Apparel

Least developed countries beset with poverty are liberalizing trade policies with growth objectives. Trade contributions to economic growth are established, but impacts of liberalized trade policies on poverty have not been fully assessed. The impacts can be assessed at the micro-level through identifying the linkages between trade and poverty alleviation. In this paper the export-oriented Bangladesh apparel sector, the phenomenal growth of which came about through unilateral liberalized trade policies and quota-driven market access to developed countries under multilateral Multi Fiber Arrangement, has been studied as a case to observe if it contributed to poverty alleviation. The study revealed that the apparel sector has been very effective in reducing poverty by creating income-earning employment for unskilled workers, particularly women. However, the demise of the Multi Fiber Arrangement next year will severely affect the apparel sector’s ability for poverty reduction unless pro...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to produce an upper garment model for three-dimensional (3D) pattern making. This model will take into account ease allowance and silhouette, and will be used to propose a size-changing method. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used two real garment bodices with a surface suitable for pattern development. The garments were fitted to a designated dummy body and scanned. Using the scanned data, the authors made those upper garment basic models suitable for 3D pattern making. Using one model, the authors produced two bodice patterns, one with the original seam lines and the other with seam lines that differed from the original ones, and then compared them with the original jacket bodice. To construct garment models that were different in size from the basic model, the authors calculated multiplication factors of cross-sectional dimensions (in the front, back and lateral directions) between the basic garment and the actual garment shape wor...

To better understand consumer behaviour and preferences for apparel shopping in Asia, we collected data through questionnaire surveys in China and Taiwan on three topics: online and offline shopping behaviours; product evaluative criteria; and fashion information sources. The study showed that women in both China and Taiwan shopped more frequently than men. Chinese consumers shopped more frequently online than did their Taiwanese counterparts. Both Chinese and Taiwanese consumers cited 'fit' and 'comfort' as the two most important evaluative criteria for clothing, while 'brand name' and 'country of origin' were the least important cues. Both Chinese and Taiwanese participants cited 'friends' as their most important fashion information source, with 'siblings' and 'parents' being the two least important sources. ARTICLE HISTORY

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The present study focuses on consumer awareness and knowledge towards workmanship of the garment. The study was conducted in Jaipur city. The sample size used was 200 samples from two age group i.e. 26-30 and 36-40 years. The data was gathered from respondents through interview schedule. Respondents were selected using random sample selection method. The study concluded that females in both age groups are more aware of the workmanship of the garment as compared to male because females are more concerned about the quality of the garment and they was check garments before purchase as compared to male.

Tailored jackets, long boots and white gloves are clothes not normally associated with sport, yet they make up required competition dress within equestrianism. The modern equestrian sports of dressage and showjumping have their origins in the military and on the hunting field, and this highly formal, masculine style persists in contemporary equestrian circles. Perceived by many non-participants as archaic, comical and distinctly unsporty, equestrian competition dress requirements have remained relatively unchanged for a century and are one factor (amongst many others) that visibly marks equestrianism as different to most other sporting practices. This paper draws on an ethnographic study of equestrian sport in Britain in order to consider how participants today relate to and experience formal competition dress in the course of regular sporting activities. Formal competition dress is an important aspect of individual sporting identity for contemporary riders and is understood by participants to represent the unusual ethos of equestrian sport.

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There are limited empirical studies that have focused on apparel consumers in India, and none of the previous research has explicitly examined the relationship between fashion innovativeness, consumers' shopping behaviour, product evaluative cues and fashion information sources. This study is intended to address this research gap. A self-administered survey was used for this study. In total, usable data were collected from 230 female participants aged from 18 to 25 years in New Delhi, India. The results indicated that fashion innovators spent more money on new clothes and shopped more frequently online/offline per year than did fashion non-innovators. Garment fit and comfort were perceived as the two most significant cues for both consumer groups. Fashion innovators relied more often on impersonal or marketer-dominated sources-for fashion information including magazines, store/window displays and celebrities, while fashion non-innovators were more reliant on personal or non-marketer-dominated sources including parents, friends and siblings. ARTICLE HISTORY

As Bangladesh marks 50 years of independence, it is being hailed as a rising economic star, and rightfully so. The 1971’s War of Liberation, apart from claiming three million lives, had also left the country’s infrastructure and economy in tatters. At that time around 80 percent of Bangladesh’s population was living in extreme poverty and the country was characterized as an economic basket case. But in the last five decades, Bangladesh has undergone tremendous transformation and become one of the fastest-growing economies in the world.

