Ancienne Médina

L’activité touristique constitue aujourd’hui à la fois une activité économique importante, génératrice de revenu et un facteur de développement local du territoire d’accueil.
Dans ce mémoire, nous avons abordé un type de tourisme à savoir le tourisme culturel illustré par l’ancienne médina de Casablanca, à travers lequel  nous avons étudié les potentialités dont dispose cette Médina.
Après l’analyse des données recueillies, nous sommes arrivés aux constats suivants : l’ancienne médina de la ville de Casablanca, passage obligé des différentes  destinations, recèle des trésors historiques, culturels.
Ce patrimoine mis en exergue  grâce notamment aux activités  culturels de dimension locale; ainsi qu’aux différents établissements  chargés de la région  et de la sauvegarde du patrimoine matériel dont dispose l’ancienne médina  à savoir les mosquées, Les églises, les musées….
Tous ces facteurs réunis permettront à l’ancienne médina  un décollage rapide de l’activité touristique.
Néanmoins, le tourisme culturel au sein de l’ancienne médina a connu quelques lacunes aussi bien au niveau des infrastructures d’accueil, ainsi qu’au niveau du problème de sécurité.
Enfin, les bonnes  pratiques de gestion, de coordination et de coopération entre les différents acteurs de l’activité touristique permettront un tourisme culturel de qualité et un développement  mutuel  avec des retombées positives  pour la communauté.
Mots-clés :
Maroc, ville de Casablanca, ancienne médina, Patrimoine, tourisme culturel.

This contribution aims to complete the debates concerning the Mosque of the Prophet in Madīna with a study focused on the dwelling quarters that populated the surroundings of the blessed building over time (622-711). An in-depth analysis of the sources has allowed us to sketch a reliable plan of the ensemble, finally succeeding in demonstrating that the direct link between the mosque and the caliphal residence-conceivably involving a specific ceremonial purpose-must be postdated to the Marwānid period.

Plano-Guía de Arquitectura de Alcazarquivir (Marruecos). 2009

El objetivo del Plano-Guía fue dotar a la ciudad de un instrumento cartográfico divulgativo que describiera en cuatro lenguas su patrimonio construido y apoyara la planificación urbanística y las iniciativas de desarrollo local. Se trabajó sobre la restitución de un vuelo realizado por la Junta de Andalucía en diciembre de 2000 y la base cartográfica facilitada por el Ayuntamiento. En función del área de estudio y del tamaño de impresión, resultó la escala 1:2.000, quedando representada tanto la ciudad antigua como los ensanches construidos a partir del primer cuarto del s.XX. Se revisó la toponimia de calles, plazas y edificios más importantes, se registraron todos los adarves y se anotaron los pasajes cubiertos. La documentación fotográfica del catálogo fue objeto de un reportaje específico, realizado por Francisco Morón.

Coordinación, textos y supervisión de los trabajos: Pedro Campos Jara, arqueólogo Guillermo Duclos Bautista arquitecto

Colaboradores en los textos y catálogo: Mohammed Maghroui, Mohammed Akhrif Mohammed Khannoussi, Abdelaziz el Bali Toponimia y trabajo de campo: Mohammed Khannoussi, Abdelaziz el Bali

Editores: Ayuntamiento de Alcazarquivir/ Junta de Andalucía Consejería de Obras Públicas y Vivienda (España).

Editadas simultáneamente versiones en árabe, inglés y francés.

Exposition :
Ahmed el Almi (1917-1974), Photographe
Commissaire : Abdelmajid Arrif
Collection Ombres de lumière © A&Y Arrif

Exposition du 18 octobre au 12 novembre
Vernissage : Mercredi 18 octobre à 19h00
Institut français, Casablanca

cette expertise comporte  des images ainsi que des pièces graphiques qui illustre l’état de fait  ( le constat visuel) d'une maison hybride : qui a perdu son cachet traditionnelle au cours de l'occupation française en Algérie précisément  à la médina de Bouna.

Radoine, Hassan, “Conservation-Based Cultural, Environmental, and Economic Development: The Case of the Walled City of Fez,” in The Human Sustainable City: Challenges and Perspectives from the Habitat Agenda, edited by Luigi Fusco Girard (Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2003).

