constraints on Colour Categorization? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20:167-228. Thomson, Evan 1995 Colour Vision: A Study in Cognitive Science and the Philosophy of Perception. London and New York: Routledge. 323 Reply to Hardin & Maffi and Kay BARBARA SAUNDERS Institute of Philosophy University of Leuven, Belgium It might be objected that commentators should not examine the background assumptions of a theory, but merely adopt an "internal" critical approach to "normal science." However, the conceptual separation of a discipline and its philosophy or historiography can only be maintained if empirical research is held to be free from or "uncontaminated" by metaphysical issues, on the one hand, while philosophy or historiography are regarded merely as '\inderlabourers" secondary to, and parasitic upon, the work of science. If this conception is rejected, then one must conclude that both empirical analysis and theory involve inherently philosophical and historiographic endeavors. Various anthropologists (e.g., Tambiah, Geertz, and Needham) have acknowledged the point. I have been trying to make it with respect to the Berlin and Kay program.