2020 US presidential election

The 2020 presidential campaign was plagued by charges of voter fraud both before and after the election took place. While past literature finds that electoral losers are most likely to express misgivings about election integrity, little else is known about the characteristics of individuals who exhibit these beliefs or how the beliefs have changed over time. Employing national surveys from 2012, 2016, 2018, and 2020, we examine the levels of pre-election expectations of fraud in the event of an electoral loss over time, as well as the individual-level correlates of beliefs in a range of election-related conspiracy theories prominent in 2020. Our analysis reveals that beliefs in election fraud are common and stable across time, and only occasionally relate to partisanship. Moreover, we find that, even accounting for the influence of partisan motivated reasoning, several psychological orientations––conspiracy thinking, anomie, dark triad personality traits, and denialism––play a unique role in promoting perceptions of voter fraud.

Özet
İletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelere paralel olarak dijitalleşen dünya düzeninde her alanda olduğu gibi reklamcılık uygulamalarında da siyasi aktörlerin sosyal medya mecralarından sıkça yararlandığı görülmektedir. Dünyayı etkisi altına alan pandemi sürecinin varlığı zaten süregelen dijitalleşme serüvenini daha da hızlandırmakta, her sektörde olduğu gibi reklamcılık temelli gerçekleştirilen uygulama ve stratejilerde de dijital ortamların kullanımının yoğun bir biçimde arttığı göze çarpmaktadır. Belirli bir alt yapı dâhilinde ve ikna temelli kurgulanan siyasal reklam mesajları günümüzde çoğunlukla geniş hedef kitlelere ulaşırken sosyal medya mecralarında kendisine yer bulmaktadır. Özellikle alt yapı kurgusu ve kullanım amacı nedeniyle siyasi aktörler tarafından en çok tercih edilen sosyal medya mecralarından biri olarak Youtube’un öne çıktığı bilinmektedir. Bu çerçevede, tüm dünyanın takip ettiği 3 Kasım 2020 Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Başkanlık seçiminde başkan adaylarının (Joe Biden ve Donald J. Trump) resmi Youtube kanalları aracılığıyla yayınladıkları reklamlar incelenmeye değer görülmüş ve adayların yayınladıkları reklamlar tür bazında içerik analizine tâbi tutulmuştur. Gerçekleştirilen analizler neticesinde özellikle siyasal iletişim literatürüne katkı sunması beklenen önemli sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre, Donald J. Trump ve Joe Biden’ın resmi Youtube kanallarında yayınladıkları reklamlarda tek bir siyasal reklam türü kullanmayı tercih etmedikleri görülmüştür. İnceleme konusu olan reklamlara bakıldığında her iki adayın da aynı reklam içerisinde hem pozitif hem de negatif siyasal reklam türüne ait örneklere yer verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu veriler doğrultusunda karma siyasal reklam türü olarak tanımlayabileceğimiz yeni bir reklam türünün mevcudiyeti ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bağlamda, iktidarda bulunan Donald J. Trump’ın pozitif siyasal reklam türünü daha yoğun kullanması beklenirken negatif siyasal reklam türüne, negatif siyasal reklam türünü daha yoğun kullanması beklenen Joe Biden’ın ise pozitif reklam türüne ağırlık verdiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bir diğer farklılaşma ise reaktif ve proaktif siyasal reklam türü kullanımlarında dikkat çekmiştir. Buna göre reaktif siyasal reklam türünü sadece Donald J. Trump tercih ederken, proaktif siyasal reklam türünü her iki tarafın da birbirine benzer oranda tercih ettikleri belirlenmiştir.

