Amenhotep II

Publication du papyrus Bibliothèque Nationale n°202, qui constitue le début du «Papyrus d'Astarté», contenant un conte mythologique qui relate le conflit entre les dieux égyptiens et la mer. Les premières lignes du conte permettent de placer la rédaction de l'histoire sous le règne d'Amenhotep II et de mieux comprendre la portée de ce texte littéraire, qui emprunte nombre de traits à la mythologie proche-orientale, dans le contexte général de l'introduction des dieux asiatiques en Égypte, largement favorisée par ce roi. Une nouvelle traduction de l'ensemble du conte est proposée.

ABSTRACT: This lecture focuses on the reigns of Amenhotep II and Thutmose IV, during which Egypt consolidates its empire in and administration of Canaan. The first half focuses on Amenhotep II, covering some issues of his co-regency with Thutmose III, some solutions, and the texts, translations, details, and discussion of Amenhotep II's campaigns in years 3, 7, and 9, including royal and private sources regarding these campaigns. The Tanaach Letters are noted in potential relation to Amenhotep II's campaigns into Canaan. Further coverage is given of the cessation of war with Mitanni and beginning of peace late in Amenhotep II's reign. The overview of his reign concludes with a look at domestic affairs, including some building projects (e.g., Karnak Temple), his legacy (especially in contrast to Thutmose III), and his royal burial complex (mortuary temple and tomb).  The lecture concludes with an examination of Thutmose IV's reign: His parentage, an unexpected succession to the throne, his Dream Stela at Giza (Great Sphinx: Hormachis), legitimizing or explaining his succession, extra piety and patronage applied to the Memphite cults (including Harmachis: Great Sphinx), increased peaceful relations and marriage alliance with Mitanni, some repression of rebellions within Egypt's Canaanite empire, consolidation of Egyptian administration and control of vassal states in Syria-Palestine (i.e., 3 provinces: Canaan; Upe; Amurru), a campaign to Nubia to quell a rebellion, and relations with South Sinai (Serabit el-Khadim) and Punt. The lecture provides some coverage of his domestic works, such as the Memphite region, Karnak Temple, and his mortuary complex. A later lecture on New Kingdom royal tombs concentrates on Thutmose IV's tomb and surviving furnishings. UPDATED: new formatting, edits, and some new text (Feb., 2021).

I am proposing the final answer to the question of millennia who the Pharaoh of the Exodus was by establishing common grounds between primary evidence in the religious texts and historical material. Using this approach I also explored some other significant characters of the story. The reader should see the overwhelming evidence disclosing the major characters and events of the story. Thereby, ultimately, we will be able to witness the historicity of the Exodus major events as described in the Holy scripts.

Solomon's father-in-law is shown to have been 18 th-Dynasty Thutmose III, who captured and burned Gezer and presented it to his daughter, Solomon's bride, as a wedding present. The reign of Hatshepsut, aunt/stepmother to Thutmose III, possibly overlapped with Solomon's early reign for a few years (although she was not the Queen of Sheba). Arguments that Shishak was Rameses II are shown to be flawed. A difference of about 470 years between the biblical and secular chronologies at the time of Solomon is therefore postulated. This moves all post-Thutmose III history forward into the first millennium bc.

A black-varnished coffin brought by Ippolito Rosellini to Florence (Museo Egizio, inv. no. 9477), found during the excavations made in the Theban necropolis by the Franco-Tuscan Expedition, bears the name of a God’s Father Qenamon. The presence of the title it-nTr, not followed by any divine name, in association with the name Qenamon, and the dating of the Florence coffin to Dynasty 18 suggested a possible connection with the owner of TT 93, Qenamon, Chief Steward of Perunefer and foster-brother of Amenhotep II (Betrò 2013a). This paper gives a detailed description of the case and its texts, and examines the proposed attribution in the light of Rosellini’s notes about the intact tombs the Expedition found in the Theban necropolis and the available data on Qenamun, his tomb and his known objects.

L’examen de la stèle de Minhotep Houtoutou (Musée du Caire 17/5/25/7 [S.R. 12041]) et la confrontation avec un passage du papyrus Ermitage 1116-B verso, (38)-(39), permettent d’assurer que Minhotep Houtoutou fut bien un contemporain d’Amenhotep III et qu’il participa même à l’un des jubilés du roi. Il en résulte que le papyrus du pErmitage 1116-B verso est plus récent que le règne d’Amenhotep II auquel il a toujours été attribué, ce que confirme la présence d’un cartouche de Thoutmosis IV au lieu de celui reconnu jusqu’à présent comme appartenant à Thoutmosis III aux lignes (61) et (66). Minhotep pourrait également être le père du grand pontife d’Amon sous Toutânkhamon Parennefer / Ounennefer dont la tombe thébaine a été retrouvée en 1990 par Fr. Kampp et K. Seyfried et être apparenté à l’intendant Sennefer dont la tombe, située au pied de la falaise du Bubasteïon a été localisée et fouillée par A.-P. Zivie.

