Aquatic science

Recently, a novel approach to a highly sensitive and quantitative detection of rare earth element (REE) ions including La3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, has been reported. The detection of REE ions is based on the catalytic nature of REE ions targeting the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thus monitoring of the ions can be achieved by reading the level of intact DNA by PCR. Despite of its high sensitivity (at ppb to ppt levels), the conventional PCR-based REE detection protocol requires certain length of time (1-2 hours). In the present study, we modified the PCR-based REE detection protocols by employing the high-speed PCR, and performed the automated and rapid detection of La3+ in small-sized aqueous samples within 5min.

50-day's free access https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1dnnLB8ccr0ST ........................................................................................................................................... Cyanobacteria are notorious for producing harmful algal blooms that present an ever-increasing serious threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide, impacting the quality of drinking water and disrupting the recreational use of many water bodies. Remote sensing techniques for the detection and quantification of cyanobacterial blooms are required to monitor their initiation and spatiotemporal variability. In this study, we developed a novel semi-analytical approach to estimate the concentration of cyanobacteria-specific pigment phycocyanin (PC) and common phytoplankton pigment chlorophyll a (Chl a) from hyperspectral remote sensing data. The PC algorithm was derived from absorbance-concentration relationship, and the Chl a algorithm was devised based on a conceptual three-band structure model. The developed algorithms were applied to satellite imageries obtained by the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO™) sensor and tested in Lake Kinneret (Israel) during strong cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. bloom and out-of-bloom times. The sensitivity of the algorithms to errors was evaluated. The Chl a and PC concentrations were estimated with a mean absolute percentage difference (MAPD) of 16% and 28%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis shows that the influences of backscattering and other water constituents do not affect the estimation accuracy of PC (~2% MAPD). The reliable PC/Chl a ratios can be obtained at PC concentrations above 10 mg m−3. The computed PC/Chl a ratio depicts the contribution of cyanobacteria to the total phytoplankton biomass and permits investigating the role of ambient factors in the formation of a complex planktonic community. The novel algorithms have extensive practical applicability and should be suitable for the quantification of PC and Chl a in aquatic ecosystems using hyperspectral remote sensing data as well as data from future multispectral remote sensing satellites, if the respective bands are featured in the sensor.

A variety of chemicals including foaming agents are used to aid in the protection of forest resources from the wild land fires. The fire-fighting foams (FFFs) are formulations composed principally of surfactants. As a part of Japanese national project, environmentally inert FFFs have been developed. There is an emerging need for testing the impacts of these FFFs on the living organisms composing the typical landscapes or ecosystems in Japan. In the present report, we aimed to describe our latest attempt for assessing both the short-tem and long-term impacts of FFFs in aquatic (fresh water) and semi-aquatic (wetland) ecosystems , by employing the laboratory-sized model assays (preliminary studies) and the biotope-based observation, respectively. In the biotope assays which was based on the observation in compact biotopes mimicking the fresh water environments and wetland, both the acute and long-term eco-toxic impacts of two FFFs (soap-based and synthetic detergent-based) were assessed. Spraying of synthetic detergent-based foam formula was shown to be more toxic compared to soap-based formula and mock water treatment.

studies were carried out to assess the water quality of Tv station reservoir at Davangele
City,Karnataka(ndia).Thestudyrevealedthatthglewelevariationsinphysico-chemical
concenhations during the rainy season. Except tu$idity, all the other physico-chemical
characteristics were found within the permissible limits. The results were compared with the
standards given by ISI for water quality.

this article is about all Ultimate Guide to Marimo Moss Balls. In this article talks all about keeping, cultivating, carrying and tips of marimo moss balls in the freshwater tank.  Please visit our site aquascaper.org for more information about aquarium moss plants