Abstract
In the digitalizing world order, parallel to advances in networking technology, it is apparent that political players also profit from social media platforms in advertising applications, as in any field. The emergence of a global pandemic process accelerates the current digitalization adventure ever further, and it is noted that the use of digital technology has risen dramatically in advertising-based applications and techniques, as in any industry. While political advertising messages, designed through a certain infrastructure and focused on persuasion, usually hit broad target markets, they find their place in social media networks. For this cause, it is recognized that Youtube stands out as one of the most preferred social media platforms for political actors. In this sense, the ads published by the presidential candidates (Joe Biden and Donald J. Trump) via official Youtube channels in the presidential election of the United States of America on 3 November 2020, followed by the world as a whole, were considered worthy of consideration, and the ads published by the candidates were subject to content review on the basis of type. Important findings have been collected from analyzes that are intended to add to the literature on political communication. The findings reveal that Donald J. Trump and Joe Biden did not choose to advertise on official Youtube platforms by using a particular kind of political advertisement. In view of the advertising being investigated, it was found that in a single advertisement, both candidates included examples of positive and negative campaign messaging. According to the results, a new kind of advertisement has been discovered, which can be described as a mixed type of political advertising. In these conditions, the ruling Donald J. Trump is supposed to more intensively use the positive type of political advertising, instead, it was noted that he uses the negative type of political marketing more. On the opposite, it has been discovered that Joe Biden, who is supposed to use the negative type of political advertisement more intensively, focuses on the positive type of advertising. In the use of reactive and constructive political ads, another distinction has attracted notice. Consequently, although Donald J. Trump favored only the reactive form of political ads, the proactive type of political advertising at equal rates was preferred by both sides.

#Rothschilds, #Soros, Council on Foreign Relations #CFR, and US #MainstreamMedia http://www.youtu.be/3sGs8eFld1U <+>  http://www.youtu.be/3sGs8eFld1U <+> https://politicalvelcraft.org/2014/01/27/rothschilds-council-on-foreign-relations-controls-u-s-corporate-media-propaganda/  <+> https://freedom.social/nf-DonMashak/post/75595 @realDonaldTrump #Military @DrTurleyTalks #Miltia #2A #Conservative #MNCD6 @USSupremeCourt @MNCourts #MAGA @ScottPresler @AmyMek u/LisaHaven #Boomers #Millennials #GenZ #College #YellowVest

Resumen:
Este artículo debate los límites de la libertad de expresión y los procesos de censura punitiva a raíz de las manifestaciones de fraude electoral durante las elecciones presidenciales de los Estados Unidos en 2020. Utilizando testimonios de 20 personas de origen latino radicadas en dicho país que fueron vetadas de usar sus redes sociales en este contexto, se argumenta que la censura ejercida por las grandes compañías de la información representa una violación al derecho fundamental de la libertad de expresión, y que los grupos a favor de estos procesos han interpretado la paradoja de la tolerancia de Karl Popper de manera superficial y selectiva.

Abstract:
This paper debates free speech and its limits, using the censorship imposed by Big Tech companies on those who claimed voter fraud in the aftermath of the 2020 US Presidential Election. By contrasting 20 testimonies provided by latino minorities in the US that were censored and canceled, it is argued that Big Tech companies are violating the fundamental right of freedom of speech, and that those who support the censoring have a superficial understanding of the tolerance paradox proposed by Karl Popper.

America has reached a critical moment in history. The strategic decision it takes now will determine its future--and the future of the world--for the next century. But will it retreat into mediocrity, or breakthrough into unparalleled greatness? This paper provides a unique perspective on this matter, because it employs a general dynamic theory--that I've been developing over the past 50 years--rather than the usual guesswork and speculation. This theory shows that America currently is in a precarious situation. Not because of temporary crises like COVID-19 or the Great Lockdown, or the spike in social unrest sparked by black deaths, but because of changes taking place deep in the dynamic mechanism of societal progress. The dynamic strategy America has been pursuing since the mid-20th century entered a phase of exhaustion around the year 2000. Without immediate and decisive action, this new phase of relative stagnation in economic growth will turn into absolute stagnation and decline, which in turn will intensify the existing divisions in society. America desperately needs to develop a new dynamic strategy that can take a leading role in driving the new global technological paradigm shift that I call the Solar Revolution. This paper outlines how this transformation can be achieved. Since I wrote "America's critical choice", Joe Biden has defeated Donald Trump at the November 2020 Presidential election. What impact will this critical choice have on America's future? See my more recent paper "America makes its critical choice" for the answer.