Our socio-economic progress, human development indicators, and achievements of MDGs are widely acclaimed. Especially in the last 13 years under the visionary leadership of our Honorable Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, Bangladesh has become a global model of development. Our per capita income has reached USD 2,554 from USD 676 in the FY 2008-2009, which is one of the highest in South Asia. The poverty rate declined to 20.5 percent, both ways trades increased from USD38 billion to USD82 billion during the same time. Foreign exchange reserve is crossing the records every month which is now at USD 45 billion.

Timely and reliable measurement of manufacturing performance improvements after lean initiation in terms of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) not only enables the organization to evaluate the success of lean implementation, but, also to understand key areas for future improvements. Keeping the importance of using Key Performance Indicators (KPI), the present study was designed to comparatively assess the improvement in manufacturing performance among lean and non-lean initiated apparel units of National Capital Region (India) in terms of manufacturing key performance indicators-productivity, quality, work in progress and efficiency. The study was limited to 10 lean initiated and non-lean initiated apparel units each manufacturing the ladies garments in NCR. Apparel units in National Capital Region (NCR), India were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria from the member list of Apparel Export Promotion Council, Gurgaon, India. A common full sleeve collar ladies top or shirt style was selected for this study. The Time Study Method was used to record the time taken to accomplish various operations involved in manufacturing of the selected common garment. Data was collected for all production days of the chosen design style. The result revealed that the lean initiated apparel export firms had higher operator productivity, total labor productivity and efficiency than the non-lean initiated units. Defect per hundred units and percentage defective in the lean initiated units were found significantly lower than the non-lean initiated units except for work in progress. Year of lean initiation was found to have significant difference in the performance of an apparel unit in the terms of efficiency and quality except for the productivity and work in progress. The research aimed to bring about awareness regarding positive impact of implementation of lean as the ultimate solution which could drive the global apparel industry towards achieving business excellence in today's heightened cut throat competition in the global apparel sector.

Least developed countries beset with poverty are liberalizing trade policies with growth objectives. Trade contributions to economic growth are established, but impacts of liberalized trade policies on poverty have not been fully assessed. The impacts can be assessed at the micro-level through identifying the linkages between trade and poverty alleviation. In this paper the export-oriented Bangladesh apparel sector, the phenomenal growth of which came about through unilateral liberalized trade policies and quota-driven market access to developed countries under multilateral Multi Fiber Arrangement, has been studied as a case to observe if it contributed to poverty alleviation. The study revealed that the apparel sector has been very effective in reducing poverty by creating income-earning employment for unskilled workers, particularly women. However, the demise of the Multi Fiber Arrangement next year will severely affect the apparel sector’s ability for poverty reduction unless pro...

The aim of this research is to assess the opinions and the applications about innovation of the businesses producing apparels in Turkey. Moreover, it is also aimed to assess the apparel sector in Turkey where the global competition is experienced intensely generally regarding innovation. 110 apparel businesses has composed sampling in a survey model research. Research data which were collected by the surveys have been presented by the charts by being analysed.
It was found as a consequent of this research that most of apparel businesses have made innovation in productions and production methods, customers have encouraged the businesses for innovation, businesses have improved new products as not causing many risks and they see the cost as an obstacle most for innovations. It was concluded that patent articles and registered designs are scarce in the businesses, they don’t benefit from incentives aimed on R&D, but they allocate fund and employ staff for R&D.

The preferred dark coloured apparel worn by the Tuaregs of North Africa and the other desert dwellers of Northern Nigeria instigated this study. Experimenters discover that when dressed in dark apparels, they were more comfortable than when they put on white apparels. The solar radiant energy for the precinct where tests were done was 857.3Wm-2 , of which ~ 84% was diffused by dark apparel. White apparel diffused ~ 57% of solar radiation. The total human body heat energy produced was 512.9Wm-2. The dark apparel discharged 378Wm-2 to the surrounding, whereas white apparels discharged 145Wm-2 to the surroundings. The " private climate " domain under the human skin did appear to work better when shielded by a dark cloth rather than a white one, so that there was an overall comfort experienced when dressed in dark apparel in hot environment.

There are limited empirical studies that have focused on apparel consumers in India, and none of the previous research has explicitly examined the relationship between fashion innovativeness, consumers' shopping behaviour, product evaluative cues and fashion information sources. This study is intended to address this research gap. A self-administered survey was used for this study. In total, usable data were collected from 230 female participants aged from 18 to 25 years in New Delhi, India. The results indicated that fashion innovators spent more money on new clothes and shopped more frequently online/offline per year than did fashion non-innovators. Garment fit and comfort were perceived as the two most significant cues for both consumer groups. Fashion innovators relied more often on impersonal or marketer-dominated sources-for fashion information including magazines, store/window displays and celebrities, while fashion non-innovators were more reliant on personal or non-mark...

