Jodi L Sandford

Table of Contents Introduction 9 The Simple Present Tense 11 The Cinema 13 «Deloitte Breaks Glass Ceiling» 16 «Advertising In Video Games» 19 Word Order 23 «The American Cultural Invasion» 25 Present Simple Question Forms 30 «Spanish Siestas» 32 «Cola Wars» 36 ...

Page 1. FONDAZIONE «GIORGIO RONCHI» - CVI - LUCIA R. RONCHI AND JODI SANDFORD TRADITIONAL VOCABULARY OF ITALIAN CUISINE AND OF ITS COLOR Via San Felice a Ema 20 50125 Firenze, Italia http://ronchi.isti.cnr.it Firenze 2010 Page 2. Page 3. ...

The aim of this paper is to illustrate a methodology used to construct a radial network based on family resemblances or on semantic components that allows one to visualize and measure the relationship between a specific set of words through the use of GraphColl (Brezina et al. 2015). Bagli (2018) successfully used it to visualize the interrelated network of categorial associations in the domain of Taste with the participation of Native Speakers; while Sandford used the tool to visualize the semantic relationships that hold between a set of Manner Of Speaking Verbs in English. In both cases, the authors uploaded the informant responses in a .txt file to the collocation software GraphColl, and then verified the correlation strength of the judged components by considering Mutual Information as a statistical measure. The results illustrated through the software reveal a visually communicative graph that allows us to understand the correlations that are also fully verifiable through various statistical measures

... Page 16. Jodi L. Sandford 734 establish the focus of a linguistic expression. ... 70-75. Wooten B. and D. Miller, 1997, “The Psychophysics of Color”, in CL Hardin and L. Maffi (eds.), Color Categories in Thought and Language, Cambridge UP, Cambridge, pp. 59-89. ...

The lexical frame of color as a primary experience is often used to exemplify linguistic theories and yet there is still a lack of a cognitive color model. Cognitive linguistics establishes meaning in a central role through the ideas of embodied experience and cognitive models that are evinced through usage-based analysis. I present the fifth type of distinction in a conceptual mapping of color in English; four types have been presented earlier in Sandford (2010, 2011a and 2011b). The new part of this mapping is Conceptual Color Metonymy, based on one hundred random examples of each of six basic color terms extracted from the Corpus of Contemporary American English. An idealized cognitive model of conceptual color metonymy mapping reveals primary conceptual correlations in experience, and the predominant conceptualization mechanism pattern that emerged from this study is color attribute (is access) for conceptual space.

Do different methodologies or experimental protocols used to investigate one semantic frame reveal the same conceptualization processes? Or better, can results of empirical linguistic analyses be compared to understand the conceptual grounding of a specific linguistic frame in a given language? This chapter proposes a re-analysis of two different experimental protocols used to verify the linguistic construal of seeing/color in English. A total of eight different implicit association tests were elaborated to understand the entrenchment of the color categories: black, white, yellow, blue, red, green, brown and grey; dark and light. Here I juxtapose the results of a previous analysis I had conducted using a different methodology. The previous investigation used a polar association of positive/negative assessment of metonymic and metaphoric linguistic expressions, using the same basic color categories, with reaction time latencies as a marker of the degree of facility of processing. Resulting from the comparison of these two different approaches the aim is to understand: (1) the complementary aspects, such as conscious processing and implicit attitudes; (2) the degree of interdependence of analyses levels in linguistic understanding of a given semantic frame; and (3) the cultural linguistic construal a group of informants employ to draw meaning from the linguistic terms in given settings. I argue that similar underlying image schemas such as space: verticality (up-down) and distance (near-far); scale: quantity (more-less); container: in-out; force: strong-weak; identity: matching interact with metaphoric/metonymic conceptualization for light, seeing, and color, e.g. seeing is light, knowing is seeing , seeing is color; and for good: good is light, good is seeing, good is color, and good is up, which emerge from these experimental results.

Table of Contents Introduction 9 The Simple Present Tense 11 The Cinema 13 «Deloitte Breaks Glass Ceiling» 16 «Advertising In Video Games» 19 Word Order 23 «The American Cultural Invasion» 25 Present Simple Question Forms 30 «Spanish Siestas» 32 «Cola Wars» 36 ...

Manner-of-Speaking verb research has stemmed from the need to verify the elaboration of Manner in verb roots in the conceptual frame of speaking. Manner is expressed differently depending on the typology of the language, when considering a satellite-framed language like English, much research has been dedicated to the frame of Motion, and less to that of Speaking. This paper proposes to verify entrenchment of Manner components in Manner-of-Speaking verbs for native English speakers. The verification process is conducted through a series of online questionnaires that ask respondents to identify Manner components for a series of Speaking verbs. The objective is to analyze a group of randomized verbs to confirm the psychological reality of Manner for each verb entry, to compare the results to our previous hypothesis, and to corroborate the clustering of the distinguishing components according to respondent judgment and agreement.

Humans constantly apply a bilateral system of colour interpretation: that of light and pigment. The objective of these experiments/installations was to verify White’s illusion in a comparison between three basic colour food colouring in water contrasts and three natural tea colour contrasts. The illusion involves changes in the lightness of a colour test element that interrupts a dark or a light bar of a darklight square wave grating. In Experiment 1 we used three different basic colours of food colouring in water compared with Experiment 2, where we used natural teas. We proposed a three dimensional structure, composed of glass jars containing the coloured liquids. The transparency of the container allows for a complex pigment light interaction. Typically illusion experiments have been visualised with pigments on paper. The use of coloured liquids in a three dimensional structure created the same effect as the Munker White illusion; lightness or colour assimilation occurred in these multidimensional versions.

... Color Change Positive Result Color Change Positive Result Blue> Yellow 2/4 Yellow> Blue 1/3 Red> Green 1/3 Green> White 1/1 Red> White 1/2– Purple> White 1/1 White> Purple 1/1 Yellow> Purple 1/1– Gray> Brown 1/1 Brown> Pink 1/2 –Brown> Orange 1 ... Tornquist, Jorrit. ...

In this paper, I consider the satellite-framed language English, and how a network of Manner components conflated in the verb roots correlate in the Speaking event. I model a radial network of the components that have been judged as pertinent by native respondents. It becomes evident that the Effect on the Hearer is constrained by the Speaker’s Intention and the Speaker’s Attitude, but how do the other Manner components behave? The further objective of this study is to verify how the semantic-pragmatic and physical-auditory verb component Manner information interfaces to reveal the category structure. To understand this, I selected two groups of verbs belonging to opponent Manner of Speaking verb attitudes: “friendly” and “critical”. Each group consists in eleven verbs. I evaluate the verb assessment of ten respondents for the set of verbs and correlate the various distinguishing aspects that emerge through the application of GraphColl.