My generation, Generation Y, otherwise known as the Millennial generation, is conventionally believed to embrace Left-wing politics more than previous generations. 2020 will mark the first presidential election in which the youngest generation, Generation Z, can vote. This makes Generation Z an important demographic for the social science community to study in order to gain an understanding of their beliefs. Though little research has been done on Generation Z, existing research (much of which is from the Pew Research Center) shows that Generation Z has very similar political views as Generation Y. One gap in this research is that this mostly reflects their views on social issues, but not so much economic issues. I conducted a survey to determine how the economic views of Generations Y and Z compare. Of the sample population surveyed, Generation Z agreed with Leftist economic analysis 5% more than Generation Y, which is a slight but arguably significant difference.

Once the Kremlin is persuaded that Joe Biden will become the US’s next president, it will go for the jugular. Already today, not election manipulation, but triggering civil conflicts in the United States may be the main aim of Moscow’s interference into American domestic affairs.

2020 sind etwa 220 Millionen US-Amerikaner zur Wahl des 46. Präsidenten aufgerufen und spätestens seit Ende 2019 läuft der Wahlkampf dazu, der nun in der Schlussphase angelangt ist. Das Wahljahr 2020 war geprägt von zahlreichen Krisen, allen voran der Corona-Pandemie. Wie verliefen Wahlkampfstrategien und die Berichterstattung dazu in diesem Sommer in den USA?

I’m especially struck by the wide gap between the surface of the election drama— the polls, the policy positions, race relations–and the election’s structural underpinnings, or background conditions. While they may not completely determine the outcomes, they certainly delimit the spectrum of possibility, yet they are of course never discussed openly. The most important of these background conditions comes to us from Polanyi: We’re performing a democratic ritual against the underlying reality of a basic incompatibility between capitalism and democracy. And at some point—under certain conditions, but not inevitably—that incompatibility may well be resolved by a capitalist accommodation with fascism. That possibility is heightened by the fact that we’re performing this post-democratic ritual in the context of the most hypercapitalist oligarchic regime in recent American history, which has already moved far along the continuum to an autocracy. We’re not there yet, but we’re on the spectrum.

2021 serves as an interesting transition year. A transition on a number of fronts; from Trump to President Biden, the future of American Democracy, what is the Republican party, achieving racial equity or slamming the door on racial equity, just to name a few of the significant transitional situations developing out of the past 5 years. How will 2021 develop and start to address the underlying question surrounding our entire discourse, is America beyond repair after Donald Trump? To further assess how we move from this point, let’s start with the Republican party and the effects of Donald Trump and the lurch towards a zero-sum vision of Republican politics.

This is a book description of the second edition (2021) of my book on the Electoral College. This second edition includes a new chapter on the 2020 election, showing how the Electoral College mechanism made possible the unprecedented chaos and violence of the 2020-21 electoral battles. This new edition also contains a revised and expanded chapter on proposed constitutional and statutory reforms, incorporating lessons learned from the 2020 and other presidential elections.

US Election 2020 – How Much Longer? https://donmashakshennepincountymnfreepressnews.wordpress.com/2021/02/22/us-election-2020-how-much-longer-elecciones-estadounidenses-de-2020-cuanto-mas-tiempo/ @JoeBiden #McConnell #Murkowski #Globalist #RINO #TYRANNY #Election2020 #ElectionFraud #Military #LawEnforcement #Militia #2A #Gun @DrTurleyTalks @DougTenNapel #Conservative #Liberal #Progressive #MNCD6 #MNGOP @USSupremeCourt @MNCourts #MAGA @ScottPresler @AmyMek @jstines3 @LisaHaven @LrHendry @BeforeItsNews @Parler_App #X22Report @JudgeJeanine @WayneDupreeShow @PrisonPlanet #TEAParty #Boomers #GenX #Millennials #GenZ #Teen #College #HighSchool #FFA #VoTech #Constitution #NaturalLaw #NaturalRights #Sedition #Treason #Police #Trump #CounterRevolution #YellowVest #YellowVests

La democrazia costituzionale più antica del mondo, diciamo la verità, non ha dato in queste ultime elezioni una bella prova di sé. Se non fosse che si tratta degli Stati Uniti, ossia della prima potenza economica del mondo, con ogni probabilità quel sistema sarebbe indicato come esempio di democrazia al collasso. C'è di che riflettere per tutti.