Resumen.-La contaminación biológica afecta a la acuicultura mundial con importantes impactos de productividad y rentabilidad, especialmente en el cultivo de moluscos, donde tanto la especie de cultivo objetivo como la infraestructura están expuestas a una diversidad de organismos contaminantes. En el cultivo de ostras, el impacto clave es la adherencia directa de organismos causando daño físico, interferencia mecánica, competencia biológica y modificación ambiental, mientras que también se efectúa la infraestructura. El presente estudio describe la composición de la bioincrustación en la superficie de la ostra de mangle Crassostrea rhizophorae, cultivada en un estuario Amazónico, ubicado en el estado de Pará, norte de Brasil. En total, 6.124 macroinvertebrados fueron muestreados en julio, agosto, octubre y diciembre de 2013. La epifauna recolectada estuvo representada por 5 grupos principales (Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Polychaeta, Crustacea y Anthozoa), 20 familias y 37 especies. Bivalvia fue la clase más abundante, presentando 5.183 mejillones de la especie Mytella charruana. El conocimiento sobre la composición de la incrustación biológica, así como la identificación de las principales especies que causan impactos directos, permite opciones de gestión más personalizadas y estratégicas, minimizando los costos, a menudo significativos, asociados con el control de la bioincrustación (antifouling). Abstract.-Biofouling affects global aquaculture with significant impacts on productivity and profitability, especially in marine shellfish culture, where both the target culture species and/or infrastructure are exposed to a diverse array of fouling organisms. In oyster culture, fouling of stock causes physical damage, mechanical interference, biological competition and environmental modification, with infrastructure also colonized. The present study describes the composition of the biofouling community inhabiting the surface of the mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae, cultivated in an Amazon estuary, in the state of Pará, northern Brazil. In total, 6,124 macroinvertebrates were collected during July, August, October and December 2013. Collected epifauna was represented by 5 groups (Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Polychaeta, Crustacea and Anthozoa), 20 families and 37 species. Bivalvia was the most abundant class, with the mussel Mytella charruana by far the most dominant species with 5,183 individuals. Knowledge about the composition of biofouling as well as identifying the main species that cause direct impacts allows more tailored and strategic management options, minimizing the often-significant costs associated with biofouling control (antifouling).

The dynamics of the nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus contents in the detrital particles suspended in the water column was examined. The study was carried out in two freshwater reservoirs of different trophic levels. Detritus was collected in natural aquatic ecosystems at various depths. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon concentrations in the detrital particles were found to decrease significantly during the detritus sedimentation in the water column. This pattern was observed both for a mesotrophic reservoir and an eutrophic aquatic ecosystem. It was the phosphorus concentration that decreased especially rapidly during the sedimentation of the detrital particles in the water column. These findings were considered in the context of water quality formation. The new facts and their analysis advance our understanding of the most important functions of detritus in aquatic ecosystems; a new aspect of coupling of ecological and biogeochemical processes in aquatic ecosystems was revealed. The results were analyzed using the innovative scientific term, exometabolism, which was proposed by S.A. Ostroumov in his monograph "Aquatic Organisms in Water Self-Purification" in 2008.

https://www.academia.edu/68340285/ ;

Lake Hawassa is one of the many freshwater shallow lakes found in the central Ethiopian Rift Valley. The sum totalities of aquatic and terrestrial habitats adjoining the lake facilitate for the rich diversity of flora and fauna compared to other Ethiopian Rift valley lakes. Scores of species with sundry forms of plants, animals and microorganisms make the lake extremely bio-diverse. The littoral area is covered with emergent and submerged macrophytes those serve as shelter, thrashing and proliferation zones for several benthonic and pelagic zoo-planktons such as Protozoans, Rotifers, Crustaceans, and several weed bed fauna like annelids, insects as well as fishes. The littoral and open water of the lake is dominated by wide-ranging delivery of 'qetema' (Cyperaceae), 'fila' (Typha sp.), the floating grass Paspalidium germina-tum and hydrophytes such as the Blue water lily (Nymphaea coerulea), water cabbage (Pistia stratiotes) and Wolfia arrhiza, considered to be the smallest flowering plant in the world.(Tilahun et al., 1996, EFASA-2013). The lake is among one of the biggest bird sanctuaries in the rift and homeland for several hundred species of water birds, including local and palaearctic migrants with large population of Marabou storks. The animal population includes large hippopotamus, otters, monitor lizards, Velvet and Colobus monkeys surviving on flanking lake ecosystem. Six varieties of fishes are abundantly found in the lake of which the native African species Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) are dominant. The lake is a major source of income through eco-tourism while the inhabitants depend on the lake for fishing and recreation. Present investigation is a maiden attempt to bring out first hand information by this visiting investigator who made a general enquiry for a small period of time to understand the ecosystem and species diversity of fresh water lakes of Ethiopia.