This paper considers the historical relevance of Surah 33 and 24, which deals with war and the construction of the early umma through the female body and female sexuality, the real or suggested growth of Muhammad's status, attempting to discover they add to or limit our understanding of early Islam. This remains an historical investigation. In this endeavour, Shaykh Muhammad al-Ghazali 2 will be employed as well as an anonymous author or authors of Islamic Studies 3. Surah 33 supposedly contains a description of the Battle of the Trench when a Meccan based confederation attacked Medina, intending to destroy both Muhammad and the Believers. Doubt will be thrown on the historical nature of this event. This article is in seven parts, covering also the role of women in early Islam, the nature of conflict for Islam, challenging the literal nature of Qur'anic text, while explicating a symbolic tendency. It places the text in the Middle Eastern and Arabian environment in which it evolved pointing out similar societies elsewhere and also its anthropological rather than moral scope. Shaykh Muhammad al-Ghazali reasons that Surah 33 judges Muhammad on his leadership qualities, although as the surah were ostensibly written by Muhammad this does not necessarily provide a recommendation. Caesar in his commentaries at length convinced people of his strategic and tactical qualities as by and large no one else questioned them. Muhammad's credentials are at all times self-avowed. Although it provides insights into the earliest history of the umma, it also provides interesting verses 1 1 https://www.islamicstudies.info/tafheem.php?sura=33&verse=9&to=11 2

The Medina is one of tradition’s most enduring forms. Studying its changes let us trace its dynamic memory along with its resilient urban typology. This paper examines the validity of its sustainable model in contemporary design and planning. The key questions herein are:  Is the urban typology of the Medina static or a changing one? Which perspectives can be underscored in projecting its future forms?

The proposed research questions the sensory imaginary, especially sound, of travellers who visited the Souks of the Medina in the 19thcentury. The restitution of this ambiantal memory is used to participate in the reconsideration of the urban and architectural heritage of this highly historic space, the Souks, by sonic ambiances. Our ambiantal approach is based on quantitative and qualitative (notion of sound effect) content analysis of the 19thcentury texts.

After much scholarship…….
………many introductory works and biographers of Muhammad have continued to proceed as if nothing has happened, reproducing more or less uncritically the traditional Islamic account of Muhammad’s life: even works by prominent scholars of Islam, after initially acknowledging the many problems with the source material, often narrate the life of Muhammad according to traditional accounts. Specialists in Islamic origins cannot so easily ignore the issue ….some scholars have accordingly sought methods to identify a reliable ‘historical kernel’ embedded within the Islamic tradition’s hagiography of its prophet. 
Shoemaker, Stephen. In Search of Urwa’sSira: Some Methological Issues in the Quest for Authenticity in the Life of Muhammad. Der Islam. Reference-global.com


The corrupted understanding of paganism expressed an ideal form of opposition for Muhammad within which morality existed within abeyance. Those Muhammad considered pagan were probably not polytheists but were restructured simply to create an ideology of opposition to justify aggressive acts. Described even by modern Islamic scholars as savages who treated their women like dogs, Arabia was, as already seen, a land of monotheists as well as polytheists living within an old culture several thousand years old with a largely shared morality from one side of the peninsula to the other. The colonial type descriptions noted above seem to be a result of the rewriting of Arabian history in Iraq and Iran in the 10th century CE.

Résumé 
 

Le patrimoine bâti se distingue par sa capacité à mobiliser une mémoire sensible, vivante qui convoque tous les sens. Le patrimoine pourrait alors être abordé par l’histoire de ses ambiances sonores. Quelle est l’ambiance sonore qui fait « patrimoine » dans un existant ?

Chercher l’ambiance qui « fait patrimoine » ce n’est pas seulement s’intéresser aux émetteurs sensibles, c’est chercher où et comment les expériences sensibles, durablement, ont été reçues comme des expériences singulières et émotives. Dans l’objectif de démontrer la permanence de certains indicateurs d’une esthétique sonore médinale, nous nous engagerons dans l’analyse de l’espace intermédiaire entre la rue et l’habitat à travers les ambiances sonores qui y sont produites. Pour cela, la valeur informative d’une « bande sonore quotidienne », dans deux configurations (habitat médinal et habitat contemporain), nous informera sur l’évolution des ambiances sonores dans ces deux configurations contrastées (habitat introverti et habitat extraverti).

Cette contribution tente d’alimenter la recherche architecturale et urbaine par une réflexion sur la pérennité (et/ou disparition, transformation) de certains marqueurs sonores des quartiers populaires de la médina de Tunis.




Abstract

The built heritage is distinguished by its ability to mobilize a significant memory appealing every sense. Heritage could then be approached by the story of its soundscape. What is the soundscape that is can be considered as heritage in a traditional architecture?

Searching the ambiances of the past is not only a simple interest to the sensitive transmitters. The question is where and how sensory experiences, sustainable, were received as unique and emotional situations? In order to justify the permanence of some indicators of a traditional “medina’s” aesthetic soundscape, we will carry on an analysis of the sonic atmosphere between the street and the housing through the soundscapes that are produced. For this, the informative value of a daily soundtrack in two configurations (medina traditional housing and contemporary modern housing), will probably inform us about the changing soundscapes in these two contrasted configurations (open and close urban models).

This paper attempts to feed the architectural and urban research by questions about on sustainability (disappearance, transformation) of some sound markers in the neighborhoods of Tunis medina.