On the announcement of Donald Trump's Presidential victory in November 2016, I published a paper entitled "The triumph of Trump and the failure of the intellectuals". I argued that the rise of Trump to power and the failure of the intellectuals in the media and academia to predict this momentous event, had similar origins. The failure of orthodox social scientists to develop a general dynamic theory of human society had not only contributed to the economic conditions (through flawed policy advice) that Trump exploited, but also to their inability to envisage this eventuality. My 2016 paper attempted to explain these outcomes in terms of the exhaustion of America's old dynamic strategy, the resulting rise in strategic frustration, and the critical need to find an elusive replacement dynamic strategy. This was based on my 'dynamic-strategy theory' and historical examination. In the current paper I expand on this explanation, review Trump's term as President, evaluate his re-election prospects, and discuss the implications for America's future. I conclude that America is at an historical crossroad and that its future is precariously placed.
Since I wrote this paper, Donald Trump has been defeated by Joe Biden at the November 2020 Presidential election. What impact will this have on America's future? See my latest paper "America makes its choice of futures! But will it catch the next great wave of history?".

#VIDEO > X22Report: 6JAN2021 Comes Into Focus, Patriots Prepare To Make Their Move! https://beforeitsnews.com/opinion-conservative/2020/12/x22report-jan-6th-comes-into-focus-patriots-prepare-to-make-their-move-must-video-3559118.html #10MINDC #Election2020 #ElectionFraud @realDonaldTrump #Military @DrTurleyTalks #Miltia #2A #Conservative #MNCD6 #MNGOP @USSupremeCourt @MNCourts #MAGA @ScottPresler @AmyMek @LisaHaven @WayneDupreeShow #Boomers #GenX #Millennials #GenZ #College #HighSchool #YellowVest

BREAKING! PA Judge Rules Election #unconstitutional! Effectively Gives State to TRUMP! https://youtu.be/wMQ9a2mlsRw #thanksgiving #election2020 #blexit #electionfraud #qanon #miltia #2a #gop #mncd6 #mngop #conservative @AmyMek Lisa Haven #maga @MNCourts @USSupremeCourt @AmyMek @ScottPresler @realDonaldTrump #boomers #genz #millennials #yellowvests

This little exploratory study for a congregation, written in 2004, has been slightly tweaked and enlarged in 2020. The original study had no footnotes! The motivation to do this came from i) the COVID pandemic which has imposed necessary restrictions on congregations assembling and therefore a  ‘collective silence’ when it comes to singing; and ii) the reference to the hymn On Eagle’s Wings, by President-elect of the United States of America, Joe Biden, on November 8, 2020.

The Mont Order has held online audio conferences since February 2015. This is a brief summary of the points of agreement from the conference on June 13, 2020, 18:00-19:43 GMT. Mont is an informal society of writers and networks based in different countries who collaborate to broaden their influence. To date, this has been achieved mainly through the internet.

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde, Cumhuriyetçi ve Demokrat Parti adayları arasında dört yılda bir gerçekleşen Başkanlık seçimleri, sadece ülkede değil, tüm dünyada takip edilen önemli bir siyasal süreçtir. Bu çalışmanın temel çıkış noktası iki parti arasındaki örgütsel ve ideolojik farklılıkların, ABD Başkanlık münazaralarında adayların söylem biçiminin inşasında etkili olduğu savıdır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde, 22 Ekim 2020 tarihinde gerçekleşen, son başkanlık münazarasında tartışılan Covid-19 salgını, ulusal güvenlik, ekonomi, göç, ırk ve iklim değişikliği konularında adayların konuşmaları, siyasal iletişim alanında gerçekleştirilen söylem analizi çalışmalarında genellikle kullanan bir model olan Fairclough'un tanımlama, yorumlama ve sosyal analiz boyutlarından oluşan eleştirel söylem çözümlemesi modeli bağlamında incelenmiştir. Metinsel analiz sonucunda, iki adayın, konuşmalarında kullandıkları kelimeler ve cümlelerin kendi politika ve seçim vaatlerini geçerli kılma amaçlı olumlu, rakibini eleştirme amaçlı olumsuz bir yapıda olduğu saptanmıştır. Yorumlayıcı analiz sonucunda, Biden'ın genellikle dramatik öyküler kurgulayarak derinlik oluşturma; Trump'ın genelde düşman tasarımları oluşturarak yüklemleme ve kendi politikalarını çeşitli gerekçelerle meşrulaştırarak uslamlama stratejisi uyguladığı tespit edilmiştir. Sosyal analiz sonucunda ise, münazarada iki adayın söylem biçiminin inşasında toplumsal yapı, tarihsel olaylar ve güncel siyasetin etkisi olmakla birlikte, adayların bağlı olduğu partilerin ideolojik ve örgütsel farklılıklarının söylemin sosyo-kültürel arka planının inşasında belirleyici olduğu saptanmıştır.