Aquatic Plants is a plant that can live in water such as seaweeds, ferns and many other types with special functions in natural habitats. However, now, these aquatic plants have been commercialized for use in decorating fish aquariums to further enhance the attractiveness of the aquarium. In the meantime, aquatic plants are commercialized and sold in the hobby industry to keep ornamental fish in the aquarium actually have some functions. For beginners, aquatic plants are to beautify the aquarium. But for hardcore enthusiasts who prioritize the natural process, planting aquatic plants is more to seek satisfaction. By planting aquatic plants in the aquarium, we can learned that aquatic plants are important to supply oxygen in the aquarium naturally and can absorb carbon dioxide gas released by fish, thus completing natural carbon cycle. Aquatic plants in aquariums can also be a source of natural food for some species of fish that eat leaves or grass and will be a place of fish protection from predators, shelters of laying fish and also as a place of play.

"A catastrophic draught event was reported across much of the north of South America during August - December 2005. This resulted in extensive and irreversible damage in parts of the
Amazon river network. The 2005 Amazon draught followed very unusual changes in the Atlantic Ocean’s circulatory system that altered typical wind and rain patterns. Many climatic models predict the future desiccation of the Amazon region. This paper discusses dangers of sudden swings in the Amazon’s climate and how these risks can be reduced and securing the future of the river system.

The Amazon river systems’ inability to adapt to the new seasonal climate patterns in 2005, which led to a complete destruction of some river ecosystems, suggested us to look at water engineering solutions to prevent the risks of more tributaries of such dying. We made a case study to oxygenate the Amazon river to raise its draught-stress threshold during the likely future draughts that may be even worse than today if the Atlantic weather system generates more storms as the world’s temperature rises.

We studied a 100 kilometre wide section near the Amazon’s mouth. We assumed temperature +30C (when 100% oxygenated water contains 7,6 mg O2 / litre). The addition of 2,5 mg O2 / l represents 1/3 of the total, i.e. raising from 70% to 100%. This large water body oxygenation project requires 4 million kg O2 / day. 2,000 MIXOX units consume 80 MW / 100 km of river. 1,000 km demand is at 800 MW (1 power station), costing ~500 million euros p.a." http://www.vesieko.fi/yhteystiedot

https://www.academia.edu/44021682/
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Water Quality and Conditioning in Natural Ecosystems: Biomachinery Theory of Self-Purification of Water. Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 2017, Vol.87, No. 13, pp. 3199–3204. Ostroumov S.A.
Original Russian Text © S.A. Ostroumov, 2017, published in Ekologicheskaya Khimiya, 2017, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 175–182.
ABSTRACT:
General principles of the theory of polyfunctional role of biota in self-purification of water in aquatic ecosystems have been formulated. The theory includes the following elements: (1) energy sources for self-purification of aquatic ecosystems; (2) main functional units of the self-purification system; (3) main self-purification processes; (4) contributions of major taxa to self-purification of aquatic ecosystems; (5) reliability of the system and mechanisms ensuring it; (6) self-regulation of biota; (7) response of the system to external stimuli (impacts); (8) analogy between an ecosystem and a bioreactor; (9) conclusions for nature conservation practice. The theory covers both freshwater and marine ecosystems.

Metabolomics is a fast-evolving field that provides qualitative and quantitative analyses of metabolites within cells, tissues or biofluids. Recent applications of metabolomics approaches in aquaculture research have highlighted the huge potential for solving problems within all aspects of the production line, from hatchery production to post-harvest quality control. To assist with the growing application of metabolomics in aquaculture research, this contribution provides a review of techniques and steps necessary to conduct metabolomics research, from experimental design to data interpretation. Specifically, we target scientists who are new to the field of metabolomics, and we offer simple, but comprehensive steps and strategies to conduct this type of research. We conclude this primer with some advice on how to access relevant expertise and facilities for metabolomics-based aquaculture research.

Latest information(2013) on the present status of sea turtles along India's mainland. A 2010-12 project initiative by WWF-India.Compiled and Edited by Annie Kurian.