The study of the stela of Minhotep Hututu (Cairo Museum 17/5/25/7 [SR 12041]) and comparison with few lines of papyrus Ermitage 1116-B verso, (38) - (39), make sure that Minhotep Hututu was indeed contemporaneous with Amenhotep III, and that he even participated in one of the kings jubilees. Consequently, papyrus Ermitage 1116-B verso is likely more recent than the reign of Amenhotep II to which it has always been attributed. This is also supported by two occurrences of a cartouche naming Thutmosis IV which were until now misinterpreted as cartouches of Thutmosis III [lines (61) and (66)]. Minhotep could also be the father of the high priest of Amun under Tutankhamun, Parennefer / Wenennefer, whose Theban tomb was found in 1990 by Fr. Kampp and K. Seyfried. He may also have been related to the steward Sennefer whose tomb, located at the foot of the Bubasteon cliff, was located and excavated by A.-P. Zivie.

Presentation of the life and activities of Victor Loret (1859-1946) through the documentation preserved in his archives in the Statale University of Milan. The core of the article is devoted to the discovery of the KV 35, the tomb of Amenhotep II also known as the "Second Royal Cache", as well as to the recent hypothesis of identification of all the mummies found in the tomb.
Parole chiaveEgypt, Kings' Valley, Amenhotep II, mummy, Loret
Settori scientifico-disciplinari del contributoSettore L-OR/02 - Egittologia e Civilta' Copta
TipoCapitolo o Saggio
Revisione (peer review)Comitato scientifico
Classificazione in base al tipo di ricercaRicerca di base
Classificazione della pubblicazionePubblicazione scientifica
Titolo del progettoNulla
Modifica

Titolo del volumeEgitto. La straordinaria scoperta del faraone Amenofi II

En 1859, l'imminent politicien et entrepreneur montréalais James Ferrier rentra d'un voyage familial en Orient avec une imposante collection d'artéfacts, aujourd'hui conservée par le musée Redpath de l'Université McGill à Montréal. Cette collection, composée d'environ 170 pièces provenant d'Égypte, reflète toute l'admiration historico-religieuse et l'intérêt scientifique que portaient J. Ferrier et ses contemporains pour l'antique civilisation pharaonique. Cette courte étude, qui s'intéresse principalement au matériel inscrit (fragments hiéroglyphiques et statuaires), apporte des résultats de recherche préliminaires et quelques réflexions quant au trajet de J. Ferrier en Égypte et aux modalités de collecte de certaines pièces. Résumé En 1859, l'imminent politicien et entrepreneur montréalais James Ferrier rentra d'un voyage familial en Orient avec une imposante collection d'artéfacts, aujourd'hui conservée par le musée Redpath de l'Université McGill à Montréal. Cette collection, composée d'environ 170 pièces provenant d'Égypte, reflète toute l'admiration historico-religieuse et l'intérêt scientifique que portaient J. Ferrier et ses contemporains pour l'antique civilisation pharaonique. Cette courte étude, qui s'intéresse principalement au matériel inscrit (fragments hiéroglyphiques et statuaires), apporte des résultats de recherche préliminaires et quelques réflexions quant au trajet de J. Ferrier en Égypte et aux modalités de collecte de certaines pièces. ___________________________________________________________________

After many years of conducting non-destructive tests such as tomography and RTI-PTM, among others, on this stele of Amenhotep II making an offering to Amun-Re, the results confirmed that it underwent a number of alterations, i.e., erasures and recarvings of some hieroglyphic signs and images. Further research will be necessary to establish detailed knowledge of their chronology and significance.

The stelophore belonging to Amenhotep (ÆIN 49, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek) is a fine and well-preserved example of this statue type. The unique added decoration in the space between the stela and Amenhotep’s chin will be brought to light and discussed here as this part of a stelophore is not normally decorated.

Catalogue entries:

- Modello di imbarcazione dalla tomba di Amenofi II (pp. 192-193).
- Divinità serpentiforme dalla tomba di Amenofi II (pp. 194-195).
- Divinità serpentiforme dalla tomba di Amenofi II (pp. 196-197).
- Pilastro-djed – croce-ankh (pp. 198-199).

Catalogue of the exhibition "Egitto: La straordinaria scoperta del faraone Amenofi II" - Milano, MUDEC - Museo delle Culture, 13 settembre 2017– 7 gennaio 2018

After many years of scientific research on an Egyptian quartzite stela of king Amenhotep II making an offering to Amun Re, the results revealed important historical information. Some images revealed several alterations on the figure of Amun Re and indicated that the king's figure has been modified several times as well as some hieroglyphic signs in the cartouche and on the text portion..