The objectives of this study are twofold: (1) to provide insights and in-depth information regarding the impact of attitudes of female baby boomers in Taiwan toward aging through clothing, and (2) to understand how female baby boomers in Taiwan behave in different contexts in regard to clothing choice, usage and consumption. In order to understand how baby boomers think, feel and behave during the process of aging, clothing was selected as a vehicle to illuminate the complex relationships among various attributes—physiological and psychological change, dress and appearance, body image, lifestyle, and social activities. The qualitative research method was used to collect data from 14 mature female consumers ranging in age from 50 to 59 years. According to our findings, social activities and appropriate clothing styles can provide aging consumers self-assurance/-gratification as well as a healthy state of mind and spirit. It is evident that many Taiwanese baby boomers were concerned with modesty, age appropriateness, and physical and psychological comfort when it comes to apparel consumption. Although their bodies transformed with age, most of our informants expressed an acceptance and sense of comfort with their physical change, and they felt “young-at-heart”; therefore, chronological age is not a good indicator of consumer attitudes towards the evolving stages of life.

Asia  nowadays  becomes  significantly  more  powerful  in  various  aspects  ranging  from  economic  to sociopolitical  influences.  Thus,  it  is  essential  to  recognize  the  Asian  perspectives  and  practices,  especially  in apparel  bargaining  behavior,  action,  intention  to  re-bargain,  and  repurchase  Intention  between  Thai  and Chinese consumers. This research aims to study the impact of subjective norm, bargaining behavior, bargaining action, intention to re-bargain, and repurchase intention on the process of apparel bargaining. The difference in bargaining behavior/attitude, action, and intention to re-bargain of Thai consumers and the Chinese is studied as  well.  This  research  employs  structural  equation  modeling  (SEM)  and  thence  uses 400  samples  of  Thai consumers and Chinese consumers. Only Thai respondents and Chinese respondents who are at least 20 years old and  have  already spent  time in Thailand  for  at least  three  days are  recruited.  The survey takes  place  in major market in Bangkok, Chatuchak Market and etc. according to its bargaining-prone environment. The self-administrative opinionnaires are distributed to Thai consumers and Chinese consumers. The outcomes of this research are to give sellers in Thailand a guideline to adapt price tactic/negotiation style to suit with culture which  international  consumers  are  belonged  to;  to  increase  the  mutual  understanding  in  price  negotiation between sellers and buyers; and to educate reader about cultural differences among diversified buyers.

The Indian retail industry has enormous growth over the last decade with an evident shift towards organized retailing formats. The industry is inspiring towards a modern concept of retailing. The Indian Retail sector is an emerging one, which is expected to emphasize a promising growth. The Indian textile and apparel industry is one of the largest in the world which offers huge employment openings domestically and there is also a great demand for Indian textiles and apparel in foreign markets. In this study an attempt is made to study the branding towards customer loyalty and its related factors. Also, this study attempts to test the significance of socio-economic characteristics of customers towards the factors of customer loyalty.

Abstract: The purpose of this study, drawing on marketing and psychometric paradigms, is to investigate the effect of risk perception dimensions on apparel internet purchase intention among Saudi consumers. A web-based survey was conducted to measure consumers ’ perception of the six types of risk associated with apparel online shopping and their influence on purchase intention. Three hundred responses were collected. Results showed that not all the considered risk constructs have the same influences on apparel internet purchasing intention. Specifically, time and performance risks have the most significant influence followed by privacy and social risks.

This research aims to investigate the bargaining attitude and bargaining intention (intention to re-bargain) driven by culture of Thai and Chinese consumers when buying apparel product. The survey took place in major apparel markets in Bangkok such as Chatuchak Market, Center One, and so on, according to their bargaining-prone environment. The opinionnaires were conveniently distributed to Thai and Chinese consumers. With samples of 198 Thai consumers and 116 Chinese consumers, the results generated by Structural Equation Modeling show that both Thai and Chinese consumers’ bargaining attitude affected bargaining intention and their culture affected both bargaining attitude and intention. For managerial and marketing application, as international companies go global and companies in the Asia-Pacific region continue to export and become more international, culture will become more and more important. The apparel shop who tends to be flexible with the price will be the winner. For the limitations, this research did not include age as a factor driving bargaining attitude and bargaining intention; that was, it could harm the generalization of the results. For future research, it will be interesting to compare the results of different countries to see if there are highly significant differences.