(This survey is after a decadal gap since the last GOI-UNDP survey carried out between 2000-2002.And editors of this report-Marine Turtles of the Indian Subcontinent-were Kartik Shanker and BC Choudhury)

P.S  Included in the 2013 report is comprehensive chapter contribution by  Dr.Chandrashekar Kar, and a good review effort Dr.S.Bhupathy- predecessors and among the foremost in sea turtle research and conservation in India. It is sad that both of them passed away in April 2014, and this report probably constitutes among the last of their visible efforts!My deep gratitude and respect to both these wonderful people who enlightened other lives!

Aquaculture production is currently challenged to meet the growing demands for seafood protein throughout the world. To achieve this growth in an efficient, safe and sustainable manner, novel tools and applications will need to be incorporated at each step of the production line. A variety of 'omics' (e.g. transcriptomics, pro-teomics, metabolomics) applications have already begun to emerge in aquaculture research with extreme success. A promising new 'omics' approach is metabolomics, which aims to use metabolite profiles to identify biomarkers indicative of physiological responses of living samples (e.g. whole organism, tissues, cells) to environmental or culture conditions. One of the benefits of this approach is that it uses a broad scan of biological conditions to identify often unexpected problem or risk areas upon which to focus management attention. In this contribution, we have selected relevant research examples to showcase the applications of metabolomics in aquaculture in four major areas: hatchery production, nutrition and diet, disease and immunology, and post-harvest quality control. The novelty of this approach is highlighted by the fact that we cite the majority of published papers in this field, and they are all recent (within the last decade) contributions.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary graded levels of three pre-and probiotics on the immunity and haematology of all-males mono-sex Nile tilapia  fish. The experimental period was 16 weeks after 2 weeks adaptation period.  In the pathogenicity test, dietary inclusion of Aqua Superzyme at 0.01% of the diet, Garlen Allicin at 0.01% of the diet, and Diamond V (XPC)  at 0.5% of the diet, generally
reduced the mortality rate (%) and therefore increased the survival rate (%). Yet, the only significant (P<0.05) positive effect was due to Aqua Superzyme at 0.01% of the diet  in general and after 48h whereas the other supplements  did not  significantly (P>0.05) affect the pathogenicity. The comparisons among substances and their levels
clear that the best survival was occurred in the treatment 1:1, i.e the fish group fed Aqua Superzyme (at 0.01% of the diet) diet. The haematological parameters' values increased significantly (P<0.05) by using Aqua Superzyme, particularly at 0.01% of the diet; Garlen Allicin, particularly at 0.01% of the diet; and  Diamond V (Original XPC), particularly  at 0.4% of the diet). Yet, the overall significantly (P<0.05) best value for all tested parameters among additives and their levels was  that contained
Aqua Superzyme at 0.02% of the diet. So, it is recommended to supply Nile tilapia's diet with the prebiotic Aqua Superzyme at 0.01-0.02% of the diet to improve the immunity system of the fish.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of three aquatic macrophytes (Commelina cyanea, Phragmites australis and Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)) for treatment of municipal wastewater collected from Federal University of Technology, Akure (Nigeria). Laboratory scale of three constructed wetlands of dimensions 0.43 m x 0.93 m x 0.36 m in width, length and depth respectively, were developed to mimic natural conditions and was operated for a single experimental run with each macrophte at different retention time of 6, 9 and 12 days. These aquatic macrophytes were planted in separate ponds. Domestic wastewater from undergraduate students' hostel was introduced to the ponds. The raw wastewater sample and treated wastewater samples were analysed using standard laboratory methods for physical (Turbidity and Dissolved solids), chemical (pH, Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate, Sulphate Chemical Oxygen Demand and Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and bacteriological (Coliform bacteria) parameters. Results showed substantial diminutions in all parameters treated with the phytoremediators during the course of the study. Asides the three plants effectively removing Nitrate, Nitrite, phosphate and Sulphate pollutants, Phragmites australis gave the highest removal efciency for Phosphate (85.8%), Water hyacinth gave the highest removal efciency for pH (11.5%), Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Coliform bacteria and Commelina cyanea gave the highest removal efciency for turbidity (96.9%) and dissolved solids (82.9%) parameters of the domestic wastewater samples. The overall results of the phytoremediation studies indicate that the purication effectiveness of the three aquatic macrophytes were spontaneous, feasible and remarkable.