The aim of the article is to reconsider the question of the co-regency of Thutmose III and Amenhotep II in the light of recent research casting into doubt the existence of this institution in the Middle Kingdom. The author re-examines the sources cited in favour of the co-regency, showing that the co-regency hypothesis generates more problems than it allegedly solves. Instead of searching for one simple solution  for  all  seemingly  insurmountable  problems  raised  up  by  the  available  evidence,  the  author  proposes  to  explain  each  problem  individually. As a result, it seems that questions such as the alleged double coronation date of Amenhotep II, the problem of his two ‘first victorious  campaigns’,  or  the  presence  of  the  images  of  Thutmose  III  and  Amenhotep  II  in  the  temple  of  Amada  can  be  satisfactorily  explained without any necessity to maintain that both pharaohs ever ruled together, even for a brief period of time.

Following the Second Intermediate Period, the traditional Egyptian relationship with Syria-Palestine has considerably changed. After a first momentum of raids and razzia which broadly characterized the early 18th dynasty ‘policy’ in the region, it is during the mid-18th dynasty that one can observe some indications for an aim to a more effective control.  In this context, it is possible to identify individuals who were involved with the missions abroad and from whom interesting information about their presence beyond the borders of Egypt is available.
This paper aims to present the research questions and methodological approach used in the dissertation submitted for my master degree in Egyptology at the University of Liverpool which focuses on studying the effect of favour and empowerment of officials who had performed tasks in the Levant between the reigns of Thutmose III (c.1479-c.1425 B.C.) and Amenhotep II (c. 1426 -1400 B.C). This will hopefully demonstrate both the limits and possibilities of studying such a specific dynamic taking into account scholarship, theoretical approaches and archaeological remains.

ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of sequential questions drawn from the video, National Geographic: Egypt's Lost Rival, featuring a MB-LB Age Canaanite city-sate at Qatna (shown in-class; also available online via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjTaOj09oUs [46 minutes]).  These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary.  In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks. REVISED: Oct., 2023..

Publication of a stelophorous statue preserved in the Egyptian Museum of Florence (inv. no. 1793), which is inscribed for a troop commander, overseer of horses and overseer of recruits of the time of Amenhotep II. The statue has been probably found at Thebes, during Ippolito Rosellini’s excavations. The following article provides a brief history, description of the object and translations of its inscriptions. Statue typology and titles of its owner are also discussed.

Après de nombreuses années d’examens non-destructifs tels que la tomographie et la RTI-PTM, entre autres, sur cette stèle en quartzite du roi Amenhotep II faisant une offrande à Amun-Re,  les résultats ont révélés de très nombreuses traces de remaniements. Certains signes hiéroglyphiques, le cartouche royal et des images ont été délibérément effacés puis regravés. De plus amples recherches seront  nécessaires pour identifier les personnages représentés et pour établir une chronologie historique plus détaillée.

Publication d’une tête de statue acquise par la galerie Daniel Katz de Londres et identifiable au roi Amenhotep II sur des critères stylistiques ainsi que par comparaison avec le corpus des statues de ce roi certifiées par des textes.
Publication of a statue head acquired by the Daniel Katz Gallery (London). The statue may likely have figured the pharaoh Amenhotep II, based on stylistical criteria as well as on comparison with the corpus of text-certified statues of this king.

After many years of scientific research on an Egyptian quartzite stela of king Amenhotep II making an offering to Amun Re, the results revealed important historical information. Some images revealed several alterations on the figure of Amun Re and indicated that the king's figure has been modified several times as well as some hieroglyphic signs in the cartouche and on the text portion..

Mit archäologischen Schichten Geschichte schreiben. Festschrift für Edgar B. Pusch zum 70. Geburtstag, Forschungen in der Ramses-Stadt 10, 2016
Presentation: Statue of Senetnay in Lausanne (Switzerland) Lausanne Collection

A closer study and new interpretation of a small Egyptian limestone fragment which is part of the Jacques-Edouard Berger collection in Lausanne, leads to the interesting conclusion that the object is not part of a seated Isis nursing Horus (as in the collection catalogue), but rather that of the nurse Senetnay, wife of the famous mayor of Thebes Sennefer.
As the translation of the fragmentary hieroglyphic text here transcribed and transliterated mention Senetnay, it is possible that the dangling legs on the nurse’s lap be those of King Amenophis II.
Furthermore, an iconographic comparative study with the few other known statues of its kind, seem to consolidate the new interpretation given to this interesting object.

published in:  Henning Franzmeier, Thilo Rehren & Regine Schulz (Hg.), Mit archäologischen Schichten Geschichte schreiben. Festschrift für Edgar B. Pusch zum 70. Geburtstag, Forschungen in der Ramses-Stadt 10, Hildesheim 2016: Gerstenberg, S. 177-188, ISBN 978-3-8067-8812-9