Comités de correspondencia: 1 solución al fraude Elección 2020 https://donmashakshennepincountymnfreepressnews.wordpress.com/2021/02/06/committees-of-correspondence-of-the-american-founders-before-and-during-the-american-revolution-1-0-comites-de-correspondencia/?theme_preview=true&iframe=true&frame-nonce=967bb6074c
@JoeBiden #McConnell #Murkowski #Globalist #RINO #TYRANNY #Election2020 #ElectionFraud #Military #LawEnforcement #Militia #SuperBowl @SuperBowl #SuperBowlWeeknd  #2A #Gun @DrTurleyTalks #Conservative #Liberal #Progressive #MNCD6 #MNGOP @USSupremeCourt @MNCourts #MAGA @ScottPresler @AmyMek @jstines3 @LisaHaven @LrHendry @BeforeItsNews @Parler_App #X22Report @JudgeJeanine @WayneDupreeShow @PrisonPlanet #TEAParty #Boomers #GenX #Millennials #GenZ #Teen #College #HighSchool #FFA #VoTech #10MinDC #Constitution #NaturalLaw #NaturalRights #Sedition #Treason #Police #Trump #CounterRevolution #YellowVest #YellowVests

Noam Chomsky, the renowned public intellectual and a life-long critic of USA’s foreign and defence policies of imperial interventions in other countries, made a very perceptive remark once that the difference between a Democratic and Republican Presidency is marginal but because USA is a hugely powerful economic and military power, even the marginal difference is of massive significance for the world and America. In the 2020 Presidential contest, however, the difference between the Republican Trump and the Democratic Biden was more than mere marginal, and the victory of Biden is, therefore, of even greater significance than any Democratic victory in the past including perhaps Obama victory in 2008.

The world watched the American presidential elections carefully. In the presidential elections, the turnout rate was quite high (around 67 %). The candidate of Democrats Joe Biden took the lead and became the forty-sixth President of the United States. Whether the Biden administration will be able to solve the problem of social polarization in America and revive the liberal international order after the revolutionary Trump era that produced destructive effects will be the main  issue which will be deeply debated in the upcoming weeks.

Elecciones estadounidenses de 2020: ¿cuánto más tiempo? https://donmashakshennepincountymnfreepressnews.wordpress.com/2021/02/22/us-election-2020-how-much-longer-elecciones-estadounidenses-de-2020-cuanto-mas-tiempo/ @JoeBiden #McConnell #Murkowski #Globalist #RINO #TYRANNY #Election2020 #ElectionFraud #Military #LawEnforcement #Militia #2A #Gun @DrTurleyTalks @DougTenNapel #Conservative #Liberal #Progressive #MNCD6 #MNGOP @USSupremeCourt @MNCourts #MAGA @ScottPresler @AmyMek @jstines3 @LisaHaven @LrHendry @BeforeItsNews @Parler_App #X22Report @JudgeJeanine @WayneDupreeShow @PrisonPlanet #TEAParty #Boomers #GenX #Millennials #GenZ #Teen #College #HighSchool #FFA #VoTech #Constitution #NaturalLaw #NaturalRights #Sedition #Treason #Police #Trump #CounterRevolution #YellowVest #YellowVests

#Rockefeller Vs. #Locke aka #Progressive Globalist Insurgency #Tyanny vs #NaturalLaw (USA is founded upon) https://freedom.social/nf-DonMashak/p... @realDonaldTrump #Military @DrTurleyTalks #Miltia #2A #Conservative #MNCD6 @USSupremeCourt @MNCourts #MAGA @ScottPresler @AmyMek @LisaHaven #Boomers #Millennials #GenZ #College #YellowVest