The Tripa Peat Swamp Forest (TPSF) suffers from deforestation due to agriculture, this habitat degradation potentially has a negative impact on fish biodiversity and community assemblages. The objective of this study was to develop an inventory of the fish fauna, evaluate the spatial variation in assemblage structure, document alien species, and quantify the economic value of fish species found from the area. Fish assemblages from the main rivers and tributaries of TPSF were sampled on May to June 2013. A total of 764 individuals were sampled during the survey, constituting 34 families, 47 genera, and 73 species where 46 species are categorized as fish consumption, 17 have potential for aquaculture, and 10 species have potential for ornamental, and three are non native. Cyprinidae is the predominant fish family within the TPSF. Fish assemblages were generally characterized by small population size for each species and low similarity among sites, reflecting the distinctive nature of ...

Aquaculture remains a growing, vibrant and important food production sector. Chemicals and drugs are widely used to increase aquaculture production in Bangladesh. A study was carried out to assess the aqua drugs and antibiotics used in aquaculture activities in north Chittagong of Bangladesh. Data were collected through questionnaire interview, personal contact, market survey and participatory rural appraisal like focus group discussion with fish hatchery owners, nursery and culture farmers, and retailers of aqua medicine and representatives of different pharmaceuticals companies. Major aquaculture species in experimental areas were combination of carps, tilapia and catfish (57%). Approximately 80 stakeholders were used to collect data from the selected upazilla of Chittagong and Cox's bazar district. Six categories of aqua drugs and chemicals were found to be used by fish farmers for water quality management, disinfectants, disease treatment, antibiotics and growth promoter. Most commonly used chemicals in this area including Geotox, Acmes Zeolite, Zeofresh, Lime, Zeo prime, Hunter, Vita plankton for the pond preparation and water quality management. 60% farmer use only lime while 22% use commercial zeolite and lime during pond preparation. Bleaching 14%, Potassium permanganate 40%, and 38% farmer use different commercial disinfectant for the treatment of disease. Bio-ox, Oxylife, Oxymax, and Oxymore are the available chemicals for increasing oxygen concentration in the pond. Renamycin, Otetra-vet 20%, Erisen-vet, Cotrim-Vet, AT-vet, Sulprim-vet and Sulfatrim were widely used antibiotics in this area. The study shows that lack of knowledge regarding use of chemicals, appropriate dose, method of application and indiscriminate use of antibiotics. This research finding will help to fish farming community to know the appropriate dose and administration methods for safe and sustainable aquaculture practices.

Abstrak Penetasan telur ikan merupakan hasil dari embriogenesis hingga embrio keluar dari cang-kangnya. Aktivitas embrio dipengaruhi oleh faktor dari luar dan dalam cangkang. Salah satu faktor dari luar yaitu pH air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui derajat pen-etasan dan lama waktu menetas telur ikan betok (A. testudineus) yang diinkubasi pada media dengan pH berbeda. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Budidaya Perairan, Program Studi Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sriwijaya. Metoda penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan P1 (pH 5±0,2), P2 (pH 6±0,2), P3 (pH 7±0,2), P4 (pH 8±0,2) dan P5 (pH 9±0,2). Parameter yang diamati yaitu persentase telur menetas, lama waktu penetasan dan parameter kualitas air. Ha-sil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pH 7±0,2, pH 8±0,2 dan pH 9±0,2 memberikan hasil persentase telur menetas dan lama waktu penetasan telur yang tidak berbeda nyata. Abstract The hatching of fish eggs is the result of embryogenesis until the embryo out from the shells. Embryos activities are influenced by external and internal factors. One of the external factors is the Power of Hydrogen (pH). The purpose of this study is to determine the hatching rate and incubation time of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) incubated on different pH of the medium. The research had been conducted in Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture , Agriculture Faculty, Sriwijaya University. The research method used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. The treatments were P1 (pH 5±0.2), P2 (pH 6±0.2), P3 (pH 7±0.2), P4 (pH 8±0.2) and P5 (pH 9±0.2). Parameters that had been observed were the eggs percentage of hatching, incubation time and water quality parameters. The results showed that pH 7±0.2, pH 8±0.2 and pH 9±0.2 have no significant difference on hatching percentage and incubation time of climbing perch.